复合PCR鉴别葡萄球菌及其多重耐药基因

目的　建立既可鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌又可同时检测其耐药基因的分子诊断方法。方法　对应于femB、mecA、ileS基因的 3对引物与快速提取的单菌落模板DNA进行单管同步扩增 ,电泳观察PCR片段 ;mecA、ileS耐药基因扩增结果分别与苯唑西林、莫匹罗星药敏试验对比 ,分析菌株的耐药性。结果　检测femB基因可快速特异性地筛选出金黄色葡萄球菌 ,mecA基因的检出与常规药敏试验鉴定耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (MRS)的结果基本一致 ,而拥有ileS基因的全部葡萄球菌分离株对莫匹罗星耐药。结论　复合PCR可快速敏感地从葡萄球菌中区分金黄色葡萄菌 ,并同时检出MRSA和耐莫匹罗星的多重耐药菌株。     

Laser and electron‐beam powder‐bed additive manufacturing of metallic implants: A review on processes,materials and designs

Additive manufacturing (AM), also commonly known as 3D printing, allows the direct fabrication of functional parts with complex shapes from digital models. In this review, the current progress of two AM processes suitable for metallic orthopaedic implant applications, namely selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are presented. Several critical design factors such as the need for data acquisition for patient‐specific design, design dependent porosity for osteo‐inductive implants, surface topology of the implants and design for reduction of stress‐shielding in implants are discussed. Additive manufactured biomaterials such as 316L stainless steel, titanium‐6aluminium‐4vanadium (Ti6Al4V) and cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) are highlighted. Limitations and future potential of such technologies are also explored. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:369–385, 2016.     

Rapid detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method

INTRODUCTION: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been implicated in the etiology of aggressive periodontitis. In this study, we applied a novel nucleic acid amplification method, called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions, allowing the rapid detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS: We designed the primers for detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. RESULTS: The LAMP primers used in this study successfully amplified serotypes a-e of A. actinomycetemcomitans, while other oral bacteria were not amplified. By measuring the precipitation of magnesium pyrophosphate, we could quantify the chromosomal DNA of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The detection limits using the real-time turbidimetry analysis were 5.8 x 10(2)-5.8 x 10(7) copies of A. actinomycetemcomitans template DNA per reaction tube. In addition, the LAMP assay was used for the rapid detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in clinical specimens from eight individuals. The results with the LAMP method were similar to those using conventional polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the LAMP-based assay is very useful for the rapid detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans.     

Cognitive impairment in rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism

Rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism (RDP) is caused by mutations in the ATP1A3 gene. This observational study sought to determine if cognitive performance is decreased in patients with RDP compared with mutation‐negative controls. We studied 22 familial RDP patients, 3 non‐motor‐manifesting mutation‐positive family members, 29 mutation‐negative family member controls in 9 families, and 4 unrelated RDP patients, totaling 58 individuals. We administered a movement disorder assessment, including the Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and a cognitive battery of memory and learning, psychomotor speed, attention, and executive function. The cognitive battery was designed to evaluate a wide range of functions; recognition memory instruments were selected to be relatively pure measures of delayed memory, devoid of significant motor or vocal production limitations. Comparisons of standardized cognitive scores were assessed both with and without controlling for psychomotor speed and similarly for severity of depressive symptoms. A majority of RDP patients had onset of motor symptoms by age 25 and had initial symptom presentation in the upper body (face, mouth, or arm). Among patients, the BFMDRS (mean ± SD, 52.1 ± 29.5) and UPDRS motor subscore (29.8 ± 12.7) confirmed dystonia‐parkinsonism. The affected RDP patients performed more poorly, on average, than mutation‐negative controls for all memory and learning, psychomotor speed, attention, and executive function scores (all P ≤ 0.01). These differences persisted after controlling for psychomotor speed and severity of depressive symptoms. Impaired cognitive function may be a manifestation of ATP1A3 mutation and RDP. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

返魂草药材的鉴别研究现状

目的：返魂草为我国长白山地区的一种特色药材资源,为保证其质量,为该药材的鉴定提供理论依据。方法查阅总结文献资料,对返魂草药材的鉴别进行综述。结果为返魂草药材提供了来源鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定方法。结论阐述了返魂草药材的鉴定研究现状。     

600例肺炎支原体感染咽拭子培养结果的分析

目的 探讨肺炎支原体（MP）快速鉴定培养基在肺炎支原体感染鉴定中的临床价值.方法 采用肺炎支原体快速鉴定培养基对600例急性呼吸道感染患者的咽拭子标本进行肺炎支原体培养,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 600例急性呼吸道感染患者的咽拭子标本肺炎支原体培养阳性148例,总阳性率为24.7％;男性阳性例数为76例,阳性率为25.3％,女性阳性例数为72例,阳性率为24.0％,男、女阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在各年龄组中,0～15岁组、16～35岁组、36 ～70岁组阳性例数分别为123例、16例、9例,阳性率分别为61.5％、8.0％、5.0％;0～15岁组阳性率与16～35岁组、36～70岁组组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,16～35岁组与36～70岁组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 肺炎支原体快速鉴定培养基检测结果准确、简便、快速,尤其对0～15岁患者检出阳性率高,可作为一般实验室诊断肺炎支原体感染的首选试验.