中药“附归参汤”修复混合菌所致小鼠输卵管炎性狭窄的病理改变

目的观察中药“附归参汤”灌胃给药后是否可改善混合菌导致的小鼠输卵管炎性狭窄的病理改变。为临床应用“附归参汤”治疗输卵管炎所致的不孕症提供实验依据。方法昆明小鼠随机分为对照组（n=10）、模型组（n=10）、模型组＋生理盐水处理组（n=10）、模型＋“附归参汤”处理组（n=20），输卵管炎性狭窄模型采用混合菌（溶血性链球菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2：1：1）输卵管接种法制作，处理组分别胃饲生理盐水和“附归参汤”30天。应用组织学方法观察各组的病理学改变，评判各处理组病理学转归情况。结果在使用混合菌接种后，小鼠输卵管管壁结构发生改变，主要包括黏膜层水肿、上皮细胞顶端纤毛变短或消失、固有层炎性细胞浸润、毛细血管充血、管腔狭窄甚至闭塞。“附归参汤”长期给药后明显使上述病理改变向正常组织转归。结论中药“附归参汤”能够修复混合菌导致的小鼠输卵管炎性狭窄的病理改变，为临床应用该药治疗输卵管炎所致的不孕症提供了实验依据。     

Detection of proteinous toxins using the Bio-Threat Alert system, part 3: effects of heat pretreatment and interfering substances

We previously reported that the Guardian Bio-Threat Alert (BTA) system could detect (detection limit: about 0.1 μg/ml) staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), botulinum toxins (BTX) A and B, and ricin, with no interference by white-powdered materials or colored matrices. In this study, the capability of the BTA system was further assessed. With 10 min of preheating at 60°C, all toxins could be detected, but with preheating at 80°C, BTX A and B and ricin became undetectable. About 20% SEB could be detected after heating at 80°C, but this detection ability was completely removed after heating at 100°C. The effects of chemicals usually used for decontamination, such as sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and sodium nitrite, on the detectability of SEB, BTX A, or ricin in the BTA system were also tested. The concentrations giving 50% line intensity for SEB, BTX A, and ricin were 3.1, 11, and 15 μM for sodium hypochlorite and 88, 210, and 60 mM for formaldehyde, respectively. The addition of hydrogen peroxide or sodium nitrite did not decrease the detectability even when used at high concentrations.     

血脂康对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白、血脂蛋白的影响

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、血脂水平变化及血脂康的干预情况。方法69例ACS患者随机分为血脂康组(40例)和常规治疗组(29例),治疗前后分别测定Hs-CRP、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);另30名健康人为对照组。结果与对照组比较,ACS患者Hs-CRP水平明显升高,且与心肌损害程度密切相关。血脂康治疗2周,能明显下调ACS患者的Hs-CRP水平。结论血清Hs-CRP水平与ACS的发生、严重程度密切相关,血脂康的抗炎作用在ACS的早期治疗中有重要意义。     

妊娠期妇女外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原学和治疗研究

目的 调查孕妇外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis，VVC)的发病率，对检出的VVC进行病原学和治疗研究。方法 连续对产科门诊1000例孕妇进行VVC发病情况调查。对分离的念珠菌进行体外抗真菌药物敏感试验。对66例VVC患者应用咪康唑栓治疗，400mg／d，6d为一疗程。结果 孕妇VVC的发病率为12．7％(127／1000)。37．4％(374／1000)的孕妇以往有VVC病史，0．6％的孕妇为复发性VVc。127例VVC中，白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌分别占87．1％、9．9％、1．5％和1．5％。有4例患者同时感染2种念珠菌。114株白念珠菌对咪康唑、克霉唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、制霉菌素耐药率依次为10．5％、2．6％、6．1％、7．9％和0。13株光滑念珠菌对咪康唑和制霉菌素均敏感，对克霉唑、伊曲康唑和氟康唑均敏感或剂量依赖敏感。应用咪康唑栓治疗的患者在治疗完成后1～2周及4～6周的病原学治愈率分别为84．8％和80．3％。结论 VVC是孕妇的常见病，白念珠菌仍然是主要致病菌，其次为光滑念珠菌。常用抗真菌药物对引起VVC的念珠菌存在不同程度的耐药率，应用咪康唑栓治疗孕妇VVC效果满意。     

久泻宁动物毒性试验研究

目的 （1）观察久泻宁一日内小鼠灌胃1～3次后的毒性反应和死亡情况，测定最大耐受量；（2）观察久泻宁给大鼠连续灌胃3个月，对机体产生的毒性反应、严重程度及可逆性，确定无毒剂量。为人拟用量提供参考。方法 （1）久泻宁小鼠灌胃，一日2～3次，观察急性毒性反应．测定最大耐受量；（2）久泻宁高、中、低三个剂量组和一个对照组，大鼠连续灌胃3个月，观察外观行为和体质量变化。试验期结束。每组取1/2动物活杀。检测血常规、血液生化、病理组织；1／2动物停药进行3周的恢复期观察后。同法检测上述指标。结果 久泻宁小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受药量为750g／kg（含生药）。相当临床日拟用量（2．5g／kg）的300倍；大鼠连续3个月灌胃给药的无毒剂量为125g／kg（含生药）．相当临床拟用量50倍。结论 久泻宁无明显毒性，安全范围大。临床日拟用量2.5g／kg、疗程1个月是安全的。     

