Frosted cylindrical lens induced artefact on Humphrey automated perimetry

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a cylindrical corrective lens with frosted sides on Humphrey automated perimetry performed with a translucent spectacle occluder in the contralateral eye. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers with cylindrical refractive errors of more than 1.50 DC had Humphrey visual fields (30‐2) measured with the contralateral eye occluded with either a translucent spectacle occluder or an opaque patch. The order of testing with each occluder was randomised. Additionally, visual field examination with the opaque patch was performed on three volunteer subjects with deep‐set eyes to establish the clinical significance of the frosted cylindrical lens induced artefact (CLA). The back vertex distances for the correcting lenses were measured for all tests. Results: Eight out of 10 volunteers tested with the translucent occluder demonstrated CLA, which was absent when the opaque patch was used. The presence of an artefact corresponding to the axis of the cylinder was observed, when the vertex distance was more than 15 mm. Three subjects with deep‐set eyes presented with CLA, even with the use of an opaque patch. Discussion: Cylindrical lens artefacts can occur with increasing vertex distance when using a translucent spectacle occluder instead of an opaque patch. CLA is also seen in subjects with deep‐set eyes.     

Transcatheter Occlusion of a Large Left Coronary Artery to Right Superior Vena Cava Fistula Using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder Device

Transcatheter embolization has become the therapy of choice for most coronary artery fistula. We report a 5.9-kg infant with a coronary artery fistula from the left coronary artery to the right superior vena cava with significant congestive heart failure. The infant underwent successful complete occlusion using the Amplatzer duct occluder.     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的近期疗效评价

目的　评价新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的近期疗效。方法2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 11月 ,采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 4 8例膜周部VSD患者进行封堵治疗。患者中男 2 5例 ,女 2 3例 ,年龄 17岁± 12岁 ( 3～ 4 8岁 )。经胸超声心动图 (TTE)显示VSD的直径 5 1mm± 1 2mm( 3～ 12mm)。所有患者在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器。并分别于术后 1、3、6、12个月通过经胸超声心动图、12导心电图、X线胸片等检查进行随访评价。结果　 4 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 94 %。术后出现少量残余分流 5例 ( <3mm) ,完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,无其他严重并发症发生。 4 5例患者接受了平均 3 8个月的随访 ( 1～ 12个月 ) ,随访中无封堵器移位、脱落以及瓣膜损伤等并发症发生 ,2例残余分流于随访 3个月时消失。结论　Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部VSD近期效果良好。     

Erosion by the amplatzer septal occluder: Experienced operator opinions at odds with manufacturer recommendations?

Background: Device erosion is a very rare but potentially fatal complication of ASD occlusion by the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO). After reviewing cases of device erosion, recommendations for ASD sizing and device selection were revised by a small group of “experts” and adopted by the device manufacturer in 2004. These revisions, which recommend use of smaller devices, which do not straddle the aorta, remain controversial. Objective: The aim of our study is to help define an expanded expert consensus with respect to the causes and preventive strategies for erosions. Methods: We report a case of device erosion in which the 2004 revisions were carefully followed; and a survey of the members of the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC) soliciting experiences with and opinions about device erosion. Results: In our case, the device disk appeared to protrude into the aortic root but not straddle, and had motion independent of cardiac movement. Of 57 survey responders having a total experience of 12,006 ASO implants, 12 members reported 14 erosions among 3,010 implants. Ninety percent of erosions occurred in patients with deficit aortic rim. Of 53 patients, 38 (71.7%) responded that devices, which are undersized and do not straddle the aorta are at highest risk of erosion. Of 52 patients, 44 (84%) responded that motion of the device relative to the heart may cause erosion. Conclusion: Both the survey results and our single case experience suggest that operator opinions (and perhaps also device sizing practices) are at odds with the 2004 revisions. Further study and focus on this issue is needed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

房间隔缺损封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器形态变化的研究

目的 评价继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器(ASO)形态的变化。方法 选择经胸超声心动图监测引导封堵房间隔缺损的小儿患者65例，于封堵术后即刻、1个月、3个月、6个月及12个月随访超声心动图，观察封堵效果。于房间隔短轴观、心尖四腔观和房间隔长轴观分别测量ASO中心厚度和与腰相连的两侧厚度，进行比较分析。结果 所有患者ASO位置正常，ASO无移位，无并发症发生。8例患者于术后即刻和24h随访ASO两伞间有微少量血流通过，1个月随访时4例患者微少量血流消失，3个月随访时微少量血流全部消失。术后24h ASO厚度稍增加，术后1个月、3个月、6个月ASO的厚度回缩明显，6个月后ASO的形态趋于稳定。ASO近主动脉侧的厚度大于其他部位的厚度。结论 房间隔封堵术后ASO形态逐渐变薄，更牢固地固定于房间隔上。     

新型封堵器经胸封堵房间隔缺损386例(英文)

目的:探讨新型封堵器经胸关闭房间隔缺损的有效性和安全性。方法:设计一种新型的封堵器和传送系统:封堵器由外鞘管、内鞘管、传送杆经第4肋间和右侧房壁送出,封堵房缺。通过这种经胸方式共治疗患者386例,年龄1～79(平均11.8)岁,分析临床资料。结果:房缺平均直径为20.4(4～38)mm,成功植入封堵器382例,因房间隔多发缺损植入2个封堵器22例。整个手术时间为35～62(平均44±7.4)min;术后24h经胸B超证实手术成功率为98.9%;植入术中封堵器脱落1例,因此取出封堵器改用手术方法封闭房缺;另1例患者房缺成功封闭,术后当晚发生颅内出血,经神经外科治疗成功康复。结论:对于大多数房缺患者,经胸封闭房缺是有效且安全的,其操作也较为简便。     

