针刺对女性生殖内分泌影响的实验研究

目的 :观察针刺对外周血中FSH、LH、E2 、T、P的影响。方法 :选健康育龄女性 2 8名 ,以耳穴与体穴、手法和电针相结合的方法进行治疗 ,采用自身对照 ,检测治疗前后各项指标。结果 :针刺前后FSH、LH的变化无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,而E2 、T、P的变化具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :针刺对垂体促性腺激素的分泌无明显影响 ,对卵巢性激素的分泌具有明显的抑制性效应。     

人血清催乳素的放射免疫测定

利用本室标记的人催乳素,采用非平衡温育程序,对238例正常成人血液催乳素进行了测定。不同性别、年龄组间未见明显差别,总均值18.9ng/ml,m±2SD范围0.5～37.3 ng/ml。对292例不同病理状态者血样进行了测定,Klinefelter氏综合征Sheehan氏综合征、侏儒症、糖尿病(Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型),续发性闭经、Cushing氏综合征等,血催乳素均在正常范围。男性女乳、甲状腺低功、不孕症、泌乳闭经综合征、垂体瘤等,血液催乳素显著增高。正常人在应激状态时血催乳素亦显著升高。     

变异催乳素受体Delta S2促使p53基因组蛋白甲基化

Background Prolactin （PRL） is a pituitary polypeptide hormone characterized by multiple biological actions includingstimulation of growth in the prostate and formation of secretory alveoli and stimulation of milk protein gene expression inthe mammary gland. PRL exerts its effect by dimerizing its receptor （PRLR） on the plasma membrane and regulating geneexpression through the JAK-Stat signal pathway. We have previously described a natural variant of the PRLR in which the$2 subdomain of the extracellular domain is missing （Delta S2）. Delta S2 PRLRs are dimerized in the absence of PRL andhave constitutive activity in the promotion of breast cancer cell growth. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 （EZH2）, as one of thehistone-modifying enzymes, is a key factor regulating gene expression by epigenetic modification. We hypothesized thatthese constitutive activated Delta S2 PRLRs played a pathogenic role in breast cancer in part through alterations in theexpression of EZH2 and the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 （H3K27Me3）.     

内镜经蝶入路治疗海绵窦侵袭性垂体瘤

Background Surgery of pituitary adenomas invading cavernous sinus has always been thought as a challenge due to the complex anatomical structures and high risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate endoscopic trarssphenoidal approach to pituitary adenomas invading cavernous sinus.Methods The clinical data of 22 patients who admitted to Xuanwu Hospital with pituitary adenomas invading cavernous sinus were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. To expose the surgical field sufficiently, the opening of sellar floor was exceeded the bone overlying the invaded cavernous sinus, and synthetic dura was used to repair and strengthen the sella floor for preventing the leak of cerebrospinal fluid.Results Among 22 patients, total resection was achieved in 14, subtotal resection in 5, and partial resection in 3; no patient underwent insufficient resection. Visual symptoms improved in 7 of 9 patients. In one patient diplopia disappeared.Headache was relieved to various extents in all patients. No serious complications were found. Patient＇s hospital stay ranged from 7 to 20 days.Conclusion These data suggest that the endoscopic transsphenoid approach is a safe, minimally invasive, and efficient surgical technique, which might be an important therapeutic strategy for the pituitary adenoms invading cavernous sinus.     

大鼠应激时垂体c-fos和催乳素基因表达关系的研究

目的：探讨应激刺激下,垂体是否有ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达及其与催乳素（ＰＲＬ）基因表达的关系。方法：雌性Ｗｉｓｔａｔａｒ大鼠给予禁锢应激６０ｍｉｎ,用原位杂效方法检测应激开始后１５,３０,６０,１２０,１８０ｍｉｎ时ＲＰＬ ｍＲＮＡ水平。结果：基础状态下垂体前叶ｃ－ｆｏｓ有弱表达,在禁应激开始后１５￣３０ｍｉｎ迅速增加达高峰,尔后下降,在１２０￣１８０ｍｉｎ出现第２次表达高峰,ＰＲＬ ｍＲＮＡ水平的改变与ｃ     

