经腹外斜肌入路隆乳术

为降低假体置入隆乳术后的纤维包膜挛缩的发生率，自１９９０年以来采用经乳房下腹外斜肌入路行隆乳术９６例，术后随访半年以上者７２例；其中６７例（９３．１％）乳房外观挺拔自然，手感柔软，２例（２．８％）发生单侧乳房硬化。此术式可提供一个完整的肌腔隙将假体完全覆盖，从而可以明显降低纤维包膜挛缩的发生率。     

改良斜轴位磁共振成像扫描在距腓前韧带损伤中的应用价值

目的  评估改良斜轴位磁共振成像（MRI）检查对慢性踝关节不稳患者距腓前韧带损伤诊断的可靠性及有效性。方法  选取2013年1月-2015年11月从该院预行踝关节镜检查的住院患者中招募研究对象。所有研究对象行踝关节常规轴位及改良斜轴位MRI检查,利用MRI图像评估距腓前韧带损伤,对比上述检查对韧带全长的显示效果,利用ICC指数评估观察者间一致性,以踝关节镜检查结果作为金标准,评估上述检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值,阳性预测值、准确性。结果  招募91例研究对象。其中,男性49例,女性42例,平均（34.6±13.2）岁。常规轴位MRI显示,效果与改良斜轴位MRI的差异有统计学意义（观察者A：Z =-4.987,P =0.000;观察者B：Z =-4.084,P =0.000）,斜轴位MRI检查观察者间ICC指数为0.943,95%CI：0.902,0.987。共有60例患者经关节镜检查确诊为距腓前韧带损伤。改良斜轴位MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及准确度：观察者A分别为92%、97%、86%、98%和95%;观察者B分别为95%、94%、91%、97%和95%。结论  对于诊断距腓前韧带损伤,改良斜轴位MRI检查具有很好的观察者间一致性以及突出的诊断价值,可以较好地显示韧带全长,值得在临床推广应用。

     

Torsion in patients with superior oblique palsies: dynamic torsion during saccades and changes in Listing’s plane

Background The purpose was to assess intra- and post-saccadic torsion in superior oblique palsy (SOP) patients and the effect of surgery on torsion. Methods Eleven patients with a presumed congenital SOP and five with acquired SOP performed 10° vertical saccades over a range of ±20°. Eye movements were recorded with dual search coils. Dynamic torsion was calculated by subtracting the expected change in torsion during the saccade (based upon static torsion before and after the saccade) from the maximum intrasaccadic torsion. Eight healthy subjects were controls. We also examined the effects of surgery on dynamic torsion and the orientation of Listing’s plane in patients with congenital SOP who were operated on either by weakening of the inferior oblique muscle on the affected eye (n = 5), by recession of the inferior rectus muscle on the normal eye (n = 4) or by both procedures (n = 2). Postoperative recordings were obtained at least 1 month after surgery. Results Patients with congenital and acquired SOP showed an increased dynamic extorsion, primarily during downward saccades. Following a recession of the inferior oblique muscle in congenital SOP patients, half showed significant decreases in extorsion (up to 1.0°) during downward saccades by the affected eye. Following surgery all showed a temporal rotation of Listing’s plane (up to 15° for primary position). Conclusion Patients with a SOP show a characteristic pattern of dynamic torsion during vertical saccades differing from normals. Recession of the inferior oblique muscle leads to rotation of Listing’s plane in all congenital SOP patients and causes large changes in dynamic torsion in a subgroup of them, perhaps reflecting the heterogeneity of congenital SOP. This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG 860/2-1, Bonn Germany, Grant EYO1489, from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, the Abe Pollin scholarship fund, Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 3200B0-105434 and the Betty and David Koetser Foundation for Brain Research, Zurich, Switzerland.     

Dose–response relationship in inferior oblique muscle recession

BACKGROUND: Recession of the inferior oblique muscle is a widely applied operation in the treatment of strabismus sursoadductorius. In this retrospective study, the dose-response relationship of this procedure was determined in order to improve surgical outcomes. In particular, the effect of an additional anteroposition of the operated muscle was analysed, as well as differences between short and long term results. METHODS: This retrospective study included 37 patients. Inclusion criteria were unilateral strabismus sursoadductorius and normal retinal correspondence. Exclusion criteria comprised previous ocular muscle surgery and any ocular or orbital disease. Nineteen patients had received an additional anteroposition of the muscle. Patients were examined at a tangent screen pre-operatively and 1 day post-operatively (short-term effect). Sixteen patients underwent an additional examination 3 months post-operatively (long-term effect). Changes of vertical, torsional and horizontal deviations, measured in different positions of gaze, were related to the surgical dose in order to calculate the dose-response relationship by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Surgery always reduced preoperative deviations. The short-term vertical dose-response without/with anteroposition was 0.6 degrees /0.5 degrees per mm in primary gaze and 1.2 degrees /1.1 degrees per mm in adduction. The short-term torsional dose-response without/with anteroposition was 0.8 degrees /0.5 degrees per mm in primary gaze. Three months later, the vertical effect had remained constant, whereas the torsional effect had decreased to 0.6 degrees /0.1 degrees per mm. Variance was high, e.g. the standard deviation of the short-term effect for the vertical deviation in adduction was 2.5 degrees . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the large variation of effects, a dose-response relationship could be established, facilitating surgical planning. Large vertical deviations with small excyclodeviation are an indication for additional anteropositioning. The torsional effect of inferior oblique muscle recessions can diminish over time.     

