A flow cytometric method for the measurement of phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes

A new method for the measurement of phagocytosis of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) is described using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. We have used acridine orange to discriminate between PMN which have internalised yeast particles and those which have not. This method allows accurate measurement of particle phagocytosis as an event distinct from particle adherence. It also permits detailed examination of the kinetics of phagocytosis, the study of which is likely to be of value in the investigation of diseases where abnormalities of PMN function are suspected.     

Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Macrophage Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Vitro

Azelastine, a newly synthesized anti-allergic agent, was tested for its effects on guinea pig macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis. As specific macrophage chemo-attractants, we used macrophage chemotactic factors a and c; separated and highly purified from inflamed skin sites. Macrophage chemotaxis induced by skin extract or chemotactic factors was significantly suppressed by a low concentration of the agent (1 microgram/ml); the effect was dose-dependent. The inhibition of chemotaxis was reversible, because chemotactic activity was restored when the agents was removed by washing cells before chemotactic assay. Inactivation of chemotactic factors was not detected by mixing azelastine and factors a and c. Azelastine may directly interact with macrophages to decrease their chemotactic responsiveness. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the medium and macrophages after phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles was not affected by this agent at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml. The phagocytosis of latex particles or sheep red blood cells opsonized with IgG antibodies (EA) and anchoring of macrophages to substrate were not inhibited and azelastine did not damage the macrophages as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay.     

伤寒杆菌耐药质粒pRST98与细菌在巨噬细胞内存活关系的研究

目的　研究伤寒杆菌的不相容性C群接合性耐药质粒 pRST98对其宿主菌在巨噬细胞内存活的影响。方法　用标准系列稀释法检测 3株同源染色体伤寒杆菌———含 pRST98的野生型伤寒菌株STpRST98、经SDS人工消除pRST98的突变体菌株ST(R-)及 pRST98重新导入突变体的接合子 pRST98/ST(R-) ,研究它们在BALB/c小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞M J774A .1内的存活情况。结果　巨噬细胞吞噬后 6 0min内大多数待检菌被杀死 ,但 pRST98宿主菌在巨噬细胞内的活菌数明显高于无此质粒的菌株 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　pRST98能提高其宿主菌在巨噬细胞内的存活能力。     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白对急性川崎病患儿淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

通过观察静脉注射免疫球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ）对川崎病（ＫＤ）患儿淋巴细胞凋亡（ＡＰＯ）的影响，进一步探讨ＩＶＩＧ对免疫性疾病的作用机理。对２６例川崎病患儿和２０名健康儿童外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）经抗－ＣＤ３单克隆抗体刺激培养不同时间（０，１２，２４，４８，７２小时）ＡＰＯ百分率和ＤＮＡ片断化分析，２６例患儿随机分为两组，阿司匹林＋ＩＶＩＧ治疗组（ｎ＝１６）和阿司匹林治疗组（ｎ＝１０），并对ＰＢＭＣ经植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）刺激淋巴细胞增殖反应进行了观察。结果：ＫＤ患儿ＡＰＯ百分率和ＤＮＡ片断化较正常儿童明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）和延迟；ＩＶＩＧ治疗后，降低的ＡＰＯ百分率和延迟的ＤＮＡ片断化被逆转，同时与单用阿司匹林组比较，临床症状明显改善。淋巴细胞增殖反应下调（Ｐ＜０．００１）。外周血淋巴细胞ＡＰＯ下调可能参与了ＫＤ的发病。ＩＶＩＧ治疗ＫＤ的机理可能部分归于对被抑制的淋巴细胞ＡＰＯ的逆转。ＩＶＩＧ对其它淋巴细胞凋亡不足的自身免疫性疾病治疗可能存在同样机理。     

地塞米松对小梁细胞粘附及吞噬功能的影响

目的：探讨地塞米松对小梁细胞的粘附及吞噬功能的影响。方法：不同浓度地塞米松(10^-7M，10^-6M，10^-5M)处理体外培养的牛眼小梁细胞3d，消化、漂洗后加入用不同的细胞外基质(Extracellular matrix，ECM)包被的培养板中，37℃孵育90min后．采用甲基噻唑基四唑(Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium，MW)法测定各组吸光度值反应粘附细胞的量；另外，以乳胶微球为标记，观察不同浓度的地塞米松对小梁细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果：与对照组比较，三种浓度的地塞米松均对小梁细胞与ECM粘附有抑制作用．且呈浓度依赖性；对小梁细胞的吞噬功能亦呈现浓度依赖性抑制作用。结论：地塞米松对小梁细胞的粘附及吞噬功能有抑制作用，抑制小梁细胞的粘附及吞噬功能可能是皮质类固醇性青光眼的发病原因之一。     

