Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure under Transthorasic Echocardiography in Children

Objective

Atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure is routinely done under the guide of transesophageal or intracardiac echocardiography which are expensive techniques and not easily affordable in developing countries.

Methods

Using metallic devices, we attempted 32 ASD device closures under transthoracic echocardiography.

Findings

Of those, 30 procedures were successful (94 %). In two patients with relatively large ASD we encountered difficulty in positioning the device. These patients were referred for surgical closure.

Conclusion

ASD device closure can be carried out successfully in most patients under transthoracic echocardiography in situations where transesophageal or intravenous echocardiographies are not available or affordable.     

经胸超声指导Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗先心病的应用价值

目的探讨经胸超声(TTE)指导Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD),室间隔缺损(VSD)及动脉导管未闭(PDA)的应用价值。方法术前应用TTE筛选封堵术适应症33例先心病,其中23例ASD、6例VSD、4例PDA。术中用TTE监测指导释放封堵器,即刻观察疗效。术后进行定期随访。结果21例ASD、5例VSD、4例PDA封堵成功,2例ASD及1例VSD封堵失败,总成功率为90.91%(30/33)。21例ASD 病例中,14例选用TTE测量缺损最大径与球囊测量最大伸展径比较,TTE测量缺损最大径与球囊测量最大伸展径比较有明显相关性(r=0.563,P<0.05)。7例选用TTE测量缺损最大径基础上加3-4 mm作为封堵器大小的选择。筛选6例膜周部VSD,5例封堵成功,1例封堵失败。VSD例数虽少,但发现VSD形态变化多,VSD右室面形态各一。筛选4例PDA封堵成功。30例成功封堵术封堵即刻无残余分流为93.33%(28/30),6.67%有低速少量分流(2/30)。术后一周复查心脏均有一定缩小,6个月复查心脏恢复至正常范围。结论TTE可用来筛选ASD、VSD、PDA封堵术病例,术中检测指导Amplatzer封堵器定位和释放,观察即刻疗效,治疗可靠;术后进行疗效评价有较大价值。     

对比盘式封堵器LAmbre与LAcbes封堵左心耳治疗心房颤动

目的 对比以盘式封堵器LAmbre与LAcbes行左心耳封堵(LAAC)治疗心房颤动(AF)的有效性和安全性。方法 分析99例接受以LAcbes封堵器(LAcbes组)、130例以LAmbre封堵器(LAmbre组)行LAAC的AF患者,对比治疗效果、安全性及预后。结果 LAcbes组左心耳完全封堵率66.67%(66/99),LAmbre组57.69%(75/130),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LAcbes组密封盘直径、固定盘直径及封堵术后周边漏(特别是1~3 mm周边漏)发生率均低于LAmbre组(P均<0.01)。2组围术期均无急性心脏压塞及死亡病例。术后(中位复查时间为术后72天)复查经食管超声心动图,组间器械相关血栓发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后平均随访(12±6)个月,随访期间LAcbes组5例(5/99,5.05%)、LAmbre组1例(1/130,0.77%)发生延迟性心脏压塞,LAcbes组发生脑梗死、短暂性缺血发作各1例,LAmbre组发生脑梗死2例、脑出血1例、死于心力衰竭1例,2组差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 盘式封堵器LAmbre与LAcbes封堵左心耳治疗AF的效果及安全性均相当。     

Evaluation of Multimodality LAA Leak Closure Methods Following Incomplete Occlusion: The LAA Leak Study

BackgroundIncomplete left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is an evolving topic of clinical significance and thromboembolic potential, with recent long-term studies suggesting lower cutoffs for relevant leak size.ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective observational study was to assess 3 different closure techniques for persistent peridevice leaks after incomplete LAA closure and compare their efficacy and safety outcomes.MethodsWe studied 160 patients (mean age 72 ± 9 years; 71% men) who underwent 1 of the 3 available modalities (detachable embolization coils, vascular plugs or septal occluders, and radiofrequency ablation) for residual central or eccentric leak closure. Both acute postprocedural success (closure or <1-mm leak at the end of the procedure) and closure at 1-year follow-up transesophageal echocardiography imaging were evaluated.ResultsOf 160 patients, 0.6%, 41.3%, and 58.1% had mild (1-2 mm), moderate (3-5 mm), and severe (≥5 mm) leaks, respectively. Baseline LAA closure type was 72.5% Watchman FLX, 16.3% Lariat, 5.6% surgical ligation, 1.9% AtriClip, and 1.9% Amulet. Successful closure (0- or <1-mm leak) was seen in 100% of patients in all cohorts following intervention, with overall complete closure (0-1 mm) or mild or minimal leaks (1-2 mm) on 1-year follow-up transesophageal echocardiography seen in 100% of the atrial septal occluder or vascular plug cohort, 85.9% of the coil cohort, and 83.3% of the radiofrequency ablation cohort (P < 0.001). Two patients (1.3%) experienced cardiac tamponade, and there were no deaths or other complications.ConclusionsPeridevice leaks can safely and effectively be closed using 3 different modalities depending on size and location.     

