生、煅石膏与赛霉安散促进创伤愈合作用研究

目的比较研究生、煅石膏及赛霉安散对大鼠创伤愈合的作用。方法制作大鼠外伤动物模型,用生石膏、煅石膏及赛霉安对创口进行给药,肉眼观察创伤愈合情况,并对6天、12d的创口处新生肉芽组织作组织切片,观察创口新生组织生长情况。结果给药12d后,生石膏组创口愈合速度较慢,与对照组没有显著差别,而煅石膏组与赛霉安散组创口恢复速度较快,基本完全愈合。结论石膏经高温煅制后生肌功效明显增强。     

Batch statistical process control of a fluid bed granulation process using in-line spatial filter velocimetry and product temperature measurements

Fluid bed granulation is a batch process, which is characterized by the processing of raw materials for a predefined period of time, consisting of a fixed spraying phase and a subsequent drying period. The present study shows the multivariate statistical modeling and control of a fluid bed granulation process based on in-line particle size distribution (PSD) measurements (using spatial filter velocimetry) combined with continuous product temperature registration using a partial least squares (PLS) approach. Via the continuous in-line monitoring of the PSD and product temperature during granulation of various reference batches, a statistical batch model was developed allowing the real-time evaluation and acceptance or rejection of future batches.Continuously monitored PSD and product temperature process data of 10 reference batches (X-data) were used to develop a reference batch PLS model, regressing the X-data versus the batch process time (Y-data). Two PLS components captured 98.8% of the variation in the X-data block. Score control charts in which the average batch trajectory and upper and lower control limits are displayed were developed. Next, these control charts were used to monitor 4 new test batches in real-time and to immediately detect any deviations from the expected batch trajectory. By real-time evaluation of new batches using the developed control charts and by computation of contribution plots of deviating process behavior at a certain time point, batch losses or reprocessing can be prevented.Immediately after batch completion, all PSD and product temperature information (i.e., a batch progress fingerprint) was used to estimate some granule properties (density and flowability) at an early stage, which can improve batch release time. Individual PLS models relating the computed scores (X) of the reference PLS model (based on the 10 reference batches) and the density, respectively, flowabililty as Y-matrix, were developed. The scores of the 4 test batches were used to examine the predictive ability of the model.     

异丙醇对阿替洛尔片溶出行为的影响

目的考察异丙醇用量对阿替洛尔片溶出行为的影响。方法以不同用量的异丙醇为润湿剂,通过湿法制粒制备阿替洛尔片(规格为每粒50 mg),分别测定其5,10,15,25,45,60 min时的累积溶出度,绘制溶出曲线并与参比制剂比较,计算其f2值。结果异丙醇用量对阿替洛尔片的溶出行为影响显著。结论随着异丙醇用量的增加,阿替洛尔的溶出速率加快;当异丙醇用量为0.080 mL/片时,阿替洛尔的溶出行为与参比制剂相似。     

复方缬沙坦/苯磺酸氨氯地平片的制备和体外溶出测定

目的:研制与上市品具有相似体外溶出的复方缬沙坦/苯磺酸氨氯地平片。方法:采用湿法制粒压片工艺制备自制品,通过单因素试验初步筛选处方,中心复合设计优化处方。比较不同pH溶出介质(pH 1.2盐酸、pH 4.5乙酸缓冲液和0.1%聚山梨酯80-pH 6.8磷酸缓冲液)中自制品与市售复方片的溶出行为,通过相似因子f2计算,评价2种药物体外溶出的相似性。结果:与市售片比较,以优化处方制备的复方片中缬沙坦和苯磺酸氨氯地平在不同pH值溶出介质中的溶出度相似因子f 2均>50。结论:自制的复方片与市售片体外溶出行为相似。     

烟酸缓释微丸的制备及体外释放度考察

目的:制备24 h烟酸缓释微丸,考察其体外释放度。方法:使用离心造粒机,采用空白丸芯粉末上药法制备烟酸载药素丸;使用国产流化床包衣机,以乙基纤维素为包衣材料进行包衣。考察包衣处方因素、热处理条件和释放介质对释放度的影响。结果:烟酸素丸圆整度良好,光滑;16～20目收率约90%。包衣增重、致孔剂类型以及用量是影响药物释放的关键因素。烟酸缓释微丸在pH 1.2的盐酸溶液中释放较快,在水,pH 4.5的醋酸盐缓冲溶液,pH 6.8和pH 7.9的磷酸盐溶液中释放无明显区别。以乙基纤维素包衣增重9%,以PEG 4000为致孔剂用量37%,得到的缓释微丸具备体外24 h缓释特征。结论:该缓释微丸的体外释放符合缓释制剂要求。     

