丁螺环酮与帕罗西汀联合治疗抑郁症的临床研究

目的探讨丁螺环酮与帕罗西汀联合治疗抑郁症的疗效。方法符合ICD-10或CCMD-3抑郁症诊断标准的门诊和住院病人79例，随机分成两组，分别用丁螺环酮联合帕罗西汀和单用帕罗西汀治疗6周，采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定疗效，用副反应量表（TESS）评定副反应。结果6周末联合组HAMD和HAMA评分低于单用组。在第2周末、第6周末联合组的HAMD和HAMA的平均减分率高于单用组。两组间的副反应情况相仿。结论丁螺环酮联合帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效优于单用帕罗西汀。     

Mirtazapine versus paroxetine in panic disorder: an open study

Introduction

Open studies suggest that mirtazapine has efficacy in panic disorder treatment. We designed an open study that evaluates changes induced by mirtazapine compared with paroxetine in panic disorder.

Methodology

Patients 18–65 years old consecutively referred to a psychiatry liaison service with panic disorder (DSM-IV criteria) were offered either mirtazapine or paroxetine treatment.

Results

There were statistically significant reductions from baseline to week 3 and from week 3 to 8 for mirtazapine and paroxetine groups for: number of panic attacks, Beck Anxiety or Depression Inventory (BAI, BDI) Clinical Global Impresion (CGI) of panic disorder severity and CGI of panic disorder response (these variables were evaluated by the patient, the clinician or a blind evaluator). Responders at week 3 (BAI decrease of 50%) were 83% for the mirtazapine group and 84% for the paroxetine group. Responders at week 8 (number of panic attacks equal to 0) were 77% for the mirtazapine group and 73% for the paroxetine group Statistically significant differences between mirtazapine and paroxetine were found for number of panic attacks at weeks 3 and 8 and BAI at week 3, suggesting a faster response for mirtazapine. Responders at week 8 maintained a no recurrence figure of 95% at follow-up 6 months later. Panic disorder either with or without comorbid depression improved in both groups of treatment.

Discussion

Our study supports the hypothesis that mirtazapine has efficacy in the treatment of panic disorder either with or without comorbid depression.     

四逆散冻干粉改善大鼠睡眠作用机制研究

目的研究四逆散冻干粉改善大鼠睡眠作用机制。方法按照随机数表法将SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、阴性对照组、阳性对照组、四逆散冻干粉组,混合物组,每组10只。阴性对照组的大鼠灌胃0. 9%Na Cl;阳性对照组的大鼠灌胃盐酸帕罗西汀溶液4. 2 mg·kg^-1;四逆散冻干粉组的大鼠灌胃四逆散冻干粉水煎液2. 41 g·kg^-1;混合物组灌胃混合物(辛弗林-芍药苷-柴胡皂苷C-甘草次酸=8. 5∶1. 0∶1. 5∶6. 5) 206 mg·kg^-1。每日灌胃1次,连续给药1周。用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定脑脊液移行成分。结果四逆散冻干粉在脑脊液中除戊巴比妥钠成分外,并无血中移行成分的进入;给予四逆散冻干粉后,脑脊液中成分峰面积约是空白脑脊液峰面积的12. 5倍;血清中四逆散的移行成分(辛弗林、芍药苷、柴胡皂苷C、甘草次酸)均可以使脑脊液中该内源性物质峰面积高于空白脑脊液峰面积,但不如四逆散整方作用;混和物组增高脑脊液中内源性物质峰面积是四逆散组的3. 2倍,该内源性物质是5-羟色胺。结论四逆散冻干粉是通过促进脑脊液中内源性物质5-羟色胺的分泌达到改善睡眠作用的。     

Are there advances in pharmacotherapy for panic disorder? A systematic review of the past five years

Introduction: Several effective medications are available for treating panic disorder (PD). However, outcomes are unsatisfactory in a number of patients, suggesting the usefulness of expanding the array of antipanic drugs and improving the quality of response to current recommended treatments.

Areas covered: The authors have performed an updated systematic review of pharmacological studies (phase III onwards) to examine whether advances have been made in the last five years. Only four studies were included. D-cycloserine no longer seemed promising as a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) enhancer. Some preliminary findings concerning the optimization of recommended medications deserved consideration, including: the possibility that SSRIs are more effective than CBT alone in treating panic attacks, combined therapy is preferable when agoraphobia is present, and clonazepam is more potent than paroxetine in decreasing panic relapse.

Expert opinion: Given the lack of novel treatments, expanding a personalized approach to the existing medications seems to be the most feasible strategy to improve pharmacotherapy outcomes regarding PD. Recent technological progress, including wearable devices collecting real-time data, ‘big data’ platforms, and application of machine learning techniques might help make outcome prediction more reliable. Further research on previously promising novel treatments is also recommended.     

