Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection

Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

1. Download : Download high-res image (281KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫临床研究

目的观察至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸治疗脾胃气虚型糖尿病胃轻瘫的疗效及对胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平的影响。方法86例脾胃气虚型糖尿病胃轻瘫患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组43例。治疗组给予至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸;对照组口服枸橼酸莫沙必利片。治疗12周后观察胃轻瘫主要症状指数量表症状积分改善情况、胃排空率及血清GAS、MTL、VIP水平。结果治疗组治疗后在胃轻瘫主要症状指数量表症状积分及胃排空率方面明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后血清GAS、MTL水平明显高于对照组,血清VIP水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的72.1%(P<0.05)。结论采用至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸能快速促进糖尿病胃轻瘫患者胃功能的恢复,改善症状和体征,其作用机制可能与升高患者血清GAS和MTL水平,降低VIP水平有关。     

铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PaP3生物学特性的研究

目的测定铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PaP3的最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线和吸附K值及交叉吸附K值等基本生物学特性。方法按照感染复数（MOI）分别为0．0001、0．001、0．01、0．1、1和10加入噬菌体纯培养液和宿主菌，充分裂解细菌后，测定噬菌体滴度；以MOI=10的比例加入噬菌体及宿主菌，进行一步生长实验；纯化PaP3颗粒，免疫家兔，获得抗血清，通过中和反应实验测定PaP3和其抗血清之间的吸附反应常数K值。同时，利用抗血清交叉中和试验确定本室分离的三株噬菌体之间的血清学关系。结果当MOI=0．001时PaP3感染其宿主菌产生的子代噬菌体滴度最高；根据一步生长实验结果绘制一步生长曲线；通过血清交叉中和反应得出不同的吸附常数。结论PaP3最佳感染复数为0．001，感染宿主菌的潜伏期是20min，爆发期是60min，平均爆发量约为31，其抗血清反应的吸附常数K值为262。     

白黎芦醇对GH3细胞增殖和PRL合成的影响

目的 探讨白黎芦醇对垂体腺瘤GH3细胞增殖和泌乳素合成的影响，及其对雌激素的拮抗作用。方法 在无血清无酚红的培养条件下，白黎芦醇单独或与雌二醇联合作用于GH3细胞，用MTT法测定细胞增殖，用免疫荧光法、RT-PCR和Western印迹法测定泌乳素的表达情况。结果 白黎芦醇对GH3细胞增殖具有刺激和抑制双相作用，呈时间一剂量依赖性。并且白黎芦醇使GH3细胞中PRL阳性细胞比例下降。同时，白黎芦醇抑制泌乳素的合成。白黎芦醇对雌二醇诱发的细胞增殖和泌乳素合成均有拮抗作用．但对泌乳素合成的拮抗作用较强，而雌二醇刺激细胞增殖作用较其诱发泌乳素合成作用强。结论 白黎芦醇对GH3细胞增殖和泌乳素合成均有抑制作用，从两方面发挥着抗肿瘤作用。     

Erythematous and reticular forms of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions differ in pathological features related to disease activity

BACKGROUND: Common clinical forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are erythematous (ERY) or reticular (RET). The purpose of this study was to find histopathological changes that differ between these forms. METHODS: Epithelial thickness, epithelial proliferation rate, apoptosis, and HLA-DR expression were compared among 10 reticular and 12 erythematous lesions, and 11 normal oral mucosa samples (NOM). RESULTS: The epithelium in ERY was thinner than in NOM, whereas RET showed values between ERY and NOM. Cell proliferation increased significantly in ERY as compared with RET and NOM, with no difference between RET and NOM. Relative numbers of epithelial cell nuclei displaying visible chromatin condensation were reduced in ERY form. CONCLUSIONS: The markedly increased cell proliferation in ERY supports the notion that this form displays a higher disease activity as compared to RET. It can therefore be important to study each disease form separately.     

杆菌肽发酵的培养基优化及影响其检测的因素

通过对影响杆菌肽抑菌圈大小的各种因素的研究，从而得到提高地衣芽抱杆菌发酵杆菌肽的产量及测量的最佳效果。研究结果表明豆芽汁培养基发酵的杆菌肽产量最高，并且在豆芽汁中加糖量为2g／dL时，抑菌圈最大。管碟法测定时，培养基的厚度影响最为显著，下层厚度10mL，上层5mL最佳，上层培养基的酸碱度为7．0，指示菌的浓度在10^8cfu／mL时，抑菌圈最清晰，直径最大，平均直径为2．52cm。     

γ-干扰素对大鼠胚胎基底前脑及隔区核团胆碱能神经元分化的影响

为了研究γ-干扰素(IFNγ)对大鼠胚胎基底前脑及隔区核团胆碱能神经元分化的作用,采用免疫组织化学方法对胆碱能神经元的特异性标记酶-胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)进行染色,ChAT阳性细胞的数量反映了胆碱能神经元的数量,并用14C-乙酰CoA作底物来检测ChAT活性。结果显示,IFNγ处理过的实验组,ChAT阳性细胞数量显著增加,ChAT活性也增加,这种增加被大鼠抗小鼠IFNγ单克隆抗体(Ab-IFNγ)完全拮抗。采用流式细胞术对细胞周期进行分析,细胞周期及细胞百分率无明显改变。用MAP2标记神经细胞,神经细胞数基本未增加。以上结果提示:IFNγ不能促进基底前脑和隔区神经元增殖,胆碱能神经元表达增加不是因为神经元数目增加而是分化的结果。     

骨外固定器行胫骨迁移治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的护理

目的总结利用骨外固定器行胫骨迁移治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的护理经验.方法对35例血栓闭塞性脉管炎37条患肢应用骨外固定器迁移胫骨治疗.术前积极处理患肢、有效的心理护理,术后严密观察,做好骨外固定器迁移胫骨的护理.结果 32例间歇性跛行距离增加;27例夜间静息痛均得到缓解;7例足趾缺血坏死中除3例术后患肢缺血加重截肢外,余4例患肢供血改善,坏死区域结痂愈合;总有效率91.9%.结论全面、准确地评估患者,完善术前准备及术后正确迁移指导可提高骨外固定器行胫骨迁移治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的有效性.