健脾益肠散和固本保元腹袋治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床研究

目的 :探讨用自拟健脾益肠散和固本保元腹袋治疗溃疡性结肠炎 (U C)的作用机制。方法 :将 UC患者115例随机分为 4组 :治疗 1组用中药健脾益肠散口服和固本保元腹袋敷脐治疗 ;治疗 2组单用健脾益肠散口服 ;治疗 3组单用固本保元腹袋敷脐 ;对照组病情轻者用柳氮磺胺吡啶 (SASP) ,中重度加用泼尼松。共治疗 3个疗程。治疗结束后观察各组血小板数量、血清白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、补体 3、4 (C3、C4 )含量的变化。结果 :治疗各组与对照组临床疗效、血小板、C3、C4、血清白蛋白、免疫球蛋白等比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1,<0 .0 5 ) ;治疗 1组与其他各治疗组比较 ,差异亦有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1,<0 .0 5 )。结论 :初步证实两种方法均能迅速起到缓解临床症状 ,改善机体的免疫功能 ,促进局部溃疡愈合的作用     

桃仁提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究桃仁乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)和乙醇所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用CCl4和乙醇制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察桃仁乙醇提取物对小鼠血清和肝匀浆谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响。结果:桃仁乙醇提取物能降低急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性;降低肝匀浆AST活性和MDA含量;提高SOD活性和GSH含量。结论:桃仁乙醇提取物对急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化作用有关。     

密闭式防针刺伤型留置针避免针刺伤的效果评价

目的观察密闭式防针刺伤型留置针在小儿静脉输液中的应用效果。方法将500例呼吸道感染住院患儿随机分为Y型留置针组和防针刺伤组各250例。Y型留置针组采用密闭式Y型静脉留置套管针,防针刺伤组采用密闭式防针刺伤型留置套管针。观察2组针刺伤的发生率、穿刺成功率、留置时间、脱出、阻塞、外渗等情况。结果2组针刺伤的发生、穿刺成功率、留置时间、脱出、阻塞、外渗等情况比较差异均无统计学意义,穿刺成功率因血管条件和针型不同而不同。防针刺伤型留置针组无一例针刺伤发生。结论密闭式防针刺伤型留置针可避免针刺伤的发生,应在临床广泛应用。     

Synthesis of novel protected Nα(ω‐thioalkyl) amino acid building units and their incorporation in backbone cyclic disulfide and thioetheric bridged peptides

Abstract: General methods for the preparation of protected N^α(ω‐thioalkyl) amino acids building units for backbone cyclization using reductive alkylation and on‐resin preparation are described. The synthesis of non‐Gly Fmoc‐protected S‐functionalized N‐alkylated amino acids is based on the reaction of readily prepared protected ω‐thio aldehyde with the appropriate amino acid. Preparation of Fmoc‐protected S‐functionalized N‐alkylated Gly building units was carried out using two methods: reaction of glyoxylic acid with Acm‐thioalkylamine and an on‐resin reaction of bromoacetyl resin with Trt‐thioalkylamines. Three model peptides were prepared using these building units. The GlyS2 building unit was incorporated into a backbone cyclic analog of somatostatin that contains a disulfide bridge. Formation of the disulfide bridge was performed by on‐resin oxidation using I₂ or Tl(CF₃COO^–)₃. Both methods resulted in the desired product in a high degree of purity in the crude. The AspS3 building unit was also successfully incorporated into a model peptide. In addition, the in situ generation of sulfur containing Gly building units was demonstrated on a Substance P backbone cyclic analog containing a thioether bridge.     

Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Interplay of Spinal Cord Protecting Modalities

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the complementary use of different methods of measuring spinal cord perfusion during thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. METHODS: The spinal cords of 28 patients undergoing surgery on the thoracoabdominal aorta were monitored with transcranial electrical stimulation (tcMEP) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP). Available approaches of spinal cord-protection included: Moderate systemic hypothermia, constant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and pressure monitoring, reimplantation of segmental arteries, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and staged clamping. RESULTS: Fourteen of 19 patients (75%) undergoing open surgical treatment (Group I) exhibited loss of tcMEP after proximal aortic clamping. In nine cases (47%), we observed recovery of tcMEP after intraoperative interventions, while two patients subsequently developed paraplegia and three died. Seventeen of 19 patients showed loss of SSEP, with recovery in 12 cases (63%). During stent-graft implantation (Group II), one of nine patients (11%) demonstrated tcMEP loss with intraoperative, intervention-related recovery. The SSEP-recording course remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: tcMEP/SSEP monitoring has proved to be an excellent means of detecting spinal cord ischaemia during surgery on thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The prognostic value of tcMEP monitoring should be considered superior to that of SSEP measurements, because of its direct and rapid response to spinal malperfusion. Through combined neurophysiological monitoring, vital parameter balancing and intraoperative interventions, spinal cord perfusion improves and recovery of tcMEP and SSEP is achievable, reducing the prevalence of postoperative paraplegia.     

