Optimal Fluoroscopic Projections of Coronary Ostia and Bifurcations Defined by Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to define the optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations by using 3-dimensional multislice computed tomographic data.BackgroundOptimal fluoroscopic projections are crucial for coronary imaging and interventions. Historically, coronary fluoroscopic viewing angles were derived empirically from experienced operators.MethodsIn this analysis, 100 consecutive patients who underwent computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) for suspected coronary artery disease were studied. A CTCA-based method is described to define optimal viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations to guide percutaneous coronary interventions.ResultsThe average optimal viewing angle for ostial left main stenting was left anterior oblique (LAO) 37°, cranial (CRA) 22° (95% confidence interval [CI]: LAO 33° to 40°, CRA 19° to 25°) and for ostial right coronary stenting was LAO 79°, CRA 41° (95% CI: LAO 74° to 84°, CRA 37° to 45°). Estimated mean optimal viewing angles for bifurcation stenting were as follows: left main: LAO 0°, caudal (CAU) 49° (95% CI: right anterior oblique [RAO] 8° to LAO 8°, CAU 43° to 54°); left anterior descending with first diagonal branch: LAO 11°, CRA 71° (95% CI: RAO 6° to LAO 27°, CRA 66° to 77°); left circumflex bifurcation with first marginal branch: LAO 24°, CAU 33° (95% CI: LAO 15° to 33°, CAU 25° to 41°); and posterior descending artery and posterolateral branch: LAO 44°, CRA 34° (95% CI: LAO 35° to 52°, CRA 27° to 41°).ConclusionsCTCA can suggest optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of coronary artery ostia and bifurcations. As the frequency of use of diagnostic CTCA increases in the future, it has the potential to provide additional information for planning and guiding percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.     

Calretinin inputs are confined to motoneurons for upward eye movements in monkey

Motoneurons of extraocular muscles are controlled by different premotor pathways, whose selective damage may cause directionally selective eye movement disorders. The fact that clinical disorders can affect only one direction, e.g., isolated up‐/downgaze palsy or up‐/downbeat nystagmus, indicates that up‐ and downgaze pathways are organized separately. Recent work in monkey revealed that a subpopulation of premotor neurons of the vertical eye movement system contains the calcium‐binding protein calretinin (CR). With combined tract‐tracing and immunofluorescence, the motoneurons of vertically pulling eye muscles in monkey were investigated for the presence of CR‐positive afferent terminals. In the oculomotor nucleus, CR was specifically found in punctate profiles contacting superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons, as well as levator palpebrae motoneurons, all of which participate in upward eye movements. Double‐immunofluorescence labeling revealed that CR‐positive terminals lacked the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase, which is present in inhibitory afferents to all motoneurons mediating vertical eye movements. Therefore, CR‐containing afferents are considered to be excitatory. In conclusion, a strong CR input is confined to motoneurons mediating upgaze, which derive from premotor pathways mediating saccades and smooth pursuit, but not from secondary vestibulo‐ocular neurons in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus. The functional significance of CR in these connections is unclear, but it may serve as a useful marker to locate upgaze pathways in the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3154–3166, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

携带腹外斜肌腱膜的髂腹股沟皮瓣修复足背肌腱及皮肤缺损北大核心CSCD

目的探讨携带腹外斜肌腱膜的髂腹股沟皮瓣修复足背肌腱及皮肤缺损的疗效。方法 2016年10月—2020年1月,收治12例外伤导致的足背复合组织缺损。男9例,女3例;年龄32~65岁,中位年龄42岁。足背皮肤软组织缺损范围为8 cm×5 cm~12 cm×8 cm;创面均伴伸肌腱损伤,其中踇长伸肌腱缺损6例,趾长伸肌腱缺损5例,趾长、短伸肌腱缺损3例。受伤至入院时间为1~6 h,平均3 h。入院后急诊彻底清创,二期采用携带腹外斜肌腱膜的髂腹股沟皮瓣修复足背创面及肌腱缺损。皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×6 cm~13 cm×9 cm,腹外斜肌腱膜切取范围为5.5 cm×3.0 cm~8.0 cm×5.0 cm。供区直接缝合关闭。结果术后12例皮瓣全部成活,供、受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间16~24个月,平均18个月。皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软。末次随访时,根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)跖趾-趾间关节量表评分获优9例、良3例;伸趾功能重建满意。供区仅遗留线性瘢痕,未出现腹壁疝等并发症。结论髂腹股沟皮瓣供区隐蔽,切取位置表浅、易于修薄,可携带腹外斜肌腱膜修复肌腱缺损,是一期修复足背肌腱及皮肤缺损的理想皮瓣。     

新生儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝的彩色多普勒超声诊断价值

目的分析新生儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝的声像图特征,评价彩色多普勒超声诊断价值。方法对11例新生儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝行超声检查,观察疝块的各项指标,包括大小、内部回声、形态及周边情况等,并用CDFI观察疝内容物的血流信号。结果新生儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝声像图多表现为阴囊内肿块,疝囊内容物以肠袢最为常见,超声可显示增厚的肠壁及肠腔内无回声区(积液)。CDFI:疝内容物血流信号较少。结论彩色多普勒超声能清晰地检出新生儿嵌顿性斜疝,是有效的诊断方法,对嵌顿性斜疝的诊断、鉴别诊断及预后评估有重要价值。     