保精片一步制粒法工艺研究

目的:改进保精片制粒工艺,使其适合压片和薄膜包衣.方法:采用一步制粒法制备保精片用颗粒,确定其一步制粒的最佳工艺条件.结果:最佳制粒工艺条件是将一定量的保精片用干膏10 ～0.12 MPa中,开启风机并加热,使物料在流化状态下均匀升温至50℃,以速度25～32 r·min-1喷入黏合剂,雾化压力0.10～0.12 MPa,进风温度75～90℃,物料温度随后控制在43～ 47℃,密切观察物料流化状态,直至黏合剂全部喷入,继续干燥8～10 min,降温出料.结论:一步制粒法颗粒可压性提高,所压片芯硬度好、片重差异幅度缩小、崩解时限符合规定.且一步制粒法比摇摆式制粒法更易控制,生产效率也更高.     

甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱缓释微丸的研制

目的：制备甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱缓释微丸,并研究其体外释药情况。方法：采用离心造粒法制备甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱素丸,在流化床内采用丙烯酸树脂水分散体对其包衣,制备甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱缓释微丸。用释放度测定法考察影响药物释放的各种因素,研究包衣微丸体外释药机制。结果：所制微丸体外释药过程基本符合Higuchi方程：Y=0．41＋29．22t1/2（r=0．9782）。结论：甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱缓释微丸体外释药缓慢、平稳。     

Chemically accurate coarse graining of double-stranded DNA

Coarse-grained (CG) modeling approaches are widely used to simulate many important biological processes involving DNA, including chromatin folding and genomic packaging. The bending propensity of a semiflexible DNA molecule critically influences these processes. However, existing CG DNA models do not retain a sufficient fidelity of the important local chain motions, whose propagation at larger length scales would generate correct DNA persistent lengths, in particular when the solution's ionic strength is widely varied. Here we report on a development of an accurate CG model for the double-stranded DNA chain, with explicit treatment of mobile ions, derived systematically from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Our model generates complex local motions of the DNA chain, similar to fully atomistic dynamics, leading also to a quantitative agreement of our simulation results with the experimental data on the dependence of the DNA persistence length on the solution ionic strength. We also predict a structural transition in a torsionally stressed DNA nanocircle as the buffer ionic strength is increased beyond a threshold value.     

离心造粒法制备双嘧达莫缓释微丸

目的制备双嘧达莫缓释微丸,考察包衣量对体外释放度的影响。方法采用离心造粒法制备双嘧达莫缓释微丸。结果所得的微丸圆整度良好,Eudragit NE30D包衣增重为7%时,所得微丸表现出缓释特征,相对生物利用度为（104.7±17.2）%,与参比制剂相比吸收程度等效,吸收速度不等效。结论离心造粒法适全双嘧达莫缓释微丸的制备。     

尼群地平固体分散体微丸的制备与评价

目的采用小型离心造粒技术制备尼群地平固体分散体微丸。方法以微丸的粉体学性质、收率（Yield）和10min药物累积溶出量（P10）为评价标准,通过处方单因素试验考察可溶性载体、不溶性载体及两者的比例对微丸质量的影响;通过制备工艺单因素试验,考察润湿剂中乙醇的浓度及用量、离心造粒转速及时间对微丸质量的影响;并通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）试验对药物的可能存在状态进行判断。结果尼群地平固体分散体微丸的处方与制备工艺为：可溶性载体采用泊洛沙姆（F68）,不溶性载体采用低取代羟丙基纤维素（L-HPC）,两者的比例为2：7,润湿剂为70%乙醇,用量25ml,离心造粒转速为300r/min,时间30min,所得微丸P10达86%以上。XRD和DSC实验表明,药物以无定形存在于固体分散体中,但在微丸中有少量晶体析出。结论采用上述方法制备的尼群地平固体分散体微丸,具有固体分散体结构和显著的速释特征。