Plasma concentrations of prolactin, noradrenaline, vasopressin and oxytocin during and after a prolonged epileptic seizure

The time course and extent of changes in plasma prolactin, noradrenaline, vasopressin and oxytocin levels is reported following serial observations of a prolonged epileptic seizure arising in the temporal lobe, recorded by video-EEG-telemetry, in which the epileptic activity evolved from a simple partial to complex partial to secondarily generalised attack. The prolactin levels were markedly elevated during the phase of the simple partial seizure, at a time when consciousness was preserved, when motor activity was minimal and when EEG activity was highly localised. The hormonal levels continued to rise during the subsequent seizure evolution, suggesting that the duration (or intensity) of the seizure is an important, perhaps the most important, factor determining the degree of prolactin release during limbic seizures. Indeed, the prolactin elevation in this case (26 times the baseline level) is higher than any previously recorded, reflecting the unusual duration and intensity of this seizure. We did not observe the phenomenon of "exhaustion" of prolactin release and levels peaked after 49 min, and were high for over 2 h after the onset of the seizure, and after the convulsion had ceased. The concentrations of vasopressin, oxytocin and noradrenaline remained low during the aura, but rapidly increased during the phase of generalisation. The oxytocin and noradrenaline levels peaked during the phase of generalised convulsion, but the vasopressin levels peaked well into the post ictal phase, and remained high for several hours. The differing patterns of hormone release are likely to be related to the different anatomical sites of the hypothalamic perikarya, the relative importance of excitatory and inhibitory hypophysiotrophic agents in the release of anterior pituitary hormones and the localised release of neuromodulatory agents.     

大鼠正中隆起及垂体结节区生长抑素免疫阳性成分的分布

应用免疫组织化学方法观察了大鼠正中隆起及垂体结节区内生长抑素免疫阳性成分的分布,新发现:在交叉后区的正中隆起前部内侧带,有少量的生长抑素免疫阳性神经元胞体;少量阳性纤维几乎垂直行向腹侧,有的可达脑膜表面。垂体结节区内可见较密集的生长抑素阳性纤维丛,其上可见较多的膨体;一些纤维同样到达腹侧表面。     

经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤

目的:探讨采用经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床疗效.方法:1990年3月至2002年12月采用经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤493例(微腺瘤93例,大腺瘤301例,巨大腺瘤99例),其中经唇下-鼻中隔入路345例,经鼻小柱-鼻中隔入路99例,经单鼻孔入路49例.结果:肿瘤全切除269例(54.6％),次全切除117例(23.7％),部分切除107例(21.7％);术后视力及视野改善者占86.7％(268/309),内分泌指标改善者占73.8％(259/351),出现并发症43例(8.7％).结论:经蝶窦手术切除垂体腺瘤是安全有效的;大型垂体腺瘤可以采用分次经蝶窦手术治疗.     

垂体瘤的分子生物学研究进展

垂体瘤来源于垂体前叶细胞,是常见的颅内肿瘤.它因其细胞增殖及内分泌特性而表现出各种的生物学行为.以往,对于垂体瘤的研究主要集中在组织学和超微结构上;随着分子生物学的发展对垂体瘤的认识已有了很大的提高.本文从染色体变异、癌基因及抑癌基因的突变、转基因动物模型及基因治疗等方面综述了垂体瘤分子生物学方面研究的进展.     

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Clinical aspects

Based on clinical and pathological features a typical case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome passes through five phases: (1) febrile phase, (2) hypotensive phase, (3) oliguric phase, (4) diuretic phase and (5) convalescent phase. The major manifestations are fever, pain in the back and abdomen, flushed face, prostration, proteinuria, purpura and haemorrhage and acute renal failure. Selective right auricular haemorrhage, marked congestion and haemorrhage in the renal medulla and necrosis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are the three prominent pathological findings. The clinical severity depends upon the causative agents, namely Hantaan virus, Seoul virus and the European form in that order. Specific serological diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is made by demonstrating a rise in titre of specific immunofluorescent antibody against Hantaan and related viruses. The management is supportive, based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.     

