Subcellular fractionation of human eosinophils: Isolation of functional specific granules on isoosmotic density gradients

Subcellular fractionation has been an important tool in investigating human eosinophil structure and function, including localizing of cytokine/chemokines within granules, investigating granule protein translocation and intracellular transport during eosinophil secretion, and studying secretory mechanisms of granules. The resolution of organelles obtained by subcellular fractionation was improved considerably after the introduction of nonionic iodinated density-gradient metrizamide and Nycodenz media that, unlike sucrose, exhibit relatively low tonicity throughout the gradient. However, the structure and membrane preservation of isolated organelles were still compromised due to the lack of gradient isoosmolarity. This paper describes a detailed protocol of subcellular fractionation of nitrogen cavitated eosinophils on an isoosmotic iodinated density gradient (iodixanol - OptiPrep) and the isolation of well preserved and functional membrane-bound specific granules.     

拉曼光谱法快速测定盐酸异丙嗪注射液的含量

目的:建立拉曼光谱法快速测定盐酸异丙嗪注射液的含量。方法:采用智能激光拉曼光谱仪扫描样品,激发波长780 nm,激光强度100 MW,光圈25 μm,光栅400 gr·mm^-1,分辨率2.0 cm^-1,曝光时间50 s,曝光次数2次,扫描范围100~3 200 cm^-1。结果:盐酸异丙嗪在20~200 mg·ml^-1范围内与拉曼定量峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 2),平均加标回收率为98.13%,RSD为1.05%(n=9)。结论:本方法快速、简单、可靠,可用于盐酸异丙嗪注射液的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定盐酸异丙嗪注射液中维生素C的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定盐酸异丙嗪注射液中维生素C的含量。方法采用Kromasil 100-5NH2分析色谱柱,甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液（磷酸调pH 3.0）（60∶40）为流动相,检测波长为243 nm;流速：1.0 ml·min-1;柱温：30℃。结果维生素C在0.010 01～0.1001 mg·ml-1的范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9997）,平均回收率为99.69%,RSD为0.52%（n=9）。结论本方法简便、测定结果准确,重复性好,可用于盐酸异丙嗪注射液中维生素C的含量测定。     

硬膜外麻醉辅助用药对呼吸及血气的影响

35例硬膜外麻醉(T_～S_)辅助用药(哌替啶+异丙嗪半量、氟哌啶+芬太尼半量)对患者呼吸及血气的影响结果表明:病人用药后 VT、MV、PaO_2与未用药组同时期相比,均有显著影响,其降低程度达到20%～42%(P<0.05,<0.01)。采取了给氧措施后,VT、MV 有明显改善,以 PaO_2、O_2sat 改善更显著(P<0.01).因此,硬膜外麻醉辅助用药对呼吸及血气的影响非常显著,持续吸氧是消除上述影响的有效措施.     

迭代目标转换因子分析法测定多组分复方药物制剂的研究

采用迭代目标转换因子分析法同时测定复方冬眠灵片两组分的含量．用此法对复方冬眠灵片的两组分盐酸异丙嗪和盐酸氯丙嗪进行了测量及计算，获得满意结果．氯丙嗪平均回收率为１０１４％，ＲＳＤ为０４％（ｎ＝６）；异丙嗪平均回收率为１００４％，ＲＳＤ为１８％（ｎ＝６）．而用普通目标转换因子分析法测定，氯丙秦平均回收率为１０３１％，ＲＳＤ为４９％（ｎ＝６），异丙嗪平均回收率为９５４％，ＲＳＤ为２２％（ｎ＝６）．由此可看出迭代目标转换因子分析法较普通目标转换因子分析法具有明显的优势．     

数倍率法测定复方磷酸可待因片中两组分的含量

目的建立复方磷酸可待因片的含量测定方法。方法采用系数倍率分光光度法,消除共存组分的干扰。结果两被测组分的吸收度差值与浓度均成良好线性,五个模拟样品的平均回收率和相对标准差分别为磷酸可待因１０１．２５％,２．７４％;盐酸异丙嗪９９．１８％,１．６６％。结论该方法简便准确,可用于磷酸可待因片的质量控制。     

异丙嗪与丙泊酚的协同镇痛作用

目的观察异丙嗪对丙泊酚镇痛效应的影响,为临床联合用药提供实验依据。方法将实验小鼠80只随机分为2组（n=40）,分别采用扭体法和热板法观察异丙嗪和丙泊酚镇痛小鼠热板法痛阈（HPPT）和扭体次数的改变。结果与其他各组相比,异丙嗪＋丙泊酚组的痛阈提高（P〈0．05）,扭体次数减少（P〈0．01）。结论异丙嗪和丙泊酚合用能够对小鼠产生协同镇痛效应。     

HPLC法测定复方磷酸可待因糖浆主成分含量的研究

目的:建立测定复方磷酸可待因糖浆中磷酸可待因和盐酸异丙嗪的高效液相色谱方法。方法:采用氰基键合硅烷色谱柱为固定相,流动相为0.01 mol.L-1己烷磺酸钠溶液-乙腈-甲醇(54∶23∶23),流量1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长284 nm。结果:磷酸可待因的线性范围为0.3～2.8μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.8%,定量限和检测限分别为10 ng和3 ng;盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围为0.2～1.9μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为100.3%,定量限和检测限分别为6 ng和2 ng。结论:该方法简单、可靠,适用性好,可用于复方磷酸可待因糖浆的质量控制。     

Prochlorperazine vs. promethazine for headache treatment in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial

Headache is a very common medical complaint. Four to six percent of the population will have a debilitating headache in their lifetime; and 1-2% of all Emergency Department (ED) visits involve patients with headaches. Although promethazine is used frequently, it has never been studied as a single-agent treatment in undifferentiated headache. We hypothesized that promethazine would be superior to prochlorperazine in the treatment of headache. We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial on patients presenting to our ED between May and August 2005 with a chief complaint of headache. Each subject was randomized to receive either intravenous promethazine 25 mg or prochlorperazine 10 mg, and graded the intensity of their headache on serial 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS). Patients with dystonic reactions or akathesia were treated with diphenhydramine. Adequate pain relief was defined as an absolute decrease in VAS score of 25 mm. After discharge from the ED, patients were queried regarding the recurrence of headache symptoms, the need for additional pain medications, and the occurrence of any side effects since discharge. Thirty-five patients were enrolled in each group. Both drugs were shown to be effective in treatment of headaches. Prochlorperazine provided a faster rate of pain resolution and less drowsiness when compared to promethazine. Both medications were individually effective as abortive therapy for headache. Prochlorperazine was superior to promethazine in the rate of headache reduction and rate of home drowsiness, with similar rates of akathesia, nausea resolution, patient satisfaction, and headache recurrence within 5 days of discharge.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定盐酸美金刚原料药中三氯甲烷的残留量

目的:建立毛细管气相色谱法测定盐酸美金刚原料药中三氯甲烷残留量的方法。方法:色谱柱为DB-1701石英毛细管柱,柱温采用程序升温,检测器为电子捕获检测器,检测器温度为250℃,进样口温度为200℃,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂。结果:三氯甲烷检测浓度线性范围为1.2～60μg·mL-(1r=0.9999);平均回收率为99.6%(RSD=0.8%);定量限为1.02pg;3批样品中三氯甲烷残留量均符合《中国药典》要求。结论:本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于盐酸美金刚原料药中三氯甲烷残留量的测定。