大学生心理资本与心理素质的相关性

目的考察大学生心理资本和心理素质的基本情况,探讨两者之间的关系。方法采用积极心理资本问卷和大学生心理素质问卷,对172名大学生进行调查。结果 1大学生心理资本状况:韧性因子存在显著的性别差异(t=2.308,P0.05);希望因子存在显著年级差异(F=3.543,P0.05),进一步多重比较表明,大二、大四学生的希望水平显著高于大一学生的希望水平;2大学生心理素质状况:心理动力素质因子存在年级差异(F=5.217,P0.01),大四学生的心理动力素质显著高于大一学生和大三学生的心理动力素质;学习心理素质因子存在年级差异(F=2.970,P0.05),大二、大四学生的学习心理素质显著高于大三学生的学习心理素质;3大学生心理资本和心理素质之间呈显著正相关,前者对后者具有显著预测效应(48.7%)。结论大学生心理资本和心理素质之间有密切关系,为构建以心理资本为核心概念的心理素质培养新体系提供科学依据。     

自动曝光控制技术在数字化 X 射线胸部摄影中的应用探讨简

目的探讨自动曝光控制（AEC）技术在胸部数字化X射线摄影（DR）中的应用及其对图像质量的影响。方法使用AEC技术和根据经验设置曝光条件法,分别采集50张胸部后前位X射线图像,分为2组。试验组使用AEC技术：其中男性27例,女性23例,年龄9-81岁,平均年龄43．6岁。对照组使用手动选择曝光条件：其中男性24例．女性26例．年龄17-76岁,平均年龄45.3岁。记录每次成像的曝光指数（EU并对两组数据进行统计学分析。结果试验组与对照组图像EI比较,差异无统计学意义（1951．00vs1961．80,P〉0．05）,且绝大多数图像质量都在可诊断范围之内。但AEC技术EI的标准差较小．说明AEC技术能更精确地控制曝光量。结论AEC技术可以减少因曝光量不足引起的图像质量下降．也可以避免因曝光过度而产生不必要的患者辐射．     

以预算配置制为基础的护理岗位管理模式对护理质量的影响

目的 探讨以预算配置制为基础的护理岗位管理模式对护理质量的影响。方法2014年10月对340名护理人员实施以预算配置制为基础的护理岗位管理,比较实施前后护理质量、护理不良事件发生率及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果 实施预算配置制为基础的护理岗位管理后护理质量各项指标明显高于实施前,护理不良事件发生率明显低于实施前,患者对护理工作的满意度显著高于实施前(Z=-12.676,P<0.001)。 结论 采用以预算配置制为基础的护理岗位管理模式提高了护理质量和患者对护理工作的满意度,降低了不良事件发生的风险。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者反刍思维与睡眠质量的临床现状及其相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)急性加重期患者反刍思维及睡眠质量的相关性。 方法 采用一般人口学资料调查表、反刍思维量表(ruminative response scale,RRS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)对116名COPD急性加重期患者进行横断面调查。 结果 COPD急性加重期患者的反刍思维总得分为(3.32±1.04)分,PSQI得分为(13.65±3.67)分,2者的得分及各因子均明显高于国内常模(P<0.05),且2者呈正相关关系(r=0.122~0.405,P<0.05)。 结论 COPD急性加重期患者的反刍思维和睡眠障碍均处于较高水平,且2者呈正相关性,临床医护人员在进行睡眠护理的同时,应积极纠正患者的负性思维方式,以提高患者对疾病的适应水平和睡眠质量。     

医学物理学本科生综合素质状况调查和评价体系的研究

目的：本课题通过对医学物理学专业本科生目前的综合素质状况进行了详细的调查和分析,旨在提出更好的提高大学生综合素质的途径和办法。方法：本文构建医学物理学专业本科生综合素质评价指标体系,较好的体现了当代大学生应具备的各方面的素质并强调了它的重要性,通过对综合素质评价指标体系的研究分析和论证,并结合我校本专业的教学及学生的实际情况,提出了可行性的建议。结果：通过对医学物理学专业本科生的调查,本专业的教学效果有明显提高,学生的基础知识掌握的比较扎实,专业素质高,得到了用人单位的一致认可,学生的就业率明显提高,大学生的核心竞争力和综合素质得到进一步提高。结论：这项研究的结果表明,本科医学物理学的总体质量评价体系是可行的,通过提高大学生的整体素质,改善和制定合理的评价体系,才能更好地提高教学质量,培养高素质医学物理学人才。     

糖尿病患者出院准备度与出院指导质量现状 及相关性分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者出院准备度与出院指导质量现状,并进行相关性分析。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2015年5—12月收治于四川大学华西医院的糖尿病患者200例,应用患者一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表和出院指导质量量表进行调查。结果糖尿病患者出院准备度的条目平均分为(8.13±1.37)分,出院指导质量条目平均分为(8.60±1.32)分。糖尿病患者出院准备度各维度得分从高到低依次为可获得的社会支持、疾病知识、出院后应对能力、自身状况;糖尿病患者出院准备度和出院指导质量呈正相关(r=0.544,P0.01)。结论糖尿病患者出院准备度现状处于中高水平,其出院准备度和出院指导质量呈正相关,医务人员应加强出院指导,提高糖尿病患者的出院准备度现状,从而降低患者的再入院率。     