Interleukin-18 Affects Local Cytokine Expression But Does Not Impact on the Development of Kidney Allograft Rejection

Interleukin-18 is predominantly a macrophage-derived cytokine with a key role in inflammation and cell-mediated immunity. Having previously demonstrated IL-18 upregulation in a rat model of kidney rejection, here we examined IL-18 in a fully MHC-mismatched murine model of acute kidney rejection using IL-18-deficient recipients (IL-18-/-) and animals administered neutralizing IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Gene expression of IL-18 and its receptor were significantly upregulated in allografts compared to isografts, as was the cellular infiltrate (T cells and macrophages) (p < 0.001). Allografts developed kidney dysfunction (p < 0.05) and tubulitis (p < 0.01) not observed in controls. There was a significant reduction in gene expression of IL-18 downstream pro-inflammatory molecules (iNOS, TNFalpha and IFNgamma) in IL-18-/- recipients (p < 0.01), and IL-18BP-treated animals. The CD4+ infiltrate and IL-4 mRNA expression was greater in the IL-18-/- recipients than wild-type (WT) allografts and IL-18BP-treated animals (p < 0.05), suggesting a Th2-bias which was supported by IFNgamma and IL-4 ELISPOT data and an increased eosinophil accumulation (p < 0.001). Neither IL-18 deficiency nor neutralization prevented renal dysfunction or tubulitis. This study demonstrates increased production of IL-18 in murine kidney allograft rejection and provides evidence that IL-18-induced pathways of inflammation are active. However, neither IL-18 deficiency nor neutralization was protective against the development of allograft rejection.     

Primary malignant mesodermal ovarian sarcomas

Primary malignant mesodermal ovarian sarcomas are rare tumors and have a poor prognosis. The disease is usually diagnosed at a late stage and 5-year survivals are uncommon. Most patients are treated with debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. We report ten patients treated at a single institution. All patients underwent surgery and 90% received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median survival was 20 months, and only one patient survived beyond 5 years. Newer treatment strategies are urgently needed in the management of this disease.     

基因转移FasL治疗人黑素瘤的实验研究

目的探讨体内外基因转移F as配体(F as-ligand,F asL)对恶性人黑素瘤细胞凋亡的影响。方法用携带人F asL cDNA的缺陷型重组腺病毒(A d-F asL),在体外转导两株黑素瘤细胞,并使其表达;通过流式细胞仪、RT-PCR法进行F as/F asL表达检测,TUNEL法及荧光显微镜相关凋亡检测、分析。建立人黑素瘤裸鼠模型,并对其进行体内疗效观察及病理学检查。结果流式细胞仪和RT-PCR检测两株黑素瘤细胞表面均表达F as,不表达F asL,而A d-F asL转导的两株黑素瘤细胞均能表达F asL;A d-F asL能显著诱导两株黑素瘤细胞在体外凋亡或抑制其生长。体内疗效观察黑素瘤荷瘤鼠模型治疗组瘤重(0.48±0.16)g与对照组瘤重(1.02±0.19)g相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肿瘤组织形态学检查,治疗组可见肿瘤细胞凋亡坏死区及炎性细胞浸润。结论F asL基因重组腺病毒在体内外均具有显著诱导人黑素瘤细胞凋亡的效果。     

In vivo detection of single cells by MRI.

The use of high-relaxivity, intracellular contrast agents has enabled MRI monitoring of cell migration through and homing to various tissues, such as brain, spinal cord, heart, and muscle. Here it is shown that MRI can detect single cells in vivo, homing to tissue, following cell labeling and transplantation. Primary mouse hepatocytes were double-labeled with green fluorescent 1.63-microm iron oxide particles and red fluorescent endosomal labeling dye, and injected into the spleens of recipient mice. This is a common hepatocyte transplantation paradigm in rodents whereby hepatocytes migrate from the spleen to the liver as single cells. One month later the animals underwent in vivo MRI and punctuated, dark contrast regions were detected scattered through the livers. MRI of perfused, fixed samples and labeled hepatocyte phantoms in combination with histological evaluation confirmed the presence of dispersed single hepatocytes grafted into the livers. Appropriate controls were used to determine whether the observed contrast could have been due to dead cells or free particles, and the results confirmed that the contrast was due to disperse, single cells. Detecting single cells in vivo opens the door to a number of experiments, such as monitoring rare cellular events, assessing the kinetics of stem cell homing, and achieving early detection of metastases.     

消化性溃疡病因分析

[目的]探讨幽门螺旋杆菌感染和非甾体类消炎药应用与消化性溃疡的关系．[方法]对1062例消化不良患者进行内窥镜检壹、快速尿素酶实验和血清抗幽门螺旋杆菌免疫球蛋白检验，同时记录非甾体类消炎药的应用情况，计算消化不良患者消化性溃疡发病事、幽门螺旋杆菌感染率及非甾体类消炎药应用率．[结果]溃疡发病率为29．3％，幽门螺旋杆菌感染串为37．2％，非甾体类消炎药使用率为10．0％．[结论]幽门螺旋杆菌及非甾体类消炎药相互作用干上消化道黏膜．是引发消化性溃疡的重要病因．