地骨皮的本草考证

经典名方的研发是促进中医药继承创新和开拓中医走向现代国际化的重要途径,梳理经典名方组成药味的历史沿革以明确其基原产地、性味功效、证候禁忌等对其研发尤为重要,是保证全方安全性及有效性的源头。地骨皮作为常用的传统中药材,应用广泛,具有良好的研发前景。《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》中含地骨皮的方剂共5首,通过查阅现代文献,鲜见地骨皮本草沿革的文献考证。该文将基于古籍文献,从地骨皮别名、产地、基原、性味归经、功效主治、证候禁忌等方面梳理其历代衍变情况,为研究地骨皮以及经典名方提供文献依据。考证分析发现,地骨皮最早记载于《五十二病方》,汉以前的古籍并未以"地骨皮"之名收载该味中药材。历代古籍记载的地骨皮性味归经、基原与现代权威中药材内容差异较小。随着时代变迁发展,现代对地骨皮功效主治舍弃较多,呈现断层式继承,提示该药材尚有许多潜在的功效主治可供临床开发应用。地骨皮的药用规格除了现代常用的生地骨皮外,古籍还记载了甘草汤制、焙制、炒黄、童便制、酒浸和酒蒸等炮制品。     

Cardial leiomyosarcoma with multiple lesions involved: a case report

Background: Leiomyosarcoma of the heart is extremely rare and may involve many symptoms. The outcome is poor and the median survival is only 6 months. Case presentation: A 43-years-old female patient complained of palpitation and dyspnea and was diagnosed as bilateral iliac vein-inferior vena cava-right atrium-pulmonary masses. Pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of vascular origin and she survived for 12 months after surgery. Conclusion: According to the summarization of 30 vascular leiomyosarcoma cases with heart involved we can find that surgical resection is the basic treatment for cardiac leiomyosarcoma, and surgery combined with chemotherapy may be able to further prolong survival.     

中医护理理论研究进展

中医护理理论历史悠久,早在春秋战国时期就有记载,但因种种原因未能得到独立发展,以致现在仍处在学科发展的初级阶段,文章就中医护理的历史起源、概念特色、与西医护理之比较、教学研究与临床应用等有关文献进行综述,以了解中医护理理论25年来的研究进展。     

Right aortic arch,bilateral ductus arteriosus,and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from innominate artery in a fetus with normal intracardiac anatomy

Right aortic arch (RAA) with right ductus arteriosus (RDA) is one of the least frequently diagnosed cardiac abnormalities prenatally. We describe here a case of RAA, bilateral ductus arteriosus (BDA), and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from innominate artery in a fetus with normal intracardiac anatomy.     

The ‘rural pipeline’ and retention of rural health professionals in Europe's northern peripheries

The major advance in informing rural workforce policy internationally over the past 25 years has been the recognition of the importance of the ‘rural pipeline’. The rural pipeline suggests that people with ‘rural origin’ (who spent some childhood years in rural areas) and/or ‘rural exposure’ (who do part of their professional training in rural areas) are more likely to select rural work locations. What is not known is whether the rural pipeline also increases the length of time professionals spend in rural practice throughout their careers. This paper analyses data from a survey of rural health professionals in six countries in the northern periphery of Europe in 2013 to examine the relationship between rural origin and rural exposure and the intention to remain in the current rural job or to preference rural jobs in future. Results are compared between countries, between different types of rural areas (based on accessibility to urban centres), different occupations and workers at different stages of their careers. The research concludes that overall the pipeline does impact on retention, and that both rural origin and rural exposure make a contribution. However, the relationship is not strong in all contexts, and health workforce policy should recognise that retention may in some cases be improved by recruiting beyond the pipeline.     

岭南灸法学术源流及特色探析＊

岭南灸法是岭南医家在不断实践、不断总结的基础上，逐步形成的地域特色灸法。本文追溯了岭南灸法的起源、代表性医家及著作，梳理岭南灸法的学术源流，对岭南地区热证辨证用灸、发展隔物灸和重视艾灸醒神等学术特色进行归纳，为更好地继承、发展岭南灸法提供参考。     

早期医用金属针具初探

目的：探讨早期医用金属针具的形制特征及发展演变,为现代针灸针具的改进提供鉴借和参考。方法：收集和整理考古发掘出土的早期金属类针状器具的资料,识别出其中用于针灸的金属针具,并结合医史资料、古代文献和现代针灸学的研究成果进行分析。结果：明确了早期金属针具的形状特征和演变过程。结论：在针刺疗法出现以前,金属针具的作用和用法与砭石相同,即用于刺治痈肿。战国时期,在针刺疗法出现以后,金属针具的功能和用法发生了改变,成为真正的针刺用针。     

基因测序技术在中药质量研究中的应用（Ⅱ）—山药基原的DNA测序鉴别

目的 分析正品山药Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.与地方习用品广山药D.persimilis Prain et Burkill、土山药D.japaonica Thunb.和方山药D.alataL.的核基因组18SrRNA基因序列，为山药基原鉴别及品质评价提供分子依据。方法 采用PCR直接测序技术测定山药及其地方习用品的18SrRNA基因序列。为山药基原鉴别及品质评价提供分子依据。方法 采用PCR直接测序技术测定山药及其地方习用品的18SrRNA基因序列，为山药基原鉴别及品质评价提供分子依据。方法 采用PCR直接测序技术测定山药及其地方习用品的18SrRNA基因核苷酸序列产荼序列同源性分析。结果 山药、广山药和土山药的18SrRNA序列长度均为1810bp，而方山药为1807bp。根据排序比较，广山药与正品山药的18SrRNA序列完全相同，而与土山药和方山药的序列同源性分别为99.89%和97.51%。结论 DNA测序技术可成为山药基原鉴定准确而有效的分子方法。     

The importance of father’s and own education for self‐assessed health across Europe: an East–West divide?

How are one’s own education, father’s education, and especially the combination of the two, related to self‐assessed health across European societies? In this study, we test hypotheses about differences in self‐assessed health between 16 post‐socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe and 17 Western European countries. We find substantial cross‐national variation in the (relative) importance of own and father’s education for self‐assessed health. Over 65 per cent of this cross‐national variation is accounted for by the East–West divide. This simple dichotomy explains cross‐national differences better than gross domestic product or income inequality. An individual’s father’s education is more important, both in absolute and relative terms, for self‐assessed heath in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. Intergenerational mobility moderates the relative effects of one’s own and one’s father’s education. In Eastern Europe the relative importance of one’s father’s education is greater than it is in Western Europe – particularly for those who are downwardly mobile and have a father with tertiary education. The results are sometimes contradictory to initial expectations; the theoretical implications are discussed.