Heme oxygenase1 (HSP-32) is induced in myelin-phagocytosing Schwann cells of injured sciatic nerves in the rat

Schwann cells participate in myelin phagocytosis in the early stage of Wallerian degeneration, prior to the recruitment of macrophages. This is the first report that Schwann cells induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a 32-kDa heat shock protein, only when they have transformed into myelin-phagocytosing cells from myelinating cells (days 2-3) immediately after crush injury of rat sciatic nerves. Double immunofluorescent labelling for HO-1 and transferrin receptors revealed that HO-1-immunoreactive Schwann cells also expressed transferrin receptors suggesting activation of iron metabolism. The transient induction of HO-1 in Schwann cells may contribute to the adaptive function in an altered environment when the cells have lost contact with axons, and may play a crucial role in the ensuing regeneration.     

九头狮子草对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究九头狮子草对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：采用小鼠碳廓清实验和血清溶血素测定法，观察九头狮子草对小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、溶血素抗体生成的影响。结果：九头狮子草可激活小鼠网状内皮系统，增加小鼠血清溶血素含量。结论：九头狮子草具有一定增强机体免疫力的作用。     

眼镜蛇蛇毒因子与大鼠中性白细胞吞噬功能减退的量效研究

:研究中华眼镜蛇的蛇毒因子(CVF)与中性白细胞吞噬功能的量效关系及CVF在非协调性异种心脏移植应用中的意义。方法:①用不同剂量的CVF腹膜腔内注射(i.p.)SD大鼠,测定大鼠血液中性白细胞噬菌率;②经CVFi.p.处理后大鼠进行颈部豚鼠—大鼠异种心脏移植,然后测定移植前后大鼠不同时点的血液中性白细胞噬菌率。结果:①CVF能使大鼠血液中性白细胞噬菌功能减退,并呈量效关系;②经CVF处理的大鼠移植后无发生超急排斥反应(HAR),且血液中性白细胞噬菌率明显减退,至术后3d内仍未恢复。结论:①CVF有抑制中性白细胞噬菌功能,且呈量效关系;②CVF可抑制非协调性异种心脏移植的HAR,测定中性白细胞噬菌功能是一种简便测定CVF体内抗补体活性的方法。     

复方高渗NaCl溶液治疗小鼠S_(180)的疗效及免疫状态观察

将S_(180)瘤组织接种于小鼠大腿外侧皮下.第6天时,用复方高渗NaCl溶液向治疗组小鼠肿瘤的边缘、基底和内部注射。对照组动物肿瘤不给任何注射。到接种后第13天(治疗组治疗后第7天)测定T淋巴细胞量、巨噬细胞吞噬功能及Fc受体活性,两组相比差异非常显著(P<0.01)。治疗组治愈率为86.7％,1个月存活率为93.4％.对照组无一自愈,94％在20天内死亡。     

Magnesium treatment of diuretic-induced hyponatremia with a preliminary report of a new aldosterone-antagonist.

Long-term diuretic treatment of patients with congestive heart failure is often complicated by hyponatremia and resistance to diuretic treatment, as well as by hypokalemia. Less widely recognized is the increase in intracellular sodium in the presence of hyponatremia, and loss of magnesium, caused by sustained diuretic therapy. Because the sodium pump, which maintains intracellular sodium and potassium against a concentration gradient, is dependent on optimal magnesium levels, we have investigated the influence of magnesium infusions on serum and skeletal muscle levels of sodium and potassium in congestive heart failure patients with electrolyte disturbances. Because aldosteronism, such as accompanies the disease and diuretic treatment, increases intracellular sodium, we have measured intracellular sodium and potassium in six patients given a new aldosterone antagonist (canrenone). It lowered the muscle sodium and raised the muscle potassium and magnesium, and slightly raised the serum sodium. The magnesium infusions, given to eight patients, significantly increased the serum sodium and lowered the muscle sodium levels, and normalized both serum and subnormal muscle potassium levels.