Haemorrhagic pituitary tumours

In a group of 69 patients with pituitary tumours, 12 were found to have evidence of intratumoral haemorrhage on MRI, characterized by high signal intensity on short TR/TE sequences. This was verified in all but 1 patient. The majority of the bleedings occurred in macroadenomas. Five (42%) were prolactinomas and 4 (33%) were non-functioning adenomas. There were 2 GH- and 1 ACTH-secreting tumours. All 5 patients with prolactinomas were on bromocriptine medication. Two of the patients had a clinical picture of pituitary apoplexy. The haemorrhage was not large enough to prompt surgery in any of the patients. However, surgical verification of the diagnosis was obtained in 5 cases, while 6 patients were examined with follow-up MRI.     

单纯或联合药物治疗复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病48例疗效分析

目的 :探讨两种方法治疗复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的效果。方法 :将 4 8例复发性外阴念珠菌阴道炎的患者随机分为两组 ,分别给予两种治疗方法。Ⅰ组 (2 5例 ) :每晚米可定泡腾片 1片塞入阴道 ,连续用药 7～ 10d。首次用药后 1周复查 ,临床及白带真菌学培养阴性进入维持期治疗 ,即每周 1次米可定泡腾片 1片阴道塞 ,连续 5个月。Ⅱ组 (2 3例 ) :单次口服氟康唑15 0mg外加每晚米可定泡腾片 1片阴道塞 ,连续用药 7～ 10d。首次用药后 1周复查 ,临床及白带真菌学培养阴性进入维持期治疗 ,即每月月经第 1天口服氟康唑 15 0mg外加每周 1次米可定泡腾片 1片阴道塞、连续 5个月。结果 :首次治疗后 1周及第1个月、12个月两组的治愈率、无效率及假阳性率统计学结果无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而维持治疗第 1、3和 6个月Ⅱ组的治愈率显著高于Ⅰ组、无效率显著低于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :氟康唑口服与米可定泡腾片阴道联合用药半年能有效减少治疗期间复发率 ,但停药后并不能降低复发率。     

二至丸对四氯化碳所致小鼠ALT升高的预防作用

目的研究二至丸水提物、女贞子、墨旱莲的保肝作用.方法通过检测血清酶学指标,观察二至丸对四氯化碳肝损伤模型的保护作用.结果用药各组均具有降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)作用,以二至丸超声水提液和水煎液作用最强,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为复方保肝降酶的有效部位,但两者不同混合比例的保肝降酶作用应作进一步研究,以寻找最佳配比,达到最佳保肝效果.结论用药各组均具有保肝降酶作用,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为二至丸复方的保肝降酶的有效部位.     

Male suicides and alcohol consumption in the former USSR

A significant decline (34.5%) in the suicide rate occurred in 1984–1988 throughout the USSR. The decline was observed shortly after the introduction of strict restrictions on the sale of alcohol. We tested the hypothesis that the restrictive alcohol policy in the first years of perestroika (June 1985) caused the fall in suicide rates in the former USSR. Data on alcohol consumption, violent death caused by external injury and poisoning (n= 916,315), death due to accidental alcohol poisoning (n= 77,837), suicide (n= 192,305) and death undetermined whether accidentally or purposely (n= 54,253) were analyzed for all former Soviet republics for 1984, 1986, 1988 and 1990. Men were chosen for the analysis, since men are more prone to abuse alcohol than women. Regression analysis with alcohol consumption as the independent variable and suicide rates and violent death rates as dependent variables shows that suicide and alcohol consumption were positively correlated as were violent death and alcohol consumption. In the republics with high alcohol consumption (Slavic and Baltic), suicide rates were also high. In the Caucasian republics, low alcohol consumption was associated with low suicide rates. For most republics, alcohol seems to explain more than 50% of suicides. Alcohol also has considerable explanatory value for violent death. Thus, a restrictive alcohol policy might be a way to reduce suicide and violent death.     

基于BIS指数的麻醉给药系统研究设计

麻醉给药研究的关键问题之一是如何保证麻醉药品在人体效应室中的理想浓度。以药代动力学为基础的靶控输注（TCI）是一种可实现的方法,基于BIS指数的实时闭环麻醉给药系统实时控制靶控输注给药可以获得理想的麻醉效果。本文对这一麻醉给药系统的研究提出临床工程设计方案,并加以实现。     

正确饮水与安全用药

目的：探讨服药时饮水量及水的成分对所服药物的影响。方法：通过文献查阅和总结．对服药时需多饮水的药物、服药时需少饮水及不需饮水的药物、服药时对水的成分要求分别进行阐述。结果：服药时正确饮水，才能发挥最大治疗作用。结论：药师和医生应重视服药时饮水对疾病治疗的影响，给予患者正确的指导，保证患者用药安全、有效达到预期的治疗目的。     

Topical application of fluorides on teeth

Abstract Prevention of caries in exposed root surfaces constitutes an important clinical problem. It is thus important that clinicians involved with periodontology have an insight into fluoride prophylaxis. The understanding of the cariostatic mechanism of fluoride has improved during recent years. The aim of the present review is to give a short account of the present concept. Calcium fluoride appears to be the only product which is formed on enamel, dentin or cementum during brief topical treatments with fluoride or use of toothpaste containing fluoride. This calcium fluoride is stable in the oral environment: this is contrary to what was believed until recently. The calcium fluoride constitutes a pH-dependant reservoir of fluoride which releases fluoride when pH drops. The practical consequences of this concept is discussed.     

Dixyrazine premedication for cataract surgery. A comparison with diazepam

Peroral dixyrazine (15–30 mg, n = 50) and diazepam (4–10 mg, n = 50) were used as premedicants for geriatric patients having cataract surgery under regional block. Compared to the diazepam patients, a larger number of the dixyrazine medicated patients appeared anxious, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, when summing up changes in anxiety throughout the study period. The dixyrazine patients needed more frequent supplementation with intravenous sedative drugs, compared with their diazepam counterparts. Peroral dixyrazine is an applicable choice for calm patients, when only slight sedation, or avoidance of somnolence are required.