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131.
F. A. Ashley B. Gibson B. Daly S. Lygo Baker J. T. Newton 《European journal of dental education》2006,10(1):10-19
The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate and postgraduate dental students' understanding of a good learning experience by using 'reflection on learning' as described by Schon. Four groups of Year 4 BDS students and one group of postgraduate students in dental public health took part in a series of focus group discussions. The responses were grouped into four broad themes (a) active, practical and positive learning; (b) interactive/together learning; (c) personal learning; (d) theory into practice. Six educational models of good learning proposed by the students are described. 相似文献
132.
133.
M. Doyle B. L. W. Chapman G. Blackwell E. G. Walsh G. M. Pohost 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》1994,31(5):546-550
We introduce an image processing method which reduces white noise and random artifacts in sets of high resolution, time resolved images. At each pixel, the processing consists of: (1) the isolation of a time intensity curve (TIC), (2) Fourier transformation of each TIC, (3) application of a threshold to remove low intensity coefficients, (4) inverse transformation to generate noise reduced TICS which are recombined to form images with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Noise filtering by Fourier thresholding is demonstrated on a set of cardiac images, resulting in a reduction of the noise energy by approximately 90%. 相似文献
134.
135.
Integrating human factors into the medical curriculum 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Background The study of human factors is a scientific discipline that deals with the interactions between human beings and the elements of a system. This is important because shortcomings in these areas, if unchecked, can result in adverse outcomes. Research into human factors in industries where safety is paramount has provided the basis of countermeasures against human error. Adverse outcomes in medicine resulting from human error exact a high cost in both patient suffering and financial outlay.
CRM training One of the approaches used to minimise the effect of human error is to train people in a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that underpin the domain-specific competencies for that profession. These are referred to as non-technical skills (NTS). In aviation, such an approach has been shown to be both translatable from the training environment to the workplace and effective in reducing adverse outcomes.
Discussion Medicine has incorporated this style of training, usually centred around simulator-based courses, but as yet in a piecemeal, episodic fashion which relies on participants volunteering to attend courses. Unlike other industries there is no systematic approach to linking the content of this teaching with the more conventional range of topics. As a consequence it is difficult to assess the impact of human factors training in medicine. This is partly because very little work has been done to date in identifying the key non-technical skills required in medicine, and the overall experience of workplace based assessment is limited. Lessons from other high reliability organisations may help to address the main challenges of developing the content, integrating it into the curriculum, reinforcing the concepts in the workplace through staff development and establishing its role in summative assessment. 相似文献
CRM training One of the approaches used to minimise the effect of human error is to train people in a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that underpin the domain-specific competencies for that profession. These are referred to as non-technical skills (NTS). In aviation, such an approach has been shown to be both translatable from the training environment to the workplace and effective in reducing adverse outcomes.
Discussion Medicine has incorporated this style of training, usually centred around simulator-based courses, but as yet in a piecemeal, episodic fashion which relies on participants volunteering to attend courses. Unlike other industries there is no systematic approach to linking the content of this teaching with the more conventional range of topics. As a consequence it is difficult to assess the impact of human factors training in medicine. This is partly because very little work has been done to date in identifying the key non-technical skills required in medicine, and the overall experience of workplace based assessment is limited. Lessons from other high reliability organisations may help to address the main challenges of developing the content, integrating it into the curriculum, reinforcing the concepts in the workplace through staff development and establishing its role in summative assessment. 相似文献
136.
^60Co消毒与高温高压消毒胚胎骨的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在12只健康家兔下颌骨体部的两侧各造成0.7cm×0.5cm×0.3cm的骨缺损区,分别置入^60Co消毒的胚胎骨和高温高压消毒的胚胎骨,发现高温高压消毒可以替代^60Co消毒胚胎骨进行移植,为临床提供了一种新的用作同种异体移植胚胎骨的消毒方法。 相似文献
137.
Anthony M. Norcia Russell D. Hamer Arthur Jampolsky Deborah Orel-Bixler 《Vision research》1995,35(23-24)
Monocular oscillatory-motion visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured in prospective and retrospective groups of infantile esotropia patients who had been aligned surgically at different ages. A nasalward-temporal response bias that is present prior to surgery was reduced below pre-surgery levels in the prospective group. Patients in the retrospective group who had been aligned before 2 yr of age showed lower levels of response asymmetry than those who were aligned after age 2. The data imply that binocular motion processing mechanisms in infantile esotropia patients are capable of some degree of recovery, and that this plasticity is restricted to a critical period of visual development. 相似文献
138.
报告股骨干骨折切开复位内固定术后不愈合27例。其中,17例钢板固定者,只4例符合要求,9例髓内针固定者,有5例针短小。尚伴有固定方法,钢板或髓内针断裂,以及感染等方面原因有。本组再手术26例1次手术治愈,1例2次手术治愈。绝大部分经带蒂骨皮质剥离^[1]和坚强内固定术后而愈合,不需植骨。产生骨折不愈合的诸因素中,以忽视内固定的基本原则与术中操作不当为主。 相似文献
139.
Vadim S. Rotenberg 《Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews》1994,18(4):487-495
The present paper proposes a new psychophysiological approach to the genesis of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms. According to this approach, the initial factor in schizophrenic disorders is a functional insufficiency of the right hemisphere which can be determined by early emotional experience in combination with subtle brain damage. This functional insufficiency causes (a) the inability to grasp and select information before its realization; and (b) the inability to produce a polysemantic context which is crucial for creativity, psychological defense, and the restoration of search activity, all of which determine psychophysiological adaptation to the environment. Right hemisphere insufficiency causes left hemisphere hyperactivity as an ineffective attempt to compensate for this functional deficiency. As a result, normal search activity is replaced by artificial search activity which is represented by “positive” symptoms, and which uses the predisposition of the left hemisphere's catecholamine system for its increased activity. The suggestion is made that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (the inability to use appropriate previous information in relation to current perceptual input) is related to the competition between information processing which requires left hemisphere activity, and the formation of positive symptoms, also based on left hemisphere activity. 相似文献
140.
对326名2岁以下婴幼儿进行了调查分析,认为小儿营养性贫血以6~24个月为高发年龄,母乳喂养儿的患病率明显低于人工喂养儿,提示母乳喂养可降低贫血的患病率,有利于婴儿的生长发育,但12个月以后母乳喂养的贫血患病率有明显上升的趋势,因此认为要在大力提倡母乳喂养的同时应强调无论母乳喂养或人工喂养都应及早添加辅食,防止小儿营养性贫血的发生。 相似文献