帕罗西汀与达帕西汀的对比，治疗早泄的新的选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂

达帕西汀氢氯化物是一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,也是第一种被批准可以按需服用治疗早泄的药物。本文目的为研究按需服用达帕西汀（30mg和H60mg）和每日服用帕罗西汀（20mg）对早泄的疗效。研究募集了150名患者进行了长达1个月的研究。患者被分成3组,每组50人。第一组按需服用达帕西汀30mg。第二组按需服用达帕西汀60mg。第三组每日服用帕罗西汀20mg。治疗结束后,我们的结果检测值相对于基准阴道内射精潜伏期（IELT）延长了。与基准IELT相比,帕罗西汀组、30mg达帕西汀组和60mg达帕西汀组的治疗后IELT分别延长了117％（P〈0．01）,117％（P〈0．01）和170％（P〈0．01）。30mg达帕西汀组和帕罗西汀组的IELT增幅相同（P〉0．05）,而60mg达帕西汀组的IELT增幅明显高于30mg达帕西汀组（P〈0．05和帕罗西汀组P〈0．01）。性交前1～3小时服用达帕西汀60mg是针对早泄的非常有效的治疗方法。然而,与当前普遍使用的帕罗西汀相比,达帕西汀30mg疗效并不显著。     

帕罗西汀与其他选择性5-HT再摄取抑制药疗效及安全性的meta分析

目的 评价帕罗西汀与其他选择性5-HT再摄取抑制药的疗效及安全性。方法 计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、ISI数据库、中国知网（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方数字化期刊数据库,纳入帕罗西汀与其他选择性5-HT再摄取抑制药疗效及安全性随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）、系统评价和meta分析文献,对纳入文献的RCTs进行方法学质量评价和meta分析,参考纳入文献的系统评价和meta分析结论。结果 帕罗西汀与其他选择性5-HT再摄取抑制药疗效及安全性对比分析共纳入15个RCTs。2组抗抑郁总有效率差异有统计学意义（OR=1.45,95%CI=1.01~2.09,P=0.04）;治疗2周和6周后HAMD评分差异有统计学意义（MD=-2.04,95%CI=-2.59~-1.49,P<0.000 01;MD=-0.69,95%CI=-1.18~-0.21,P=0.005）;治疗6周后药物不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义（OR=0.88,95%CI=0.78~0.99,P=0.04）。结论 与其他选择性5-HT再摄取抑制药相比较,帕罗西汀的总有效率及起效速度较低,不良反应发生率较高,其不再推荐为一线抗抑郁药。     

帕罗西汀和西酞普兰对急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍的不同预防作用

利用急性强迫游泳(FST)以及单次延长的应激(single-prolonged stress,SPS)模型分别模拟急性应激障碍(ASD)和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),利用FST中不动时间作为应激障碍指标,评价两种5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)帕罗西汀或西酞普兰对ASD和PTSD可能的预防作用。大鼠经过或不经过SPS处理(包括2h束缚,20min FST,休息15min后乙醚麻醉至意识丧失)后,每天通过饮用水给予不同剂量的帕罗西汀(20或40mg/kg)、西酞普兰(20或30mg/kg)或者正常进食水,连续14d后进行20minFST,计算该期限内每5min的不动时间,进行统计学分析,观察帕罗西汀和西酞普兰对动物行为的影响。SPS14d后大鼠的不动时间显著延长(0~5min:P<0.05,vs正常大鼠;5~10min:P<0.01,vs正常大鼠)。连续给予14d20mg/kg帕罗西汀显著缩短动物的不动时间(0~5、5~10和10~15min:P<0.05,vsSPS大鼠)。40mg/kg帕罗西汀以及20/30mg/kg西酞普兰显著缩短0~5min内的不动时间(P<0.05,vsSPS大鼠),但对其余时间点的不动时间没有影响(P>0.05,vsSPS大鼠),相反,40mg/kg帕罗西汀预处理还导致动物在15~20min内的不动时间显著延长。正常大鼠经过14d帕罗西汀或西酞普兰预处理后,0~5和5~10min的不动时间与饮用水对照相比没有显著差异。我们的实验结果提示较低临床剂量帕罗西汀和西酞普兰都可以用于预防ASD,较低剂量帕罗西汀预防PTSD的效果明显好于西酞普兰,同时我们的实验结果还提示对于ASD或PTSD的预防来说,增大抗抑郁药物的剂量,并不一定能取得期望的增加的疗效。     

米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的：探讨米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将78例抑郁症患者随机分为两组,分别口服米氮平和帕罗西汀治疗,观察8周。治疗前后采用汉密顿抑郁量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应。结果治疗后两组汉密顿抑郁量表评分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0．01）,米氮平组治疗第1周末较帕罗西汀组下降更显著（P＜0．01）,治疗8周末米氮平组显效率为74．4％、总有效率为92．3％,帕罗西汀组分别为71．8％、94．9％,两组比较差异无显著性（χ2＝0．07、0．21,P＞0．05）。治疗后两组不良反应均轻微,发生率比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效显著,总体疗效相当,但米氮平较帕罗西汀起效更快,更有利于增加患者早期的治疗信心,提高患者的生活质量。     

米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的：探讨米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法将80例抑郁症患者随机分为米氮平组和帕罗西汀组,每组40例,分别口服米氮平和帕罗西汀治疗,观察6周。于治疗前后采用汉密顿抑郁量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应。结果治疗后两组汉密顿抑郁量表评分均较治疗前有显著下降（P＜0．01）,同期两组评分比较差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）;治疗6周末,米氮平组显效率92．5％,总有效率97．5％;帕罗西汀组分别为90．0％、97．5％,两组显效率、总有效率差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。两组不良反应均轻微,米氮平组嗜睡、食欲增加、体质量增加发生率显著高于帕罗西汀组,合并苯二氮艹卓类药物应用率显著低于帕罗西汀组（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论米氮平与帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症疗效显著,安全性高,依从性好,可作为治疗老年抑郁症的首选药物在临床推广应用。     

新型抗抑郁药物的药物相互作用

新型抗抑郁药物的联合治疗及其与其他药物的联合应用可引起经细胞色素P450酶介导的多种药物的药动学改变,药物相互作用研究对临床合理用药具有重要意义。本文综述新型抗抑郁药物的药物相互作用,以期为临床用药提供参考。