抑郁症患者血浆皮质醇、血浆催乳素及地塞米松抑制试验的研究

目的:从神经内分泌角度探讨抑郁症的生化病理机制。方法:采用放射免疫测定法,分别测定64例抑郁病患者和59名正常对照者血浆皮质醇、血浆催乳素的含量,并进行地塞米松抑制试验(DST)。结果:抑制症组血浆基础皮质醇水平(387±165)nmol/L高于正常对照组(269±152)nmol/L,差异具非常显著性(P<0.01),而血浆催乳素水平(336±185)nmol/L与对照组(295±136)nmol/L相比,差异性显著(P>0.05),抑郁症组DST阳性率为26%~19%与正常对照组16%~11%相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者存在神经内分泌功能紊乱。     

冷适应过程中大鼠脑垂体、下丘脑和血浆生物活性肽的变化及其对免疫功能的影响

我们采用RP-HPLC方法研究了SD纯系雄性大鼠冷适应期间脑垂体(P)、下丘脑(HT)和血浆(BP)生物活性肽变化。冷适应期间P、HT和BP肽类(MW≤30000)RP-HPLC图谱均出现一些新的肽洗脱峰。而且,所有这些肽类都能增强淋巴细胞(LC)转化活性。在P和HT肽类刺激下,脾LC[~3H]-TdR参入分别增加725 cpm(P<0.01)和1274 cpm(P<0.001)。将这些肽类进一步经Sep-Pack C_(18)柱纯化后仍分别增加[~3H]-TdR参入cpm值597(P<0.05)和333。这些结果表明了免疫系统(ImS)与神经内分泌系统(NES)双向调节环路的一个方面:NES作用于ImS。     

PTTG、p16和cyclinD1的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的通过对垂体腺瘤中垂体瘤转化基因(pituitarytumortransforminggene,PTTG)、周期素依赖激酶抑制因子p16(cyclin-de-pendentkinaseinhabitor,p16Ink4)mRNA和蛋白以及细胞周期素D1(cyclinD1)蛋白表达的检测和相关性比较,探讨PTTG、p16和cyclinD1的表达与垂体腺瘤细胞周期调控和侵袭性之间的关系。方法将30例垂体腺瘤手术标本分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用RT-PCR法检测PTTG和p16mRNA的表达,免疫组化检测PTTG、P16和cyclinD1蛋白的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组PTTG、p16和cyclinD1表达水平的差异和相关性。结果在垂体腺瘤中,p16mRNA表达缺失或低下的发生率为73.3%,以p16mRNA缺失和表达分组,PTTGmRNA的表达水平在垂体腺瘤p16mRNA缺失组和表达组之间无显著性差异;侵袭组垂体腺瘤的PTTG、cyclinD1蛋白表达较非侵袭组显著性增高;且二者表达程度呈正相关;P16蛋白的表达在侵袭组垂体腺瘤显著减低,并与PTTG和cyclinD1蛋白表达程度呈负相关。结论p16mRNA在垂体腺瘤表达的缺失或低下与垂体腺瘤侵袭性无关。PTTG、p16和cyclinD1蛋白表达的差异与细胞周期调控相关,可作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的评估指标。     

Gender differences in the expression of galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in oestrogen-induced prolactinomas of Fischer 344 rats

We have previously described a sexual dimorphism in oestrogen-induced anterior pituitary tumorigenesis in Fischer 344 rats, with female tumours averaging twice the size of those of males. Neonatal androgenization of female Fischer 344 rats with 100 micro g of testosterone propionate reverted that effect, causing a 'male-like' phenotype. The peptides galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are possible mediators of oestrogen effects on the anterior pituitary, including hyperprolactinemia and lactotroph proliferation. To further extend our previous findings, we investigated the expression of galanin and VIP in the anterior pituitary of control and oestrogenized male, female and neonatally androgenized female Fischer 344 rats. At 3 months of age, rats were deprived of their gonads and divided into control and diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated groups. In the anterior pituitary of control rats, galanin and VIP immunoreactive cells were absent. However, in DES-treated rats, pituitaries from normal ovariectomized females showed higher number of galanin and VIP positive cells than pituitaries from neonatally androgenized ovariectomized females and gonadectomized males. This pattern correlated with changes in anterior pituitary weight and serum prolactin. Our study suggests that sexual differences in oestrogen-induced pituitary tumorigenesis could be due to the differential expression of galanin and VIP. Furthermore, our data support the fact that neonatal exposure to androgens, as in normal males and androgenized females, may condition the response of the pituitary gland to oestrogens in adult life.