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101.
Phillip Adams 《Genetic epidemiology》1994,11(1):87-98
Two programs have been developed to manage linkage analysis data. The first program, LABMAN, is a comprehensive laboratory data management system organizing pedigrees, blood DNA samples, DNA markers, Southern blot or polyacrylamide gels, autoradiographs, and marker-allele typings generated from these samples. Output includes mendelization checks for genetic incompatibilities in typings and formatted files ready for linkage analysis. LABMAN can also compress highly polymorphic allele systems into smaller allele systems facilitating analysis of large systems. The second program, LINKMAN, provides data management for lod score output from linkage analyses. It reads linkage analysis output files, calculates lod scores by family, associates lod scores with specific marker and family identifiers, and stores these data in a database where they can be combined with lod scores from previous analyses. LINKMAN easily incorporates any of a wide variety of genetic models. It produces formatted output of lod scores by user-specified criteria for reports or as ASCII files for input to other programs. If desired, tests of homogeneity of linkage across families can be run via the HOMOG program [Ott, 1991] and their output included in reports. The programs include features critical for conducting genome searches of complex diseases: They are easy-to-use, well-tested, and reliable. Data from multi-center investigations can be easily combined for analysis. Moreover, they include extensive error-checking capabilities, and they are specifically set up to protect blindness between laboratory workers and data analysts. LABMAN and LINKMAN are currently available free of charge under DOS. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
102.
Anterior lumbar fusion using a hybrid interbody graft 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary This is a radiographic report of 40 patients (20 men, 20 women) who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusions (73 levels)
utilizing a “hybrid” interbody graft composed of femoral cortical allograft (FCA) bone and iliac crest cancellous autograft
bone. The average age at surgery was 38 years (range 17–64 years), and follow-up averaged 1.4 years (range 1.0–2.4 years).
Nineteen of the patients had undergone previous lumbar surgery. Thirty-two patients (63 levels) underwent anterior fusion
combined with some type of posterior fixation, and eight patients (10 levels) had no posterior fixation. Types of posterior
fixation included: for 20 patients (36 levels) Steffee variable screw placement fixation, for 10 patients (23 levels) translaminar
facet screws (TFS), for 1 patient (3 levels) Knodt rods and for 1 patient (1 level) facet screws. Based on the persistence
of lucent lines at the graft-host interface, three patients (one level each) were felt to have non-unions at their latest
follow-ups at 1.4, 1.5 and 2.0 years, respectively. Two of these patients had no posterior fixation, and the other had TFS
fixation. The overall fusion rate was 96% (70 of 73 levels). The fusion rate for all levels treated with posterior fixation
was 98% compared with 75% for those without fixation. Intervertebral disc heights (IVDH) were measured on all films and corrected
for magnification with computer assistance. On average, the IVDH was increased postoperatively but returned to preoperative
values at follow-up. IVDH loss was independent of the type of instrumentation used. No complications arose from the use of
the hybrid graft. Incorporation of the allograft portion of the graft is slow and was felt to be complete in only 7 of the
73 levels at follow-up. We conclude that the hybrid interbody graft technique is a safe and reliable method for performing
anterior lumbar interbody fusions and should be combined with some type of posterior fixation. Long-term follow-up will be
required to assess the behaviour of the allograft until incorporation is complete. 相似文献
103.
Summary The delayed onset of symptomatic pain following lumbar discography (with no immediate pain response) is described in six patients,
five with a minimum 2-year follow-up. It is usually seen in patients with nearly normal disc morphology who have incomplete
or discrete annular tears that are not filled at the time of injection. Later (2–12 h in this study), dye leakage occurs through
these lesions, thereby precipitating the discogenic pain This phenomenon may be missed and is probably more common than previously
believed due to early discharge from the hospital, the patient expecting discomfort after the invasive study (hence no complaint
is made), and the clinician being unaware of this delayed symptom, thereby not asking about it in follow-up. Close patient
questioning regarding a delayed onset of symptomatic pain after discography is, therefore, an essential element in diagnostic
information following this study. 相似文献
104.
105.
Philip Harber Laura Pea Paul Hsu Elizabeth Billet Deborah Greer Katty Kim 《American journal of industrial medicine》1994,25(4):519-526
Back pain among nurses is a common problem. Prior studies of this problem have been based on cross-sectional or retrospective data. This 18-month prospective study involving nurses newly graduated from nursing school investigated personal, worksite, and training factors associated with future risk of back pain. Each nurse underwent a preliminary interview and periodic follow-ups to identify those with back injuries. Contingency tables and logistic regression analyses demonstrated that prior significant back pain episodes (evidenced by previous job changes because of back pain, frequent medication use, etc.) were associated with increased future risk. Training at nursing school or on the job did not have a protective effect. This pilot study therefore suggests factors useful in placement and counseling of new nurses and indicates the need for further implementation of mechanical lift assist device use. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
106.
107.
162例气管插管患者的气道管理 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
笔者通过报道162例气管插管患者的气道管理,阐述痰痂形成的原因:(1)气道干燥,湿化不够。(2)吸痰管插入深度不够,吸痰不彻底。管理措施:(1)用金霉素眼膏润滑吸痰管,使之易于插入,保证吸痰管插入深度超过插管远端3-5cm。(2)预防气道干燥,注重湿化效果,重视吸痰环节。认为气囊不需定时放气,只需不定时调整气囊压力。 相似文献
108.
大型医院病案信息化的管理与实践 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
病案作为医学临床信息的重要载体,只有将其进行海量存储、快速查阅、远程传输,使之活跃起来,才能真正地满足医疗、教学、科研和管理的需要。将传统的纸质病案进行扫描后保存为光盘,并存入光盘镜像服务器中,实现了网上实时访问、检索、查询、浏览和传输功能,并可以利用病案管理软件进行相应的统计和分析。为医疗信息资源进一步开发和利用,探索了一条大型医院病案信息化管理的有效途径。 相似文献
109.
110.
Industrial back belts and low back pain: Mechanisms and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The recent increased utilization of industrial back belts as personal protective equipment in the workplace has generated considerable controversy among occupational health and safety professionals in the United States. The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding proposed mechanisms of action of these devices and studies related to outcome of belt utilization in the prevention of low back pain and disability in the workplace. At the present time, neither the suspected mechanisms of action nor the efficacy of these devices in the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of work-related low back pain has been adequately demonstrated in clinical trials. As a result, generally accepted guidelines regarding the safe use of belts in the occupational setting have not been established. Based on this review it is recommended that further well-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices as personal protective equipment. During the interim, the decision to prescribe belts to employees in the workplace should be at the discretion of an adequately trained occupational health care provider. These devices should not be provided as an alternative to appropriate administrative and/or engineering controls. 相似文献