行脐静脉穿刺产前诊断孕妇的心理护理

[目的]了解行脐静脉穿刺产前诊断孕妇的心理状态,从而提供有效的心理护理.[方法]176例孕妇在责任护士的帮助下使用症状自评量表进行心理状态测定,并根据不同的心理状态进行针对性心理辅导.[结果]176例孕妇以稳定的心理状态安全渡过脐静脉穿刺手术的前后阶段.[结论]需要脐静脉穿刺进行产前诊断的孕妇不同程度地存在焦虑、紧张等心理问题,对这些孕妇在手术前中后分别进行针对性心理辅导以及追踪随访,使她们能安全渡过妊娠分娩阶段.     

乳腺癌病人心理反应的相关因素及心理干预研究进展

阐述了乳腺癌病人的心理反应与心理社会因素及疾病因素相关，认知疗法、行为疗法、支持一表达式疗法、音乐疗法、教育性干预等心理干预方法对乳腺癌病人有一定的治疗效果。阐明了心理干预在乳腺癌治疗及康复中的重要性.     

Headache children with temporomandibular disorders have several types of pain and other symptoms

The aim was to investigate the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and overall muscle tenderness, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties, headache frequency and related symptoms in children with primary headache in comparison with controls. Based on an unselected population sample of 1135 Finnish schoolchildren classified according to the type of headache at age 12, altogether 297 children aged 13–14 from different headache groups and healthy controls were randomly selected for an interview and clinical examinations. Children with migraine had more TMD signs than children with nonmigrainous headaches or healthy controls. High TMD total scores were associated with palpation tenderness in other parts of the body and with frequent headache attacks. We conclude that children with overall headache, migraine in particular, and high total TMD scores showed an increased overall tenderness to muscle palpation and multiply manifested hypersensitivity pain.     

The life closure scale: additional psychometric testing of a tool to measure psychological adaptation in death and dying

The purpose of this study was to conduct additional psychometric testing on an instrument designed to measure psychological adaptation in end-of-life populations across a wide spectrum of terminal illnesses. A sample of 20 participants completed initial testing of the Life Closure Scale (LCS); however, its usefulness was limited by the small sample size. A larger sample of 113 home hospice individuals who met established criteria and who gave informed consent completed the 27-item LCS for additional psychometric testing. Cronbach's alphas and correlation coefficients were computed, and factor analysis was conducted to establish internal consistency reliability, theoretical clarity, and criterion-related validity. The number of scale items was reduced to 20, with a total alpha of.87. Cronbach's alphas for the two subscales were.80 (self-reconciled) and.82 (self-restructuring). Item-total correlations for the subscales ranged from a low of.37 to a high of.68, with confirmatory factor analysis yielding two loadings. These findings lend credence to the usefulness of the LCS in measuring psychological adaptation in dying persons.     

SARS病人心理疏导五法

严重急性呼吸综合征 (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,SARS)由于其发病急、传播快 ,造成了大范围的恐慌。作为收治严重急性呼吸综合征定点医院 ,从 2 0 0 3年 3月 16日开始共收治病人 2 0 1名 ,其中危重病人 62人 ,均全部出院 ,在积极治疗与护理的同时 ,摸索了一套对病人进行思想安抚和心理疏导的工作经验 ,很好地配合了药物治疗。探讨了SARS病人心理疏导五法 :乐观减压法、陪伴聊天法、亲情激励法、情感呵护法、环境氛围营造法的工作经验 ,收到满意的效果 ,提供借鉴     

The Psychological Effects of a Four-week Emergency Medicine Rotation on Residents in Training

