Selenium modulates β‐cyfluthrin‐induced liver oxidative toxicity in rats

This study was designed to investigate the possibility of β‐cyfluthrin to induce oxidative stress and biochemical perturbations in rat liver and the role of selenium in alleviating its toxic effects. Male Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven each, group I served as control, group II treated with selenium (200 µg/kg BW), group III received β‐cyfluthrin (15 mg/kg BW, 1/25 LD₅₀), and group IV treated with β‐cyfluthrin plus selenium. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 30 days. The administration of β‐cyfluthrin caused elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). A decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content was also observed. Liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were decreased, whereas lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased. Selenium in β‐cyfluthrin‐induced liver oxidative injury of the rats modulated LPO, CAT, SOD, GSH, GST, GPx, and GR. Also, liver AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH were maintained near normal level due to selenium treatment. It is concluded that selenium scavenges reactive oxygen species and render a protective effect against β‐cyfluthrin toxicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1323–1329, 2014.     

硫化氢对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织氧化应激的影响

目的：观察硫化氢（H2 S）对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织氧化应激的影响。方法40只健康雄性 SD 大鼠,随机分为假手术（Sham）组、缺血模型（Ischemia）组、H2 S 低剂量（L-NaHS）组、H2 S 中剂量（M-NaHS）组和 H2 S 高剂量（H-NaHS）组。线栓法复制大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型。H2 S 低、中、高剂量组大鼠于缺血3 h 时分别腹腔注射0.7 mg/ kg、1.4 mg/ kg 和2.8 mg/ kg 的 NaHS,Sham 组和 Ischemia 组注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。5组大鼠均于缺血24 h 时断头取脑,测定脑组织中丙二醛（ MDA）的含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）的活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性;透射电镜观察脑组织的病理变化。结果与 Sham 组比较,Ischemia 组大鼠脑组织 SOD、GSH-PX 活性明显降低（ P ﹤0.01）,MDA 含量明显升高（ P ﹤0.01）;电镜观察显示神经元水肿,线粒体膜肿胀、线粒体嵴断裂甚至消失,线粒体大量空泡化,细胞器的数量减少;与 Ischemia 组比较,M-NaHS、H-NaHS 组大鼠脑组织中 SOD、GSH-PX活性明显升高（ P ﹤0.05）,MDA 含量明显降低（ P ﹤0.05）;电镜观察可见神经元轻度水肿,线粒体部分肿胀、内外膜结构清晰、部分嵴断裂消失,细胞器数量增多,脑缺血损伤程度明显减轻。结论 H2 S 可减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤,其机制与提高大鼠的抗氧化应激能力有关。     

CuBr2/O2促进N-芳基-β-烯胺酯分子内氧化环合反应构建2,3-二取代吲哚

吲哚类化合物作为一类具有广泛生物和药理活性的有机分子,其合成研究具有重要的价值。而通过N-芳基烯胺的分子内氧化偶联反应构建吲哚类化合物成为合成吲哚类化合物最直接、高效的方法之一,得到合成化学家的广泛关注。基于此,本文发展以便宜的二价铜盐(CuBr2)、绿色氧化剂(O2)和吡啶作为配体共同促进的N-芳基-β-烯胺酯的分子内氧化环合反应,以58%~94%的收率成功地合成一系列2,3-二取代的吲哚类化合物,并对其进行核磁共振氢谱和碳谱表征。该合成策略为吲哚类化合物的合成提供了新的方法。     

抗氧化肽AOP_1对小鼠皮肤烫伤创面愈合修复的影响

目的探究抗氧化肽AOP_1促进小鼠皮肤烫伤创面愈合修复的作用及机制。方法选用DCFH-DA检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的变化;通过细胞增殖与迁移实验检测药物毒性及对创面愈合的影响。采用直径1 cm铜柱80℃水浴2min、紧贴小鼠皮肤10 s的方法制备烫伤模型,观察烫伤创面愈合情况;并用HE和Masson三色染色观察AOP_1对皮肤烫伤创面愈合修复的作用;检测小鼠全皮组织中MDA含量和SOD活性。结果在细胞水平上,抗氧化肽AOP_1能够明显降低HaCaT和L929细胞内ROS的含量,促进细胞迁移和增殖。与对照组相比,AOP_1组小鼠皮肤创面愈合时间短、愈合率高,结痂面积小,可明显降低烫伤创伤组织中炎症反应及MDA的含量;HE和Masson染色也证实了AOP_1对烫伤创面愈合修复的促进作用。结论具有天然活性的抗氧化肽AOP_1可能通过减轻烫伤引起的氧化应激,促进小鼠皮肤烫伤创面的愈合修复。     