美国监狱对艾滋病进行心理防控的措施及启示

目的 揭示监狱对艾滋病进行心理防控的科学规律。方法 文献比较法。结果美国监狱对艾滋病进行心理防控的第一步是对犯人的身体进行检查，还可将带病毒的犯人与其他所有犯人相隔离。结论 全美所有的监狱都向犯人提供艾滋病的教育项目，给犯人提供避孕套等保护工具，对所有监狱系统的工作人员提供与艾滋病相关的训练。     

New mild acid-labile protecting groups for the guanidino function of Nα-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-l-arginine in solid-phase peptide synthesis: 10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]. cyclohepten-5-yl, 2-methoxy-10, 11-dihydoro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]. cyclohepten-5-yl and 5H-dibenzo[a,d]. cyclohepten-5-yl groups

10, 11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a, d]. cyclohepten-5-yl [5-dibenzosuberyl]. and 5H-dibenzo[a, d]. -cyclohepten-5-yl [5-dibenzosuberenyl]. groups have been found to be useful protecting groups for the guanidino function of arginine in solid-phase peptide synthesis on Fmoc chemistry. The arginine derivatives ( 4a, b, c ) derivatized with these groups were easily deprotected with mild acid (less than 30 min with 25% trifluoroacetic acid). Tryptophan-containing peptide sequences, two hexapeptides ( 6 ) and (8), were synthesized in good yield by mild acid treatment (50% trifluoroacetic acid in 1 h) of the peptide resins ( 5a, c-f and 7a, c, d ) assembled via 4a, b, c using benzotriazol-1 -yl-oxy-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate-1-hydroxybenzotriazole mediated coupling.     

烯丙基作为保护基团合成对烯丙基苯酚

用对溴苯酚为原料,与烯丙基溴反应以保护酚羟基;经格氏反应用烯丙基取代溴;然后去除烯丙基保护基,得到对烯丙基苯酚,总收率6％。     

离心造粒法制备麝香保心微丸的研究

目的　制备麝香保心微丸。方法　采用离心造粒法制备麝香保心微丸 ,考察处方和工艺因素对微丸收率的影响 ,并采用均匀设计法对影响微丸收率的主要因素进行筛选优化。结果　在微丸起模过程中 ,主机转速、粘合剂的加入速度和加量、喷枪喷雾条件对起模微丸的收率具有较为显著的影响。在成丸的工艺过程中 ,对微丸收率影响的主要因素为喷浆速度与供粉速度 ,经均匀设计试验优化得微丸成丸的最佳处方和工艺参数为 :精制中间品与微晶纤维素 (MCC)比例为 1∶ 1,粘合剂为 3%羟丙基甲基纤维素 (HPMC,5 m Pa· s) ,主机转速为 2 0 0 r/ m in,鼓风流量为 10× 2 0 L/ min,喷气流量为 15 L/ min,喷气压力为 0 .5 MPa,喷浆泵转速为 14 r/ min,供粉机转速为 18r/ m in。结论　在优化条件下采用离心造粒法可制得表面较为光滑、圆整度较高的麝香保心微丸 ,10 0 0～ 70 0μm微丸的收率达 90 .4 %。     

德冠杏林石冠卿(连载二)

石冠卿教授是国家首批选定的名老中医之一．从事中医临床、教育六十余载。一生治学严谨，勤奋刻苦，医术高超，每以小方轻药愈沉疴顽疾，疗效神奇。为人正直，德高望重，享誉神州，不论贫贱贵富均仁术仁心，一丝不苟；教书育人，呕心沥血，为人师表，常寓大医风范于一言一行，身教胜言。“勤求古训，博采众方”为其治学格言，重视经典学习，精研《内经》，熟读《伤寒》、《金匮》，强调只有学有所本，探得真谛，理论透彻，才能辨证精确；了解诸家之长，博采时方，涉猎金元四家，提倡学识广泛，融会贯通，学以致用，用药灵活。临证诊疗，尤重肝胃，“人有胃气则生”，特别是久病，更要顾护胃气。治肝重在调理肝气，肝虽为五脏之贼，但切忌滥伐肝气。处方用药，忌杂药乱投，善于古方化裁，力求简便廉验。