继发孔房间隔缺损的Amplatzer封闭器介入外科手术治疗的对比研究

目的　对继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASDⅡ )的Amplatzer间隔封闭器 (ASO)介入和外科治疗的疗效和安全性进行比较研究。方法　 1998年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月接受ASO治疗的 72例和接受外科手术治疗的 6 6例ASDⅡ病人进行对比研究。结果　ASO组和外科组技术成功率分别为 97.2 % (70 /72例 )和 10 0 % ;ASO组的手术和住院时间明显短于外科组 (71.8± 11.6 )min和 (15 8.4± 31.8)min ;(8.8± 2 .3)d和 (2 6 .9± 9.9)d ,(P<0 .0 5 ) ;ASO组的手术并发症发生率明显低于外科组 (7.1%和 2 2 .7% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;ASO组无病人接受输血 ,外科组接受输血率 89.1% (5 9/6 6例 ) ;ASO组费用明显高于外科组 (4 .4 5± 0 .5 3)万元和 (1.87± 0 .5 4 )万元 ,(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　继发孔ASD的ASO治疗在有适应症的范围内可替代外科手术 ,降低ASO费用有助于更广泛推广作用。     

A comparative study of Cardi‐O‐Fix septal occluder versus Amplatzer septal occluder in percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects

Aim: We sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of Cardio‐O‐Fix septal occluder (CSO) in percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) as compared to the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Methods: A consecutive of 351 patients received transcatheter ASD closure with CSO or ASO from July 2004 to October 2010 were studied. The ASDs were divided into simple‐ (isolated defects <26 mm) or complex‐types (isolated defect ≥26 mm, double or multifenestrated defects). The procedures were guided by fluoroscopy and transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Clinical and echocardiographic follow‐ups were arranged before discharge, at 1 month and then every 6‐month after implantation. Results: During the study period, 185 (125 males, aged 18.5 ± 15.6 years) and 166 (103 males, aged 21.0 ± 15.7 years) patients attempted CSO and ASO implants, respectively. The CSO group had similar ASD and device sizes, prevalence of complex lesions (17 vs. 16%, P = 0.796), procedural times and success rates (97% vs. 96%, P = 0.635) as compared to the ASO group. Acute residual shunts were less prevalent in CSO than ASO group and most shunts closed spontaneously at 6‐month follow‐ups. The average equipment cost per patient was lower in CSO group (US$ 4,100 vs. US$ 5,900, P < 0.001). The prevalence of device embolization and atrial arrhythmia (all <2%) were similar in both patient groups. Conclusion: Transcatheter ASD occlusion with CSO is safe and effective and it appeared to be an attractive alternative to ASO in closing simple‐type ASD because of its relatively low cost. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

应用国产对称双盘状封堵器经导管治疗小儿室间隔缺损的疗效评价

目的应用国产对称双盘状封堵器经导管治疗小儿室间隔缺损（VSD）并对其疗效进行初步评价。方法全组446例,其中443例为膜部VSD,3例为肌部室VSD,年龄7±8（2～12）岁。VSD左室面直径为6.8±3.9（2.0～12.0）mm。经6F～10F传送鞘置入对称双盘状封堵器,封堵后即刻行左心室造影,术后1d、1个月、6个月及行超声心动图检查观察有无残余分流。结果全组446例封堵器植入成功,植入技术成功率100%。术后即刻左心室造影示81例（18.2%）存在微～少量残余分流,365例（81.8%）封堵完全无残余分流。术后24～48h超声心动图示分流完全消失410例（91.9%）、微～少量残余分流36例（8.1%）。1例封堵术后24h发生溶血,经过7d内科保守治疗治愈。8例封堵术后3d发生一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,经过4～10d内科保守治疗治愈。1个月超声心动图发现2例残余分流（0.9%）。结论应用国产双盘状封堵器治疗小儿室间隔缺损是一种安全有效的介入方法,操作简便,成功率高,近期疗效可靠,中远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

Mechanical valve dysfunction after percutaneous perimitral leak closure: Salvage by percutaneous occluder retrieval

Percutaneous closure of perivalvular regurgitation may be complicated by prosthetic valve impingement and dysfunction. We describe a patient with two perimitral defects who developed severe mitral stenosis due to mitral leaflet impingement after percutaneous implantation of three amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder devices. The largest amplatzer occluder device was successfully snared with restoration of normal prosthetic valve motion. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Very late erosion of amplatzer septal occluder device presenting as pericardial pain and effusion 8 years after placement

We report the case of a very late erosion of an Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) device more than 8 years after implant, presenting without signs of cardiac tamponade. To date, this case represents the longest period between ASO device implantation and clinical presentation following erosion. The overall rate of device erosion remains low, and the majority reported so far has occurred early, but clinicians should remain alert to the possibility of very late erosion in patients with ASO devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.