先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹不同手术方式疗效观察

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹的疗效以及术后双眼视觉功能的恢复重建情况。方法:回顾性病例研究。选择2016-05/2019-05郑州市第二人民医院斜视与小儿眼科收治的82例先天性上斜肌麻痹患儿作为研究对象,根据患者第一眼位垂直斜视度、患眼下斜肌功能亢进程度、单眼及双眼运动情况等术前检查结果,设计相应的手术方式。包括下斜肌断腱术(3例)、下斜肌部分切除术(63例)、下斜肌徙后术(6例)、健眼下直肌徒后术(4例)、下斜肌减弱+对侧/同侧直肌术(5例)、上斜肌折叠术(1例)。结果:和手术前比较,手术后同时知觉、融合功能、远立体视、近立体视、矫正视力、代偿头位均得到明显改善(P<0.05);有无代偿头位患儿手术后立体视无差异(P>0.05)。结论:根据先天性单眼上斜肌麻痹病情严重程度选择不同的手术方式,在改善患儿视力、代偿头位方面具有积极意义,有助于重建双眼视觉功能。     

Effect of unilateral inferior oblique weakening on fundus torsion in bilateral eyes of children with congenital superior oblique palsy

AIM: To determine the frequency and types of retinal diseases in adult patients attending two public eye clinics of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the extend of the related visual loss. METHODS: Review of medical records of patients with retinal diseases seen in the major eye clinics in Kinshasa, the University Hospital of Kinshasa (UHK) and Saint Joseph Hospital (SJH), from January 2012 to December 2014. Demographics and diagnoses were retrieved and analyzed. Outcome measures were frequency and prevalence of retinal diseases, blindness and low vision. RESULTS: A total of 40 965 patients aged 40y or older were examined during this period in both clinics. Of these, 1208 had retinal disease, giving a 3-year and an annual prevalence of 3% and 1%, respectively. Mean age was 61.7±10.7y, 55.8% of the patients were males. Arterial hypertension (68.1%) and diabetes (43.3%) were the most common systemic comorbidities. Hypertensive retinopathy (41.8%), diabetic retinopathy (37.9%), age-related macular degeneration (14.6%), and chorioretinitis and retinal vein occlusion (7.3% each) were the most common retinal diseases, with 3-year prevalence rates were 1.3%, 1.0%, 0.43%, and 0.21% respectively. Bilateral low vision and blindness were present in 26.8% and 8.4% of the patients at presentation. Major causes of low vision and blindness were diabetic retinopathy (14.8%), age-related macular degeneration (4.9%), retinal detachment (2.8%), and retinal vein occlusion (2.5%). The prevalence was significantly higher among males than females, and at the UHK than SJH. CONCLUSION: Retinal diseases are common among Congolese adult patients attending eye clinics in Kinshasa. They cause a significant proportion of low vision and blindness.     

Selective age-related changes in orientation perception

Orientation perception is a fundamental property of the visual system and an important basic processing stage for visual scene perception. Neurophysiological studies have found broader tuning curves and increased noise in orientation-selective neurons of senescent monkeys and cats, results that suggest an age-related decline in orientation perception. However, behavioral studies in humans have found no evidence for such decline, with performance being comparable for younger and older participants in orientation detection and discrimination tasks. Crucially, previous behavioral studies assessed performance for cardinal orientation only, and it is well known that the human visual system prefers cardinal over oblique orientations, a phenomenon called the oblique effect. We hypothesized that age-related changes depend on the orientation tested. In two experiments, we investigated orientation discrimination and reproduction for a large range of cardinal and oblique orientations in younger and older adults. We found substantial age-related decline for oblique but not for cardinal orientations, thus demonstrating that orientation perception selectively declines for oblique orientations. Taken together, our results serve as the missing link between previous neurophysiological and human behavioral studies on orientation perception in healthy aging.     

Evaluation of Blalock-Taussig shunts in newborns: value of oblique MRI planes

Eight infants with systemic-pulmonary Blalock-Taussig shunts were evaluated by spin-echo ECG-gated MRI. Contrary to Echocardiography, MRI using coronal oblique projections successfully visualized all palliative shunts entirely in one single plane (including one carried out on a right aberrant subclavian artery). MRI allowed assessment of size, course and patency of the shunt, including pulmonary and subclavian insertion. The proximal portion of the pulmonary and subclavian arteries were also visualized. We conclude that MRI with axial scans completed by coronal oblique planes is a promising, non invasive method for imaging the anatomical features of Blalock-Taussig shunts.     

肝硬化并嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝15例治疗分析

目的探讨肝硬化并嵌顿性斜疝的临床病理特点及治疗原则。方法回顾性分析2000～2005年收治的15例肝硬化并嵌顿性斜疝病人的临床资料,总结治疗要点。结果14例临床治愈,1例死于术后并发症。11例随诊中无复发,1例失去随诊。结论肝硬化并嵌顿性斜疝急诊手术风险较高,而根据病人不同情况采取相应的手术方式,加强围手术期处理,是治疗成功的关键。