Objective: To prospectively evaluate psychological stress reactions among residents in an emergency medicine (EM) rotation during a 4-week period.
Methods: Pre- and postrotation psychological distress levels were assessed over a 4-week EM rotation. Subjects were evaluated by several psychometric measures. These included the assessment of anxiety, depressive, and other psychological symptoms by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the occurrence of traumatic anxiety via the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). Also assessed were the Impact of Events Scale and the Holmes Social Readjustment Ratings Scale (Holmes), a baseline life-change measure. Demographic data were obtained. The study occurred in a university-affiliated teaching hospital ED. The 45 EM residents and 27 non-EM residents were analyzed as a group, followed by subgroup analysis comparing EM vs non-EM residents.
Results: An increase in psychological distress over the 4-week rotation was found in the non-EM group, but not in the EM group. For the non-EM residents, all 10 BSI scales worsened and 3 of 4 DES scales worsened (p = 0.002), indicative of increased psychological distress. In contrast, analysis of the 45 EM residents showed improvement in 8 of 10 BSI scales and 3 of 4 DES scales (p = 0.057).
Conclusion: A significant increase in psychologic distress was found among the non-EM residents during an EM rotation. The EM residents showed a trend for a decrease in psychological distress over the same 4-week period.     

Psychological Characteristics and Pain Frequency Are Associated With Experimental Pain Sensitivity in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with episodes of severe vaso-occlusive pain beginning in infancy with a subset of patients with SCD transitioning to chronic pain. Response to experimental pain using quantitative sensory testing in these patients suggests altered pain processing. The objectives of this study were to characterize sensitivity to multiple modalities of experimental pain stimuli and to interrogate the relationship of psychological covariates, clinical pain burden, and pain-related outcomes to experimental pain sensitivity in children with SCD compared with healthy individuals of similar age and sex. Cross-sectional assessments of psychological characteristics were performed, and quantitative sensory testing methods were used to measure experimental pain sensitivity in children age 8 to 21 years. Anxiety, depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, and somatization were found to be associated with increased sensitivity to experimental pain stimuli. Increased frequency of painful episodes in SCD was associated with decreased sensitivity to heat pain and decreased mechanical temporal summation. These data suggest that careful consideration be given to psychological factors, age, sex, and clinical burden of pain when studying response to experimental pain in SCD.

新毕业护士的心理状态调查分析及对策

为了了解新毕业护士的心理状态,采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对64名新毕业护士的心理状况进行了调查。结果发现新护士在SCL-90中的各因子分均高于国内常模,主要表现为焦虑、人际关系敏感。及时了解新护士的心理状态,通过扎实基本功,培养独立处事能力,帮助新护士增强自信心,树立良好的职业意识,才能顺利度过工作适应期。     

肝癌介入治疗病人的心理护理

[目的]探讨肝癌介入治疗病人的心理护理方法.[方法]通过对20例肝癌介入术病人的护理,总结出病人的心理特征并进行相应的心理护理.[结果]所有病人经过心理护理,均能主动配合介入治疗和护理,未发生病人因情绪抵触不配合治疗而发生相关并发症.[结论]对肝癌介入治疗病人实施系统的心理护理可使肝癌病人重建自信,积极配合治疗.从而使介入治疗达到满意效果.     

中小面积烧伤患者不同时期的抑郁症状表现

目的观察中小面积烧伤患者不同时期的抑郁症状表现。方法65例中小面积烧伤患者（烧伤面积〈39%）在急性期和恢复期接受汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）调查,并与41例正常人（对照组）的测试结果比较。结果烧伤患者急性期和恢复期的大部分HAMD因子评分和总分均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05-0.01）,恢复期的抑郁情绪、入睡困难、早醒、精神性焦虑、躯体性焦虑、全身症状、性症状、疑病、昼夜变化、人格解体、能力感减退、绝望感和自卑感等症状评分和总分明显高于急性期（P〈0.05~0.01）,而睡眠不深、激越、胃肠道症状、体重减轻、偏执症状和强迫症状等症状评分均明显低于急性期（P〈0.05-0.01）。结论中小面积烧伤患者发病后不同时期抑郁症状表现不完全相同,心理干预应有针对性。