New approach to management of intraaortic balloon pumps in patients with peripheral vascular disease: Case reports of four patients requiring urgent IABP insertion

Four selected cases of emergent IABP insertion in PV patients are presented. After angiographic documentation of critical iliac stenosis, conservative peripheral angioplasty was performed prior to IABP insertion. No patient experienced a peripheral ischemic event associated with IABP use. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经皮附睾穿刺取精精子冷冻复苏后卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗无精子症的初步研究

目的:回顾性分析27例无精子症患者经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)所获精子冷冻复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗后的效果及妊娠结局。方法:将诊断性附睾穿刺以及PESA治疗周期ICSI后所剩余活精子以常规方法加以冷冻,将复苏后找到了足量活精子并行ICSI的病例归为冻精组,而采用新鲜PESA活精子ICSI的病例则归为对照组。比较冻精组与对照组的受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率,同时分析两组间的妊娠并发症、新生儿出生及畸形等情况。结果:冻精组15个周期、对照组100个周期分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子163、1 157个,受精率冻精组显著高于对照组(84.05%vs73.29%,P<0.05),种植率、临床妊娠率则两组间差异无显著性(23.07%vs15.73%;53.33%vs37.00%,P>0.05),新生儿出生体重差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。冻精组共妊娠8例,已分娩5例,继续妊娠3例。对照组妊娠37例,已分娩30例,1例死胎;继续妊娠3例;流产4例。两组均未出现重大的妊娠并发症及新生儿畸形。结论:采用PESA冷冻精子ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的一种经济、有效、安全的方法;但PESA冻精复苏率有待于进一步提高。     

微创经皮钢板骨桥接术联合锁定加压钛板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板骨桥接术（minimallyi nvasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis，MIPPO）联合锁定加压钛板（locking compression plate，LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折的近期疗效。方法2004年6月～2006年3月采用MIPPO联合LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折16例，AO分型：43A1型7例，43A3型5例，43B1型2例，43C3型2例。采用3种方法复位胫骨骨折后插入LCP，用锁定螺钉固定。结果16例随访5～20个月，平均11，5月。16例切口一期愈合，骨折无延迟愈合、畸形愈合、断钉、断板等并发症。术后X线检查4～12周（平均7．6周）骨痂形成并开始部分负重，8～20周骨性愈合（平均16周），此时开始完全负重。3例出现胫骨远端内植物局部不适。根据美国足踝骨科学会评分系统对踝关节功能评分，优14例（87．5％），良2例（12，5％）。结论MIPPO具有创伤小、固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼等优点，近期疗效满意，是治疗胫骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

Spontaneous migration of an inferior vena cava filter resulting in cardiac tamponade and percutaneous filter retrieval.

Thromboembolic disease accounts for thousands of hospitalizations every year in the US. Its primary management consists of anticoagulation. However, in certain instances this may be contraindicated or not sufficient. Mechanic occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) becomes then a viable alternative. In this case a 35-year-old man presented with a saddle pulmonary embolus but was unable to be anticoagulated due to intestinal bleed. A removable IVC filter was then placed. The filter spontaneously migrated into the right atrium causing severe tricuspid regurgitation, perforation of the atrial wall, and cardiac tamponade. The device was successfully retrieved percutaneously and the patient discharged from the hospital in stable condition. This case illustrates the potentially lethal complications associated with the use of IVC filters, as well as the possibility to percutaneously recover them from within the right atrium.     

New Insights into the Pathogenesis and the Therapy of Recurrent Focal Glomerulosclerosis

Recurrent focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in renal allografts has remained a frustrating and enigmatic disease. Recent studies on gene mutations encoding podocin and other components of the slit-diaphragm in patients with native kidney nephrotic syndrome have underscored the heterogenecity of the idiopathic form of FSGS. While familial FSGS rarely recurs following transplantation, the sporadic variety of FSGS is associated with a 30% recurrence rate. The patients with the sporadic variety of FSGS who have homozygous or complex heterozygous podocin mutations have a low recurrence rate. In the other patients with sporadic FSGS, a more complex and likely multifactorial etiology accounts for the recurrence of FSGS. The role of CD80 expression on podocytes is intriguing but requires confirmation in kidney biopsies of patients with recurrent FSGS. Recent findings on podocin genomics, the permeability factor and CD80 expression may ultimately lead to a better understanding of recurrent FSGS as well as a more effective approach to its prevention and treatment.     

经皮气管切开术在危重症患者中的临床应用

目的总结近年来我科经皮气管切开术在临床应用时遇到的困难及教训。方法应用PT技术21例,并与常规气管切开术32例作对照研究。结果PT可明显缩短手术时间、减少术中及术后的出血量且创伤小,拔管后切口愈合快。结论PT是危重患者快速建立长久人工气道的好方法,患者痛苦小,两者并发症的发生无明显差别,但PT不能完全取代正规气管切开术。     

3种微创手术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石(URSL)联合体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)、微创经皮肾镜取石(mini-PCNL)、后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(RLU)治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法153例复杂性输尿管上段结石患者按治疗方法分为三组:URSL联合ESWL(联合组)治疗60例,mini-PCNL治疗65例,RLU治疗28例。结果联合组有5例转开放手术取石,余50例患者平均手术时间(65.45±16.39)min,术后并发症发生率为23.64%(13/55),1个月后结石清除率为90.91%(50/55)。mini-PCNL组无中转,平均手术时间(50.38±12.91)min,术后并发症发生率为9.23%(6/65),1个月后结石清除率为100%。RLU组有2例转开放取石,平均手术时间(81.73±17.89)min,术后并发症发生率为15.38%(4/26),1个月后结石清除率为100%(26/26)。mini-PCNL组的手术时间、术后住院时间均显著短于联合组和RLU组;并发症发生率明显低于联合组;1个月后结石清除率明显高于联合组。结论mini-PCNL治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、术后并发症少、恢复快的优点。     

大鼠壁胸膜通透性的电镜观察

目的观察大鼠壁胸膜的通透性，胸膜腔内物质的吸收途径。方法向大鼠胸膜腔内注射示踪剂，应用光镜、透射电镜方法观察壁胸膜的物质吸收途径以及壁胸膜间皮的形态变化。结果壁胸膜表面覆盖一层连续的间皮细胞，间皮细胞按形态可分为立方形和扁平形问皮细胞，立方形间皮细胞下的结缔组织内存在大量的毛细淋巴管。由毛细淋巴管内皮细胞突起穿过间皮下结缔组织与问皮细胞相连接而形成的间皮孔，是物质吸收的主要途径。结论壁胸膜通过三种途径吸收物质：①间皮孔的吸收作用；②问皮细胞的吞噬作用；③通过问皮细胞间裂隙吸收。     

In Vivo Skin Penetration of Acitretin in Volunteers Using Three Sampling Techniques

Etretinate and acitretin are given orally to treat psoriasis and various keratinization disorders. Acitretin, the main active metabolite of etretinate, has the pharmacokinetic advantage of being rapidly eliminated, but it shares etretinate's toxicologic profile. Thus a topical delivery of acitretin with no or reduced systemic adverse effects is desirable. To characterize the therapeutic potential of topically delivered acitretin, we quantitatively assessed its percutaneous penetration in healthy human volunteers. Additionally, three skin sampling techniques, the punch biopsy, the shave biopsy, and the suction blister technique, were validated to quantitate acitretin in the skin. The results suggest that topical delivery of acitretin renders skin concentrations which exceed those reported after oral administration of etretinate or acitretin. However, because of possible interlaminate drug contamination, drug localization within a particular skin compartment cannot be determined.