胎儿垂体前叶激素释放的超微结构研究

本文通过5例水囊引产、不同胎龄胎儿垂体前叶超微结构研究,从形态上证明前叶激素的释放有多种方式:1.胞吐和错位胞吐;2.以胞质小块释放入血窦:有突起的细胞将突起伸入血管间隙,末端与细胞脱离形成含分泌颗粒的胞质小块,经内皮窗孔进入血窦;3、越膜渗出:分泌颗粒内容物跨越颗粒膜和细胞膜渗出细胞;4.有脑颗粒的排出;5.血窦内皮的吞噬和转运作用。[关     

Tourette综合征的神经心理和血浆催乳素含量及其关系的初步研究

本研究采用中国修订的韦氏儿童智力量表（ＷＩＳＣ－ＣＲ）、韦氏儿童记忆量表（ＷＭＳＣ－ＣＲ），艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）和Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ儿童行为量表（ＡＣＢＣ），对３９例（未用药组２２例，用药组１７例）７～１４岁Ｔｏｕｒｅｔｔｅ综合征（ＴＳ）患儿进行测试，同时采用放射免疫方法测定其血浆催乳素（ＰＲＬ）含量，并与１８例正常对照组比较。结果表明：ＴＳ患儿智力测验和记忆测验中的背数、译码和视觉再生分测验量表分低于对照组。其个性测验中的神经质（Ｎ）和精神质（Ｐ）量表Ｔ分高于对照组，掩饰性（Ｌ）量表Ｔ分低于对照组。其ＡＣＢＣ总分高于对照组。用药组的记忆商（ＭＱ）、理解记忆和累加分测验量表分低于未用药组，ＴＳ患儿的血浆催乳素含量高于对照组。相关分析表明血浆催乳素含量与ＡＣＢＣ总分和精神抑制药物如氟哌啶醇和泰必利等因素有关。我们的初步研究提示ＴＳ患儿存在不同程度的神经心理缺陷，催乳素可能参与ＴＳ发病过程，氟哌啶醇和泰必利等精神抑制药物可能对ＴＳ患儿的记忆功能有影响以及可以导致血浆催乳素分泌增加，为ＴＳ的防治干预提供了一定的理论依据。     

乳腺囊性增生病癌变过程中部分因素变化的意义

检测乳腺囊性增生病（ＦＣＤ）经不典型增生到癌变部分因素的变化。结果提示：从因明显ＦＣＤ症状活检至癌变为２～１０年；从Ⅱ级以上不典型增生到临床癌变需２～７年；癌变率为３．１％。ＦＣＤ患者存在性激素分泌调控失常，血浆雌激素和催乳素含量增加，导致上皮细胞增生。乳腺一般性增生细胞的ＤＮＡ含量和超微结构与正常乳腺上皮细胞相似；无肿瘤相关抗原及异常基因产物表达。而发生在一般性增生基础上的不典型增生则呈现细胞基因物质ＤＮＡ含量增加，部分为超４Ｃ的多倍体细胞；同时出现细胞膜和细胞核超微结构异常；雌激素受体含量增加，对性激素的依赖性和敏感性增强；部分不典型增生细胞出现胚胎性肿瘤相关抗原和异常基因产物表达。随不典型增生程度加重至乳腺癌，上述诸因素的变化趋势具有明显规律性。提示ＦＣＤ上皮细胞从一般性增生经不典型增生至乳腺癌为细胞生物学连续逐渐变化的过程。部分不典型增生细胞中具有癌倾向的细胞生物学行为异常和表型变化与乳腺癌发生密切相关。细胞核ＤＮＡ含量等异常变化及程度可作为乳腺癌前病变发展程度的客观标志     

垂体后叶素对家兔血糖、血钾影响作用实验研究

目的:本实验研究以垂体后叶素注射家兔前、后取得全血而得到血清,分为对照组和实验组来研究垂体后叶素对家兔血糖、血钾影响作用。方法:以半自动生化分析仪、日立717测定,统计学配对设计方法、t检验处理,观察对照组与实验组比较,血糖差异(P<0.01)、血钾差异(P<0.01)。结果:垂体后叶素对家兔有明显升高血糖、升高血钾作用。结论:此项实验研究为糖尿病发病原因、机理进一步探讨,提供有力依据。