先天性巨大冠状动脉右室瘘的介入治疗

目的 探讨经导管法封堵先天性巨大冠状动脉瘘的技术方法及其有效性与安全性.方法 对1例先天性粗大、迂曲右冠状动脉右室瘘患者进行经导管封堵治疗.选择性冠脉造影后,建立动-静脉轨道,再沿轨道钢丝经股静脉送人长鞘经瘘口至右冠状动脉,沿鞘管将动脉导管未闭封堵器置于右冠状动脉瘘口处,确定封堵器位置合适后将其完全释放.结果 瘘口完全堵闭,术后无并发症,复查心脏超声示各心腔内径缩小.结论 对迂曲、粗大的冠状动脉瘘,用国产器械经导管封堵治疗安全、有效.     

Transcatheter closure of inferior sinus venosus defect using a patent ductus arteriosus occluder following simulation with a 3D-printed model

BackgroundTranscatheter closure of inferior sinus venosus defect (ISVD) is still contraindication. To explore whether transcatheter closure with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders is possible for ISVD.MethodsFrom June 2014 to March 2021, 12 patients were recruited diagnosed as <25 mm ISVD. The three-dimensional printing (3DP) heart model was produced based on multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans. Preoperative closure simulation was planned on the personalized 3D model for each patient. Follow-up including electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and X-ray was traced.Results3DP models of 12 patients were successfully printed. Twelve patients had been diagnosed with <25 mm ISVD and 4 of them had another secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). All patients were produced interventional therapy successfully. PDA occluder was implanted to closed ISVD, and ASD was closed using ASD occluder simultaneously. The average diameter of ISVD measured by TTE was (12.67±3.80), and the average diameter of sagittal axes and longitudinal axes measured by the 3D-printed model was (17.08±3.20) and (18.42±4.62) mm, respectively. The average size of PDA (diameter of pulmonary artery side) was (28.17±3.35) mm. Compared with the preoperative, the X-ray cardiothoracic ratio (0.51±0.04 vs. 0.47±0.06, P=0.007) and the right ventricle anterior-posterior diameter (31.17±5.65 vs. 24.58±3.75 mm, P<0.001) of postoperative was significantly decreased. During the average (47.75±27.52) months follow-up, it has achieved satisfying results, and there were no severe adverse events such as device transposition, death, and pericardial tamponade occurred.ConclusionsAssisting by 3D heart model, transcatheter closure of ISVD with PDA occluder had an excellent outcome. This method provides a new considerable treatment strategy for ISVD.     

Comparison of multiple imaging modalities for measuring orifice diameter and selecting occluder size in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure

BackgroundLeft atrial appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) can safely and effectively prevent stroke events caused by atrial fibrillation. However, the structure of the LAA is highly variable among individuals, and the optimal method for obtaining measurements remains unknown.HypothesisWe aimed to study the accuracy of left atrial computed tomography angiography (CTA), three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction using CTA, two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D‐TEE), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for measuring the diameter of the LAA and compare their value for selecting occluder size.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated data for 148 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who underwent successful LAAC. CTA and 2D‐TEE of the left atrium and pulmonary vein were performed before LAAC. We performed 3D reconstruction of the left atrium and LAA using Mimics and 3‐matics software. DSA of the LAA was performed during surgery.ResultsValues measured via CTA 3D reconstruction were significantly higher than those measured using other methods. DSA‐measured values were significantly lower than those measured via CTA and CTA 3D reconstruction. Occluder size was positively correlated with LAA orifice diameter. The differences between occluder size and DSA, 2D‐TEE, CTA, CTA 3D reconstruction measurements were 4.96 ± 2.58, 4.64 ± 2.50, 4.04 ± 1.37, and 2.92 ± 1.38 mm, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for these methods were −.067, .006, .241, and .519, respectively.ConclusionCTA 3D reconstruction provides the best correlation and consistency between the measured LAA orifice diameter and occluder size. Adding 2–4 mm to the maximum LAA orifice diameter based on 3D‐CTA may aid in selecting the appropriate WATCHMAN device.     

