氨溴索预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察与护理方法分析

目的：对氨溴索治疗以及预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的临床效果以及具体的护理方法进行分析与讨论。方法选取2012年1月~2014年1月的早产儿200例,随机分为两组,每组100例。通过常规方法治疗对照组的早产儿,对于实验组的早产儿,则在对照组疗法的基础上加用氨溴索进行治疗。对实验组与对照组早产儿的24 h内RDS和并发症的发生率及RDS发生后的开始机械通气时间、持续通气时间、之后的氧疗时间进行观察。结果实验组的RDS发生率为12.0%,相较于对照组的27.0%有显著降低（P〈0.05）。实验组在并发症上的发生率为13.0%,相较于对照组的31.0%有显著降低（P〈0.05）。实验组下机之后氧疗时间及机械通气时间显著短于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论在早产儿的RDS防治方面,沐舒坦的疗效明显,方法简便,具有很好的临床推广价值。     

Ceramic Biomaterial Pores Stereology Analysis by the Use of Microtomography

The main aim of this study was to analyze microtomographic data to determine the geometric dimensions of a ceramic porous material’s internal structure. Samples of a porous corundum biomaterial were the research material. The samples were prepared by chemical foaming and were measured using an X-ray scanner. In the next stage, 3D images of the samples were generated and analyzed using Thermo Scientific Avizo software. The analysis enabled the isolation of individual pores. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The last part of the research consisted of verifying the developed method by comparing the obtained results with the parameters obtained from the microscopic examinations of the biomaterial. The comparison of the results confirmed the correctness of the developed method. The developed methodology can be used to analyze biomaterial samples to assess the geometric dimensions of biomaterial pores.     

中药茺蔚子炮制工艺优化的研究

目的：改进中药茺蔚子的炮制工艺,考察影响中药茺蔚子的炮制因素。方法设计正交试验,考查中药茺蔚子的酒炒工艺,并对其进行多因素分析。考察标准以茺蔚子中盐酸水苏碱为指标,采用高效液相色谱结合蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)对其进行含量测定,采用方差分析等统计学方法分析数据,找出最佳的优化方案。结果水煎煮提取的最佳工艺为A1B3C3,即加水煎煮3次,第1次加8倍量水,浸泡1 h,煎煮1.5 h;第2次加6倍量水,煎煮1.5 h,第3次加6倍量水,煎煮1.5 h,滤过,合并滤液。炮制最佳工艺为A3B2C1D3,即使用25%加酒量浸润茺蔚子药材10 min后,将其在150℃下炒制5 min后即得。结论炮制的方法直接影响中药茺蔚子中盐酸水苏碱的含量,本研究为改进中药茺蔚子的最佳炮制工艺提供了参考依据。     

The Effect of Cyanobacterial Biomass Enrichment by Centrifugation and GF/C Filtration on Subsequent Microcystin Measurement

Microcystins are cyclic peptides produced by multiple cyanobacterial genera. After accumulation in the liver of animals they inhibit eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatases, causing liver disease or death. Accurate detection/quantification of microcystins is essential to ensure safe water resources and to enable research on this toxin. Previous methodological comparisons have focused on detection and extraction techniques, but have not investigated the commonly used biomass enrichment steps. These enrichment steps could modulate toxin production as recent studies have demonstrated that high cyanobacterial cell densities cause increased microcystin levels. In this study, three microcystin-producing strains were processed using no cell enrichment steps (by direct freezing at three temperatures) and with biomass enrichment (by centrifugation or GF/C filtration). After extraction, microcystins were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All processing methods tested, except GF/C filtration, resulted in comparable microcystin quotas for all strains. The low yields observed for the filtration samples were caused by adsorption of arginine-containing microcystins to the GF/C filters. Whilst biomass enrichment did not affect microcystin metabolism over the time-frame of normal sample processing, problems associated with GF/C filtration were identified. The most widely applicable processing method was direct freezing of samples as it could be utilized in both field and laboratory environments.     

