A preventive intervention for enhancing resilience among highly stressed urban children

Describes the development and evaluation of a pilot 12-session, school-based preventive intervention designed to enhance resilience among inner-city children who have experienced major life stress. Thirty-six 4th–6th grade children participated in the intervention in groups of 5–8 co-led by school personnel. The curriculum focussed on understanding feelings in oneself and others, perspective-taking, social problem-solving, dealing with solvable and unsolvable problems, and building self-efficacy and esteem. Pre-post evaluation showed significant improvement among participants on teacher-rated indices of learning problems and task orientation and on child ratings of perceived self-efficacy, realistic control attributions and anxiety. Program limitations and factors that restrict generalization are considered and new directions for program development and research are proposed.     

The Effects of Incentives and Research Requirements on Participation Rates for a Community-Based Preventive Intervention Research Study

This investigation utilized prospective survey data to examine the influence of a research incentive ($100) and requirement (videotaping) on decisions to participate in prevention research. Individuals were significantly attracted by the incentive, and marginally deterred by the requirement. Interaction analyses revealed that the positive incentive effect was stronger among prospective participants with less education and who were otherwise less likely to participate. These findings indicate that monetary incentives can be useful for increasing participation rates, and may help reduce sampling bias by increasing rates most strongly among individuals who are typically less likely to take part in research projects.     

我国毒物中毒概况和预防对策

论述了我国生产性职业中毒、运输过程意外事故中毒、环境污染事故中毒、生产性和非生产性农药中毒、食物中毒以及药物中毒.还讨论了中毒的预防对策.     

Attitudes to social issues in medicine: a comparison of first-year medical students with first-year students in non-medical faculties

The emphasis on academic achievement in medical student selection has given rise to the fear that students entering medicine may comprise a homogeneous group with tendencies towards academic and scientific pursuits rather than humanistic and person-oriented health care. The Attitudes to Social Issues in Medicine (ATSIM) scale was administered to first-year Australian medical students and first-year students in other faculties including students with significantly lower academic performance measured by high school examination scores. The medical student group was found to be less conservative towards general social issues than students enrolled in commerce and science faculties and scored equally with arts students. Greater conservatism was, however, apparent in those areas which most closely affect the doctor's role. Medical students were less positive than other student groups in their attitudes towards increased government control of the medical profession, the contribution of allied health professionals and the importance of social aspects of illness. On attitudes to issues such as prevention and doctor-patient relationships which do not challenge the knowledge base or traditional role and status of the medical profession, however, medical students demonstrate equal or greater concern compared with other student groups.     

Role of Der p 1–specific B cells in immune tolerance during 2 years of house dust mite–specific immunotherapy

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精神专科医院门诊抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素.方法:选取2007年5月至10月于北京大学第六医院及北京回龙观医院门诊就诊的123例抑郁症患者,采用自编抑郁症患者就诊状况及服药依从性调查问卷进行调查,内容包括患者一般情况、患病及就诊情况调查、抑郁症发病次数、巩固治疗期坚持服药时间知晓情况及实际服药情况等.分别采用卡方检验及多元Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素与服药依从性的相关性.结果:完全依从组(完全按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)和部分依从组(部分按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)在医疗费用支付形式、病程、家属态度、抑郁症阳性家族史、对疾病性质的认识、就诊模式、第一主诉、患病次数、坚持服药时间知晓情况、家庭平均月收入等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),将患者服药依从情况作为因变量,将以上项目作为自变量进行Logistic回归,结果显示月收入、对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程进入回归方程,各变量比值比分别为:10.932、9.604、7.246、6.019、2.611、0.209.结论:抑郁症患者服药依从性与多方面因素相关,对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程、家庭平均月收入等是影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的重要因素.     

Preventive Measures in Mite Asthma

To evaluate the effect of preventive measures 46 patients, all allergic to house-dust mites (Dermatophagoides spp.), were randomly allocated to a study and a control group. According to the patients' subjective recordings of symptom score and use of medicine, compared with the control group, the study group had improved. There was, however, no improvement when comparing the objective recordings of morning and evening peak flow and use of medicine, and it is concluded that the preventive measures in this programme are not very effective for patients allergic to house-dust mites. The reduction in indoor humidity in the study group was limited and, as a high indoor humidity is the cause of huge populations of house-dust mites in homes, it is emphasized that future programmes of preventive measures should focus more on damp problems, particularly those related to bad housing construction.     

Systems biology: integrating technology,biology, and computation

The Human Genome Project has changed the worlds of biology and medicine-helping to catalyze two major paradigm changes: systems biology and predictive, preventive and personalized medicine. These two themes will dominate 21st century biology and medicine. I will discuss these changes and indicate how they may interface with with the process of aging.     

Cognitive and behavioural correlates of non‐adherence to HIV anti‐retroviral therapy: Theoretical and practical insight for clinical psychology and health psychology

This cross‐sectional study identified variables associated with protease inhibitor (PI) non‐adherence in 179 patients taking anti‐retroviral therapy. Univariate analyses identified 11 variables associated with PI non‐adherence. Multiple logistic regression modelling identified three predictors of PI non‐adherence: low adherence self‐efficacy and seriousness of non‐adherence and HIV (p < .001), perceived absence of HIV associated illness (p < .01), and use of more than one type of recreational drug (p = .001). The model correctly classified 83.9% of the sample, offers psychologists insight into psychological barriers to treatment adherence to guide interventions for improving adherence, and supports a modified version of the reformulated health belief model.     

Relational continuity of care in community pharmacy: A systematic review

Relational continuity of care (COC) is becoming an important concept related to improving healthcare quality, reducing medical costs and increasing patient satisfaction with primary care. While community pharmacy (CP) has a considerable role in primary care, there are few reports dedicated to the role of relational COC in CP. This study reviewed the existing evidence of relational COC in CP and its effect on patients. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library CENTRAL and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies from the date of database inception through to January 2021, which were appraised according to eligibility criteria. There were no limitations on the primary outcome or language. Case reports and studies without control groups were excluded. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Database searches identified 13 records. Relational COC measures in the included studies were grouped in three kinds; pharmacy-visiting pattern, Continuity of Care Index and loyalty. The assessed outcomes were medication adherence behaviour (e.g., the proportion of days covered, medication possession ratio), adverse drug reactions, potentially inappropriate drug prescribing and clinical outcomes. The odds of patients adhering to their medication regimen were about 1.1~2.5 times higher among those who consistently visited a single pharmacy compared to patients visiting multiple pharmacies. Additionally, the care provision with a high level of relational continuity could lower inappropriate drug use by 21~32 per cent and the use of other costly services by 12~29 per cent. This study suggests that a high degree of relational COC in CP could improve safe use of medications among patients. Future research is needed to employ more rigorous methods to reduce heterogeneity and to measure effects on clinical outcomes.