Closure of a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect in a 4.8 kg baby with Down syndrome using a duct occluder

A 9.5-month-old boy with Down syndrome, weighing 4.8 kg, presented with history of failure to thrive. Clinically, he had symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure. His echocardiogram showed a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) with some inlet extension covered by a large aneurysmal tissue with multiple right ventricular (RV) exits. Additionally, he had hypothyroidism and Hirschsprung disease. Instead of closing the VSD surgically, the VSD was successfully closed utilizing an 8 × 6 mm duct occluder. The baby remained in the intensive care unit for one night. The day after the procedure, the infant was stable and showed clinical improvement. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed normal sinus rhythm with no evidence of heart block. Twenty-four hours later, echocardiography showed the device was in an excellent position, with a small residual leak. There was normal tricuspid valve inflow and normal aortic valve outflow with no significant valvar insufficiency. The baby was discharged after 3 days in stable condition. We believe infants with such co-morbidities which might complicate their post-operative course and prolong the intensive care unit admission, might benefit from such alternative management.     

Endoscopic Occlusion of Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Ventilated Patients Using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a challenging, life threatening condition. It most commonly appears in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, who cannot withstand open neck or chest surgery. An endoscopic technique could be better tolerated by these patients. We present our experience using a cardiac Amplatzer ASD septal occluder for an endoscopic TEF repair in ventilation-dependent patients. Two high risk patients underwent the procedure under general anesthesia and close respiratory monitoring. In one patient the device was inserted through the trachea and in the other through the esophagus. In both cases fistula closure was achieved for different periods of time allowing the patients a temporary relief of symptoms. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients, and no significant adverse effect documented. The technique was successful as a temporary solution for unstable patients with TEFs and should be considered as a treatment modality for similar patients.     

输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床研究

目的探讨输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石在输尿管结石治疗中的临床疗效。方法将该院收治的78例输尿管结石患者随机分为观察组40例和对照组38例,对照组采用气压弹道碎石术,观察组采用输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石术。对比两组患者手术疗效、手术时间、住院时间、血尿时间以及治疗后BUN、Cr水平变化和两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果两组一次性碎石率比较χ2=5.5038(P=0.0190);两组1个月结石排净率比较χ2=8.6771(P=0.0032);两组需再次手术患者例数比较χ2=11.9114(P=0.0006);两组有效患者例数比较χ2=14.4866(P=0.0001)。两组患者手术时间比较t=7.9142(P=0.0000);两组患者住院时间比较t=6.0797(P=0.0000);两组患者血尿时间比较t=5.2690(P=0.0000);两组BUN水平比较t=1.3569(P=0.1788);两组Cr水平比较t=4.3967(P=0.0000)。两组患者术后恶心、呕吐例数比较χ2=6.7818(P=0.0092);两组患者术后发热例数比较χ2=8.2611(P=0.0041);两组患者术后血尿例数比较χ2=8.6771(P=0.0032);两组患者术后肾绞痛例数比较χ2=14.5142(P=0.0001)。结论输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石,能提高碎石成功率,值得临床上广泛应用。     

超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的临床评估

目的：探讨经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)和/或经食道超声心动图(transesophageal echocardi-ography,TEE)引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的安全性及有效性。方法：选取2014年1—12月福建医科大学附 属协和医院心血管外科单纯性继发孔型房间隔缺损患者32例,均在TTE和/或TEE监测下行经皮房间隔缺损封堵术。 结果：32例患者全部封堵成功,1例术后即刻TT E复查存在少量残余分流,术后1个月复查示残余分流消失。其余31例 患者在术后即刻、1个月、3个月复查TT E,均未见封堵器移位、残余分流等并发症。结论：超声心动图引导下经皮封 堵房间隔缺损是一种微创、安全、有效的新型手术方法。