Care in times of COVID-19: the impact of the pandemic on informal caregiving in Austria

Much attention has been paid to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care but the impact on informal caregivers has remained speculative. In Austria, like in other European countries, informal care is carried out overwhelmingly by (non-cohabiting) relatives. Limited care services available during the pandemic, social-distancing, increased unemployment and competing care needs within households (e.g. due to school closures) may have changed the prevalence and intensity of informal caregiving. Moreover, these changes may have increased the psychological strain experienced by caregivers. Focusing on Austria, this study aims to empirically analyse the following research questions: how have the prevalence and intensity of informal care changed due to the pandemic? How has the psychological well-being of informal caregivers been affected? We use a pre- and post-onset of the pandemic research design based on a representative survey carried out in Austria in June 2020 (N = 2000) in combination with comparable 2015 data from the European Social Survey. Findings suggest that neither prevalence nor intensity of informal care changed significantly due to the pandemic. However, the psychological well-being gap between carers and non-carers increased with the start of the pandemic, especially among men. Findings are discussed in relation to the policy measures implemented and possible policy implications for the future.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00611-z.     

分析多样性护理方式在糖尿病护理中的应用效果

目的探讨和分析多样性性护理方式在糖尿病并冠心病患者治疗中的应用效果。方法从该院2017年6月—2019年7月间选取60例糖尿病并冠心病患者作为样本,实验组采用多样性护理方案,参照组则采用常规护理方案,比对实验组与参照组患者临床护理情况。结果实验组糖尿病并冠心病患者满意度93.33%优于参照组73.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.320,P=0.038);实验组患者餐后血糖、空腹血糖优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床采用多样性护理方式方案在糖尿病合并冠心病患者中应用的治疗效果更佳,推广价值更高。     

复方槐花颗粒中槐花和侧柏叶总黄酮提取工艺的优化

目的 优选复方槐花颗粒中槐花和侧柏叶总黄酮最佳提取工艺。方法 采用超声浸提法对复方槐花颗粒中槐花和侧柏叶总黄酮进行提取,以乙醇体积分数、超声功率、超声时间和料液比为考察因素,通过单因素试验和正交优选,确定较优提取工艺,并与常规的热回流提取法进行比较研究。结果 超声浸提法最佳提取工艺条件为：用60%乙醇,在料液比1:10和超声功率40kHz条件下超声波辅助连续提取2次,每次15min,槐花和侧柏叶总黄酮提取率可达93.31%。结论 该工艺研究为复方槐花颗粒中槐花和侧柏叶总黄酮共提提供一种新方法和思路,具有耗时短、能耗低、溶剂用量少和提取效率高等优势。     

X-ray Absorption (XRA): A New Technique for the Characterization of Granular Activated Carbons

The X-ray absorption (XRA) method using digital image processing techniques is a reliable technique to determine the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbons (GACs). Using an innovative digital image processing technique, the identification of individual adsorbed molecules or ions in a GAC was possible. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used to simulate the adsorption equilibrium data of Methylene Blue (MB), nickel, cobalt and iodine. Freundlich equation was found to have the highest value of R² compared with Langmuir. The identification of distinctive patterns applying XRA for different adsorbed ions and molecules onto GAC was explored. It is demonstrated that unique XRA configurations for each adsorbed ion or molecule are found, as well as a proportional relationship between its incident energy (needed to achieve maximum photon attenuation) and the (effective) atomic number, the adsorbate mass and the molar or atomic mass of adsorbed molecule or ion. XRA method in combination with image histogram modifications was used to obtain a digital signature of adsorbed ions/molecules, giving distinct GSI values for each one in the used energy range. Probabilistic models prove that XRA results are within relationships between effective atomic number and photonic interaction probability, reinforcing the potentialities of XRA for monitoring (multi-)ion and/or molecule combinations on GAC using advanced digital image processing techniques. It was proved that the proposed approach could assess different adsorbed ions/molecules onto GACs in water purification systems.