以DJ-1蛋白为靶点治疗肝纤维化的研究进展

肝纤维化是肝硬化演变过程中的一个重要阶段,其病理学特征主要是细胞外基质在肝内过量沉积,活化的肝星状细胞是肝纤维化的病理中心环节。许多细胞因子和信号通路已被证实参与肝纤维化或肝星状细胞的激活过程,但其中很多靶点在肝纤维化中的作用尚没有完全定论。近年来,已有研究提出DJ-1蛋白将成为治疗肝纤维化潜在的分子靶点,DJ-1可通过调控肝细胞内氧自由基水平、肝Kupffer细胞氧自由基水平、炎症细胞和吞噬细胞浸润等延缓肝纤维化的进程。该文从肝纤维化与氧化应激的关系、DJ-1蛋白的概述、DJ-1在治疗肝纤维化中的作用机制等方面综述了DJ-1蛋白在治疗肝纤维化中的作用及研究进展,并分析其作为治疗肝纤维化新靶点的利弊及应用前景。     

某院120例Ⅰ类切口围手术期预防用抗菌药物分析

目的了解某三级甲等医院I类切口手术围手术期抗菌药物预防应用情况。方法随机抽取该院2012年1月至12月I类切口择期手术患者病历共120份进行相关分析。结果120例I类切口手术围手术期抗菌药物预防应用中抗菌药物使用率为40. 83%,抗菌药物品种选择合格率为91.84%,以单一用药为主,涉及4个品种,给药时机为术前0.5 ~2 h的占67. 35% ,术后未用药和疗程不超过 48h的占87. 75%。结论该院的I类切口围手术期抗菌药物预防应用基本符合要求,但仍需加强抗菌药物临床应用培训管理工作。     

Association between Preoperative Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Stress Immediately after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Study

Quadriceps muscle atrophy following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, which is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against IR injury, whereas n-6 LCPUFAs, particularly arachidonic acid (AA), exhibit pro-inflammatory effects and promote IR injury. This study aimed to examine whether preoperative serum EPA + DHA levels and the (EPA + DHA)/AA ratio are associated with oxidative stress immediately after TKA. Fourteen eligible patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for unilateral TKA participated in this study. The levels of serum EPA, DHA, and AA were measured immediately before surgery. Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were used as biomarkers for oxidative stress. The preoperative serum EPA + DHA levels and the (EPA + DHA)/AA ratio were found to be significantly negatively correlated with the serum d-ROM levels at 96 h after surgery, and the rate of increase in serum d-ROM levels between baseline and 96 h postoperatively. This study suggested the preoperative serum EPA + DHA levels and the (EPA + DHA)/AA ratio can be negatively associated with oxidative stress immediately after TKA.     

L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women

We investigated the effects of oral L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation, associated or not with physical exercises, in control of glycemia, oxidative stress, and strength/power of knee muscles in elderly women. Physically active (n = 21) and sedentary (n = 23) elderly women aged 60 to 80 years were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of D-fructosamine, insulin, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, iron, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) (lipoperoxidation product), as well as knee extensor/flexor muscle torque peak and average power (isokinetic test), were assessed pre- and post-supplementation with Gln or placebo (30 days). Higher plasma D-fructosamine, insulin, and iron levels, and lower strength/power of knee muscles were found pre-supplementation in the NPE group than in the PE group. Post-supplementation, Gln subgroups showed higher levels of GSH, GSSG, and torque peak, besides lower D-fructosamine than pre-supplementation values. Higher muscle average power and plasma uric acid levels were reported in the PE + Gln group, whereas lower insulin levels were found in the NPE + Gln than pre-supplementation values. TBARs levels were diminished post-supplementation in all groups. Gln supplementation, mainly when associated with physical exercises, improves strength and power of knee muscles and glycemia control, besides boosting plasma antioxidant capacity of elderly women.     

黄芪总皂苷对缺氧性肺动脉高压作用探讨

目的　探讨黄芪总皂苷（AST）对缺氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）病理进展的抑制作用及相关机制。方法　28只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、HPH组、HPH+AST15［15 mg/（kg·d）］组、HPH+AST45［45 mg/（kg·d）］组,每组7只。采用间断式常压低氧建立大鼠HPH模型。实验28 d后,检测大鼠右心室收缩压力（RVSP）;计算右心室（RV）和左心室+室间隔（LV+S）的比值RV/（LV+S）;HE染色及免疫荧光染色观察大鼠肺动脉结构重建,计算肺动脉厚度百分比（WT）、面积百分比（WA）,并测量肺动脉α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的光密度（OD）值;分光光度法检测大鼠肺组织及血清中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及丙二醛（MDA）水平;Western blot法检测大鼠肺组织中还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶Nox2和Nox4蛋白表达情况。结果　与对照组比较,HPH组大鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）、WT、WA、α-SMA均增高（P＜0.05）,肺组织及血清中的SOD、CAT水平明显降低,而MDA水平增高（P＜0.05）,肺组织中Nox2和Nox4蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。与HPH组比较,HPH+AST15组和HPH+AST45组大鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）、WT、WA、α-SMA均降低（P＜0.05）,肺组织及血清中的SOD、CAT水平升高,MDA水平降低（P＜0.05）,肺组织中Nox2和Nox4蛋白表达水平均降低（P＜0.05）,其中HPH+AST45组WT、WA、α-SMA及肺组织MDA水平、Nox2和Nox4蛋白表达水平均较HPH+AST15组更低（P＜0.05）。结论　黄芪总皂苷可抑制大鼠HPH的病理进展,其机制可能与提高大鼠体内SOD和CAT水平并抑制Nox2和Nox4表达有关。