Whole-body MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging compared to CT for staging of malignant melanoma

Abstract

The relationship between the degree of amyloidosis in pancreatic islet tissue and the frequency of islets containing amyloid was studied in an autopsy material. A very strong positive correlation was found between these two variables in both the head and the tail of the pancreas. There was also a positive correlation between the degree of amyloidosis in islets containing amyloid and their frequency. This may indicate that the deposition of amyloid in the islets of Langerhans is a continuous process affecting progressively increasing numbers of islets. It is probable that the amyloid formation in the islets is influenced by some factor or factors that affect the different islets to different degrees. It is conceivable that one such factor may be vascular changes. The strong correlation between the frequency of islets containing amyloid and the degree of amyloidosis can be utilized as a simple and rapid method of determining the latter.     

螺旋CT对射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效评价

目的　探讨螺旋CT在肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融治疗后随访过程中的价值。方法　对 3 6例超声引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者 (2 9例原发性肝癌和 7例转移性肝癌 )定期进行螺旋CT双期增强扫描检查 ,观察射频消融的效果及肿瘤复发的情况。结果　肿瘤残留或原位复发的主要征象是消融区的边缘呈带状或结节样强化 ,或在随访CT复查中 ,肿瘤的体积不断增大。在射频消融治疗后的首次CT复查中 ,2 8例 (77.8% )肿瘤出现完全坏死。在随后的CT随访复查中 ,2例 (5.6% )出现肝内原位复发 ,4例 (11.1% )出现肝内异位复发。结论　对于合适的肝脏恶性肿瘤 ,射频消融是一种疗效确切的肿瘤局部治疗方法 ,在其疗效评价和长期随访过程中 ,螺旋CT双期增强扫描是有效的影像检查手段     

Lung MRI for experimental drug research

Current techniques to evaluate the efficacy of potential treatments for airways diseases in preclinical models are generally invasive and terminal. In the past few years, the flexibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain anatomical and functional information of the lung has been explored with the scope of developing a non-invasive approach for the routine testing of drugs in models of airways diseases in small rodents. With MRI, the disease progression can be followed in the same animal. Thus, a significant reduction in the number of animals used for experimentation is achieved, as well as minimal interference with their well-being and physiological status. In addition, under certain circumstances the duration of the observation period after disease onset can be shortened since the technique is able to detect changes before these are reflected in parameters of inflammation determined using invasive procedures. The objective of this article is to briefly address MRI techniques that are being used in experimental lung research, with special emphasis on applications. Following an introduction on proton techniques and MRI of hyperpolarized gases, the attention is shifted to the MRI analysis of several aspects of lung disease models, including inflammation, ventilation, emphysema, fibrosis and sensory nerve activation. The next subject concerns the use of MRI in pharmacological studies within the context of experimental lung research. A final discussion points towards advantages and limitations of MRI in this area.     

Indicators of emerging hazards and risks to food safety

There is a widely felt need to develop methods for the early identification of emerging hazards to food safety with the aim of preventing these hazards from becoming real risks and causing incidents. This paper reviews various activities and previous reports that describe methods to select indicators that can be used for the purpose of early identification of hazards. These indicators have been divided over three different environments, including (i) the environment surrounding food production, (ii) the food production chain from farm to fork, and (iii) consumers. Changes in these indicators are signals that may require follow-up action. Besides indicators that are linked to specific kinds of hazards, the indicators used for vulnerability assessment can help identifying weak spots in the food production system that are sensitive to a broader range of hazards. Based on the various indicators for emerging hazards that have thus been identified in literature, a set of generic indicators is provided that can be useful for the early identification of hazards.     

射频热缓释肝癌热疗计划系统的研制

肝癌是临床上最常见的肿瘤之一，主要讲述肝癌的多种物理治疗方法，并根据目前治疗方法中最有效的热疗方法．提出一种用于肝脏手术的新型医疗器械射频热缓释肝癌热疗计划系统的原理及研制过程，以及其在肝癌治疗应用方面较其它方法的优势。     

射频热疗在肝癌综合治疗中的应用

射频热疗分为射频容性加热法和射频热消融法。单纯射频容性加热很难使肿瘤组织坏死彻底．在肝癌的治疗中多采用射频容性加热合并其他的治疗方法。射频热消融对肝癌小病灶的治疗可达手术切除的效果，对大病灶也有明显减轻瘤负荷的作用。     

二维数字化超声软组织应变成像系统的研制

利用超声散射回波测量生物组织在静态压缩情况下弹性系数的超声弹性成像方法得到了很大的发展.利用国产高速数据采集卡以及商业线阵B型超声诊断仪,建立了一套二维数字化超声软组织应变成像系统.应用这一系统获得了数字化的射频组织超声散射回波信号,并对组织内的应变分布进行成像.实验结果表明,该应变成像系统在获得传统B型超声图像的同时,可以获得组织内部的应变分布图像,从而获取在B超图像上无法得到的组织弹性变化.这一系统的研制成功,不仅为超声弹性成像技术在医学临床上的应用研究打下了基础,同时也为扩宽普通商业B超的应用范围提供了途径.     

冷循环射频治疗肝癌35例临床观察

目的 研究冷循环射频消融治疗肝癌的方法和疗效。方法 35例肝癌病人接受冷循环射频消融治疗，术后观察病人临床症状、AFP浓度、肝功变化，B超、CT观察肝癌大小及血流情况。结果 肿瘤治疗3月后完全消失7例，部分消失、液化及明显缩小26例，无明显变化2例。20例血清AFP大于500ug／L，治疗后4周明显下降19例，无手术死亡病例。结论 冷循环射频消融是一种安全微创、有效的肝癌治疗手段。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的改良激光和消融治疗

目的 探讨二氧化碳激光腭扁桃体部分切除术(carbon dioxide laser tonsillotomy,CLTT)治疗儿童腭扁桃体肥大和鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效.方法 对126例腺样体和腭扁桃体肥大的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患儿行CLTT联合鼻内镜下低温等离子射频腺样体消融术,随访观察手术疗效和腭扁桃体残余组织的免疫功能.结果 手术前后血清免疫球蛋白含量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后3个月随访,病理证实腭扁桃体残体组织仍具有免疫功能;腺样体无复发、腭扁桃体残体未见再生;上呼吸道阻塞症状改善总有效率为97.6%,其中65例行PSG复查总有效率为95.4%.结论 CLTF联合鼻内镜下低温等离子射频腺样体消融术治疗儿童OSAHS简单、安全、有效,又可保留腭扁桃体的免疫功能.     

超声引导下自凝刀射频治疗子宫肌瘤30例疗效观察

目的: 探讨超声引导下自凝刀射频治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法: 采用超声引导下自凝刀射频治疗子宫肌瘤30例,术后预防感染3~5天,随访3~6个月判定疗效。结果: 30例子宫肌瘤患者共有肌瘤48个,治愈44个,治愈率91.7%,好转率8.3%。无并发症发生。结论: 超声引导下自凝刀射频治疗子宫肌瘤疗效确切,操作简单,不干扰内分泌功能,是目前治疗子宫良性病变的较好方法。