67例V型斜视的手术探讨

目的 探讨V型斜视的临床特征及不同手术方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析了67例V型斜视的手术治疗.其中外斜V征46例,内斜V征21例,依据是否伴有下斜肌功能亢进及亢进程度,行下斜肌减弱术或水平直肌垂直移位术,所有患者按原在位水平偏斜度常规矫正水平斜视.观察手术前后的眼位、斜肌功能和双眼视觉.结果 67例手术中,49例行下斜肌后徙术或后徙转位术,术后43例上、中、下均正位,V征消失;术前无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进"+"者13例,行水平直肌垂直移位术后11例正位,V征消失.67例患者术后19例恢复双眼视.结论 下斜肌后徙,后徙转位术适用于下斜肌功能亢进(++)-(+++)的V征,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进+的V征,应根据下斜肌功能亢进程度选择手术方式.     

垂直扫视运动检查在上斜肌麻痹中的应用

目的 建立不同年龄正常人垂直扫视运动峰速的参数;了解该检查的可重复性;研究上斜肌麻痹患者垂直扫视运动的峰速变化特点.方法 采用运动EOG法检查22例正常人（青年组12例和中老年组10例）及18例上斜肌麻痹患者的垂直扫视运动峰速,正常人中10例在1周至1个月内重复本检查.结果 正常人4个方位的平均峰速均较对称,各方位向上与向下运动、左右眼各相对应方向、中老年组与青年组相对应方向、重复性试验者前后两次检查相对应方向平均峰速差异均无统计学意义;上斜肌麻痹眼内下方向下运动平均峰速较向上运动平均峰速降低大约20%,而其余方位无明显差异.结论 垂直扫视运动检查具有较好的可重复性和稳定性,可以用作上斜肌麻痹的定量检查.     

Effects of Fuscoporia obliqua on Postprandial Glucose Excursion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Postprandial hyperglycemia has been reported to elicit endothelial dysfunction and provoke future cardiovascular complications. A reduction of postprandial blood glucose levels by the glucosidase inhibitor Fuscoporia obliqua was associated with a risk reduction of cardiovascular complications, but the effects of Fuscoporia obliqua on endothelial function have never been elucidated. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy of Fuscoporia obliqua on postprandial metabolic parameters and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. Postprandial peak glucose (14.47±1.27 vs. 8.50±0.53 mmol/liter), plasma glucose excursion (PPGE), and change in the area under the curve (AUC) glucose after a single loading of test meal (total 450 kcal; protein 15.3%; fat 32.3%; carbohydrate 51.4%) were significantly higher in the diet-treated type 2 diabetic patients (n=14) than the age- and sex-matched controls (n=12). The peak forearm blood flow response and total reactive hyperemic flow (flow debt repayment) during reactive hyperemia, indices of resistance artery endothelial function on strain-gauge plethysmography, were unchanged before and after meal loading in the controls. But those of the diabetics were significantly decreased 120 and 240 min after the test meal. A prior administration of Fuscoporia obliqua decreased postprandial peak glucose, PPGE, and AUC glucose. The peak forearm blood flow and flow debt repayment were inversely well correlated with peak glucose, PPGE, and AUC glucose, but not with AUC insulin or the other lipid parameters. Even a single loading of the test meal was shown to impair the endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients, and the postprandial endothelial dysfunction was improved by a prior use of Fuscoporia obliqua. Fuscoporia obliqua might reduce macrovascular complication by avoiding endothelial injury in postprandial hyperglycemic status.     

先天性上斜肌麻痹手术治疗的年龄探讨

目的:探讨先天性上斜肌麻痹的早期手术治疗年龄。方法:回顾性总结我科7mo～7岁21例先天性上斜肌麻痹患者接受下斜肌部分切除术的手术效果。结果:本组7mo～7岁21例患儿垂直斜视及伴水平斜视和V型斜视术后均获矫正,20例代偿头位完全改善,1例部分改善,术后1wk内头位完全矫正率2岁以下为91%(10/11),2岁以上40%(4/10)。21例Bielschowsky歪头试验全部阴性,无1例并发症发生。结论:先天性上斜肌麻痹一经确诊,应及时手术。1岁内患儿有代偿头位,垂直斜视,且Bielschowsky歪头试验阳性,全身状况良好者,可即行手术矫正。     

47例V型斜视的临床分析

目的探讨V型斜视的临床特征及手术矫正的效果。方法回顾性总结北京大学第一医院小儿眼科47例下斜肌功能亢进致V型斜视,行下斜肌后徒+水平肌手术,观察术后眼位,下斜肌功能。结果下斜肌后徒+水平肌手术对V型斜视疗效满意。结论下斜肌功能亢进是V型斜视发病的主要原因,V型斜视手术方式主要是下斜肌后徒+水平肌手术。