Frequent polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma gene (POLG) in patients with normal spermiograms and unexplained subfertility

BACKGROUND: Male fertility largely depends on the quality of sperm production, which may be affected by environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we explored a possible role of the polymerase gamma (POLG) gene polymorphism, recently reported to be associated with male infertility in some populations. METHODS: The polymorphic CAG repeat (usually 10 codons long) in the POLG gene was studied in 1298 male subjects: 429 patients with infertility/subfertility, and 869 controls (495 men from the general population with unknown fertility and 374 recent fathers). In all subjects, the POLG polymorphism was assessed in relation to their semen quality, and--in the fertile controls--with biological fecundity measured as waiting time-to-pregnancy (TTP) for the couples. In the patients lacking the common POLG allele, the outcome of the assisted reproductive techniques (ART) for the couples was evaluated. RESULTS: The absence of one (10/ not equal to 10) or both common POLG alleles (not equal to 10/not equal to 10) was more frequent among the subfertile patients than among fertile controls (P=0.021 and P=0.04 respectively). The estimated predictive value for infertility in a man homozygous for the POLG polymorphism was 15.5% (95% CI: 4.8-51%). There was a positive association with sperm concentration: 14.3% of the normospermic subfertile patients were homozygous for the absence of the common POLG allele (not equal to 10/not equal to 10), in comparison with 2.3% of unselected controls (P=0.001) and 0.9% of the fertile men (P=0.0001). No association with sperm motility, morphology and TTP was found. Spermatozoa of the three not equal to 10/not equal to 10 patients treated with IVF retained the ability to penetrate the egg, but the fertilization rate was low. Nine homozygous not equal to 10/ not equal to 10 patients were treated with ICSI, resulting in pregnancy in seven couples. CONCLUSIONS: The POLG gene polymorphism should be considered as a possible contributing factor in patients with unexplained subfertility and normal spermiograms. The oocyte penetration ability of sperm may be partially impaired in the not equal to 10/not equal to 10 patients but most of them can be successfully treated with ICSI.     

A study of finger lengths, semen quality and sex hormones in 360 young men from the general Danish population

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that finger length may correlate with function or disorders of the male reproductive system. This is based on the HOXA and HOXD genes' common embryological control of finger development and differentiation of the genital bud. The objective of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of 2nd to 4th finger length (2D:4D ratio) and testis function in a sample of young Danish men from the general population. METHODS: Semen samples and finger measurements were obtained from a total of 360 young Danish men in addition to blood samples for sex hormone analysis to describe the possible association between 2D:4D and semen and sex-hormone parameters. RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse association with the 2D:4D was found only in relation to hormone levels of FSH in the group of young men with a 2D:4D >1 (P = 0.036) and a direct association with the total sperm count in the group of young men with a 2D:4D < or = 1 (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: The statistically significant results may be 'false positives' (type I error) rather than representing true associations. This relatively large study of young, normal Danish men shows no reliable association between 2D:4D finger ratio and testicular function. Measurements of finger lengths do not have the power to predict the testicular function of adult men.     

Interaction between prostaglandin D2 and chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells mediates cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes in response to activated mast cells

The mechanisms by which immunologically activated mast cells stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines by T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes were investigated in a human cell culture system. Supernatants collected from cord blood‐derived mast cells after treatment with immunoglobulin E (IgE)/anti‐IgE contained an activity that stimulated the production of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 (both mRNA and protein) by Th2 lymphocytes. This activity was not detected in supernatants from unactivated mast cells and its production was inhibited by treatment of activated mast cells with the cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor diclofenac. The concentration of diclofenac used inhibited completely the production of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) but did not inhibit the release of histamine or leukotriene C₄. The effect of supernatants from activated mast cells was mimicked by exogenous PGD₂ at concentrations similar to those detected in the cultures of activated mast cells, and addition of exogenous PGD₂ to supernatants from diclofenac‐treated mast cells restored their ability to stimulate Th2 cytokine production. The ability of the mast cell supernatants to stimulate production of Th2 cytokines was not affected by addition of diclofenac to the Th2 cells directly, indicating that the production, but not the action, of the factor was sensitive to diclofenac treatment. Inhibition of chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) abolished the effect of the mast cell supernatants on Th2 cytokine production. These data indicate that mast cells have the ability to stimulate Th2 cells to elaborate cytokines independently of T cell receptor activation or co‐stimulation and this response is mediated by PGD₂ acting upon CRTH2 expressed by Th2 cells.     

自理模式在脑血管病患者护理中的应用

护士对182例病人提供了部分、完全补偿性护理及健康教育，满足不同病情病人对护理的需要。每月进行间卷、口头调查。结果病人和家属疾病相关知识及自我护理方法的知晓率由31％升至91％，对病区护理工作的满意度由64％升至96％。笔提出：护士的健康教育技能有待提高，护理管理应及时评价自理模式实施的效果，发现偏差，及时纠正。