Lung perfusion studies after transcatheter closure of persistent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer duct occluder

Background : Reduced left lung perfusion has been described after transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with several prostheses. Although the Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO) device is currently the most widely used occluder for closure of large‐sized PDAs, the potential consequences of flow distribution to the lungs of this device have not been completely clarified. We evaluated lung perfusion following occlusion of PDA with the ADO device. Methods : Forty‐seven patients underwent successful transcatheter PDA occlusion using the ADO device were included in this study. Lung perfusion scans were performed 6 months after the procedure. Results : Decreased perfusion to the left lung (defined as < 40% of total lung flow) was observed in 17 patients (36%), 5 of whom were low‐weight symptomatic infants. Ductal ampulla length was significantly shorter and minimal ductal diameter to ampulla diameter ratio was significantly higher in patients with decreased left lung perfusion and correlated well with left lung perfusion values (r = 0.516 and r = ?0.501, respectively). A cut‐off value of ≤5.8 mm for the ductal ampulla length and ≥1.9 for ampulla diameter to ampulla length ratio showed high sensitivity and specificity for reduced lung perfusion. Conclusions : The incidence of abnormal left lung perfusion is high 6 months after transcatheter closure of PDA with the ADO, more likely in the low weight symptomatic infants and in patients with a short duct or a relatively shallow duct having abrupt narrowing of a large ampulla. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

应用国产封堵器介入治疗先天性心脏病536例

目的评价国产封堵器进行介入治疗先天性心脏病的近期疗效。方法左向右分流先天性心脏病536例,分别采用相应的国产封堵器经导管进行封堵治疗。术中进行造影或（和）经胸超声心动图（TTE）检查,分别于术后24h,1、3、6个月随访TTE及心电图,观察疗效。结果除7例发生不同并发症,529例成功封堵,成功率98.7%。结论应用国产封堵器介入治疗先天性心脏病操作简单、安全、损伤小、成功率高。     

Magnetic resonance imaging to assess acute changes in atrial and ventricular parameters after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects

PURPOSE: To evaluate acute changes in atrial and ventricular parameters by the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defects (ASD) closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 14 patients (six males and eight females, 45 +/- 18 years) with congenital ASD. Cardiac MRI (1.5T Philips Intera CV) was performed before and within 24 hours after transcatheter ASD closure. Right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) dimensions, as well as right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular end-diastolic (ED) volumes were determined. Atrial size was assessed by planimetry of the maximum RA and LA areas in a standard four-chamber view, and ventricular volumes were calculated according to a modified Simpson's rule in short-axis views. RESULTS: The mean RA decreased significantly from 27.6 +/- 6.4 cm(2) before closure to 24.4 +/- 5.6 cm(2) after the procedure (P = 0.0018), whereas the LA area did not change (24.1 +/- 4.7 cm(2) vs. 23.8 +/- 5.2 cm(2), P = 0.76). The RV volumes, volume index, and ejection fraction (EF) decreased significantly from 229 +/- 64 mL to 181 +/- 43 mL (P < 0.001, average reduction = 19% +/- 15%), from 126.0 +/- 37.2 mL/m(2) to 96.6 +/- 28.6 mL/m(2) (P < 0.0001) and from 64 +/- 5% to 58% +/- 7% (P = 0.01), respectively. The LV volumes and volume index remained unchanged (114 +/- 25 mL vs. 118 +/- 22 mL, P = 0.18, 63.5 +/- 13.5 mL/m(2) vs. 63.0 +/- 17.4 mL/m(2), P = 0.83). Left-right shunting decreased from 40% +/- 15% to 9% +/- 15% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cardiac MRI can reveal detailed information on acute changes in shunt fraction and ventricular dimensions after ASD closure. ASD closure by percutaneous transcatheter device implantation results within 24 hours in a significant reduction of shunt fraction, RA and RV sizes, and RV function, whereas LA and LV dimensions remain unchanged.     

Left atrial disc device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore® Cardioform septal occluder: A case series

Device thromboses after patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) closure are rare but serious complications. They have been reported in different devices of virtually all manufacturers. Here, we report three cases of left atrial device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore® Cardioform septal occluder (GSO) in our recent institutional experience. All patients were symptomatic with new-onset neurological impairments and evidence of cerebral thromboembolism. Device thromboses have occurred despite antiplatelet therapy in two patients and moreover were observed late, at approximately 2 years after implantation, in two patients. One device was surgically explanted while in two cases, thrombi completely resolved with initiated anticoagulation. All patients had a favorable neurological recovery. Our observations suggest that regular follow-up echocardiography beyond 6 months after device implantation might be advisable in patients with GSO devices to rule out late device thromboses. More long-term follow-up data considering safety and late complications of contemporary PFO and ASD devices is required to establish confident evidence-based recommendations on long-term follow-up management and antithrombotic therapy regimen after PFO and ASD closure.