开展优质护理服务工程的影响因素调查

目的 了解开展优质护理服务工程的影响因素,为推进优质护理服务工程提供参考.方法 自编开展优质护理服务工程的影响因素调查表,对255名护士进行调查.结果 多数护理人员认为开展优质护理服务工程有必要、具可行性,认为基础护理很重要,但部分基础护理落实率偏低;影响优质护理服务工程的主要因素有护士心理压力大、人力资源不足、工作量...     

Accessing rural populations: role of the community pharmacist in a breast and cervical cancer screening programme

RATIONALE: Community pharmacists are one of the most frequently visited health care providers in the USA. The article describes a demonstration project which used community pharmacists to educate and enrol low to moderate income and medically under-served women into a statewide breast and cervical cancer screening programme. METHODS: The Nebraska Department of Health programme entitled, 'Every Woman Matters', funded through the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, provided no cost or low cost mammography and pap smears to eligible women. Patient enrolment packets were distributed to 91 pharmacies expressing an initial interest in participating. These were reduced to 28 pharmacies based on their commitment level during the initial 3 months of the study. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patient referrals were generated from the 28 network pharmacies; two from pharmacies in urban areas, and 112 referrals from rural sites. All referrals were from the 22 independently owned pharmacies in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the use of independent community pharmacies in the rural setting can be an effective method of recruiting women into public health programmes.     

Improving self‐care efficacy and quality of life with a self‐management program among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A quasi‐experimental study

Self‐management helps patients understand their illnesses and learn about disease‐related skills so they can better manage their situation. However, published studies on the effectiveness of self‐management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous. Quasi‐experimental design was used to investigate the effectiveness of a self‐management program in self‐care efficacy and quality of life in patients with COPD. Sixty participants who had experienced COPD were assigned to control group (usual care) or experimental group (self‐care program) (1:1 ratio) according to a purposeful sampling at a Medical Center in Taiwan. The Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, the COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Clinical COPD Questionnaire were used to analyze data. The Medical Research Council dyspnea scale was more significant improvement in the 2 months after discharge in the experimental group than in the control group. The COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale and Clinical COPD Questionnaire scores in the experimental group within 3 months after discharge were significantly improved compared with the control group. These findings demonstrate the application and initial effect of this self‐management program.     

Too far away to work with each other: Does location impact on pharmacists’ perceptions of interprofessional interactions?

In recent years, the delivery of health services has seen a shift towards interprofessional teamwork in order to effectively utilise the skills of each member of the healthcare team to deliver optimal patient care. Nevertheless, a variety of barriers, including lack of communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs), have been identified. The expanding clinical services provided by community pharmacies have increased the potential for pharmacist-HCP interaction; however, primary care pharmacy environments vary from individual distinct premises to part of interprofessional ‘health centres’. As such, one potential factor affecting interprofessional communication could be the geographical location (‘space’) of HCPs. This study sought to determine whether these different primary healthcare ‘spaces’ impact on the frequency of interprofessional interactions. An anonymous, self-complete questionnaire was sent to all community pharmacies in Wales (n = 716) to quantify the frequency of interprofessional interactions between community pharmacists and other HCPs. A response rate of 62% was achieved. Results showed that pharmacists working in pharmacies physically linked to general practitioner (GP) surgeries had significantly more frequent interaction with HCPs based within the surgeries. This suggests that housing HCPs in the same physical space will enable more interprofessional interaction, supporting the drive to improve the quality of patient care.     

适形调强放疗联合XELOX同步化疗治疗晚期食管癌疗效观察

目的探讨适形调强放疗联合奥沙利铂+卡培他滨(XELOX)同步化疗治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月至2013年12月于该院接受治疗的120例晚期食管癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(60例)和观察组(60例)。对照组患者给予适形调强放疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予XELOX同步化疗。疗程结束后,比较对照组和观察组患者近期疗效、远期疗效、血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平及毒副反应发生情况。结果疗效评价后显示,观察组近期总有效率(81.7%)明显高于对照组(63.3%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。远期疗效方面,观察组患者1年生存率(66.7%)、2年生存率(50.0%)明显高于对照组(48.3%,31.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后与对照组血清VEGF水平[(457.8±54.9)ng/L]相比,观察组患者血清VEGF水平[(401.2±50.4)ng/L]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,观察组和对照组患者Ⅰ~Ⅱ度、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎、胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制等毒副反应发生率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论适形调强放疗联合XELOX同步化疗治疗晚期食管癌疗效可靠,能够提高晚期食管癌的近期和远期疗效,明显降低血清VEGF水平,且不增加毒副反应发生率,值得临床进一步研究。     

初中生创伤现场救护培训方案的构建

[目的]设计适用于初中生的创伤现场救护培训方案,以指导培训活动的开展及解决培训中遇到的实际问题。[方法]运用归纳法构建初中生创伤现场救护培训方案,并请12位专家对其进行评审以完善培训方案。[结果]制订了基于初中生生理心理特点和知识层次的培训方案。[结论]培训方案为初中生创伤现场救护能力培养的研究提供了参考和借鉴,是对开展青少年学生急救培训的积极与有益探索。     

PIVAS 62例护理差错的原因分析与改进措施

目的提高临床用药的安全性和合理性,保障静脉用药质量安全。方法对我院静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)发生的62例护理差错进行原因分析,并提出相应的改进措施。结果护理差错主要表现在责任心不强、风险意识薄弱,临床药学知识不牢固,未认真执行查对制度及操作规程,过于追求配置速度。结论措施的落实,PIVAS配置错误的发生率明显的下降,为临床静脉用药提供了质量安全保障。     

Problem-based learning in occupational therapy curriculum – implications and challenges

Purpose: Problem-based learning (PBL) is an educational method that fosters self-directed study in small groups. The purpose of this study was to describe the Tel Aviv University’s occupational therapy (OT) program and the challenges implementing such program. In addition, the study compared the PBL grades obtained by students who are native Hebrew speakers with those students who are native Arabic speakers; and, assessed the correlation between the grades in the PBL course and the grades in the clinical fieldwork studies.

Method: 166-second year OT undergraduate students participated. All completed three PBL courses and seven weeks of clinical fieldwork studies. Data collection included students’ grades in PBL course (based on PBL evaluation forms) and in clinical fieldwork studies (based on preceptor’s evaluation and a written assignment).

Results: Pearson correlations revealed significant correlations between PBL grades and clinical fieldwork studies grades. T-test analysis between students who are native Hebrew speakers and those who are native Arabic speakers revealed significant differences in PBL grades.

Conclusions: Findings imply partial congruence between students’ grades in the PBL course and their achievements in the fieldwork studies. Findings might suggest that adjustments should be made in order to assist students from minorities (challenged by language requirements) in gaining higher grades in the PBL program.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational method, which fosters independent, self-directed study in small groups.

• PBL studies have the potential to prepare students for their clinical experience during studies.

• The PBL program should be adjusted for students from minorities (challenged by language requirements and different cultural backgrounds) in order to assist them in gaining more benefits from the program.