运用网络药理学探讨桑麻止咳汤治疗西北燥证兼慢性支气管炎的作用机制

[目的] 运用网络药理学探讨桑麻止咳汤治疗西北燥证兼慢性支气管炎的作用机制。[方法] 利用多个数据库获取药物有效成分、疾病靶点,取两者交集基因。通过STRING和DAVID数据库构建蛋白相互作用网络和富集分析,运用Cytoscape建立中药-成分-疾病靶点网络。运用Autodock Vina软件进行分子对接验证。[结果] 筛选得到桑麻止咳汤活性成分287个,药物靶点1 147个,疾病靶点213个。基因本体（GO）富集分析得到93个条目,京都基目与基因组百科（KEGG）通路富集分析确立了49条相关通路。分子对接结果显示药物主要活性成分与核心靶点结合活性良好。[结论] 研究发现,桑麻止咳汤可能通过白细胞介素-17（IL-17）和晚期糖基化终产物及其受体（AGE-RAGE）等信号通路影响肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP9）、白蛋白（ALB）和MMP1等靶蛋白的表达,槲皮素、棕榈酸、山奈酚和芹菜素可能是其发挥多靶点和多途径治疗西北燥证兼慢性支气管炎的主要成分。     

Independent mutational events are rare in the ATM gene: haplotype prescreening enhances mutation detection rate

Mutations in the ATM gene are responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Many different mutations have been identified using various techniques, with detection efficiencies ranging from 57 to 85%. In this study, we employed short tandem repeat (STR) haplotypes to enhance mutation identification in 55 unrelated A-T families of Iberian origin (20 Spanish, 17 Brazilian, and 18 Hispanic-American); we were able to identify 95% of the expected mutations. Allelic sizes were standardized based on a reference sample (CEPH 1347-2). Subsequent mutation screening was performed by PTT, SSCP, and DHPLC, and abnormal regions were sequenced. Many STR haplotypes were found within each population and six haplotypes were observed across several of these populations. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes further suggested that most of these common mutations are ancestrally related, and not hot spots. However, two mutations (8977C>T and 8264_8268delATAAG) may indeed be recurring mutational events. Common haplotypes were present in 13 of 20 Spanish A-T families (65%), in 11 of 17 Brazilian A-T families (65%), and, in contrast, in only eight of 18 Hispanic-American families (44%). Three mutations were identified that would be missed by conventional screening strategies. In all, 62 different mutations (28 not previously reported) were identified and their associated haplotypes defined, thereby establishing a new database for Iberian A-T families, and extending the spectrum of worldwide ATM mutations.     

First helminthological data on Iberian vipers: Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships

European vipers are ambush predators with sporadic feeding events, thereby maintaining the digestive tract empty for long periods. According to previous studies relating lizards’ dietary habits and their helminth faunas, we predict poor gastrointestinal helminth communities in vipers. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the digestive tract of 86 specimens of Vipera aspis (L., 1758) and V. latastei Boscá, 1878, from several localities of the Iberian Peninsula. We found adults of only two nematode species Kalicephalus viperae (Rud., 1819) and Ophidascaris sp. and cysts adhering to the external wall on the stomach in case of two other nematode species Ascarops strongylina (Rud., 1819) and Spirurida gen. sp. All these nematodes are common parasite species in snakes, although Ophidascaris sp. has never before been recorded in Vipera sp. The low prevalence and small number of parasite species in Iberian vipers matched their low feeding rates. However, our results contrast with studies in Poland and Belarus of V. berus species, in which nematodes, as well as trematodes, are common and abundant. Rainfall rates are lower in the Iberian Peninsula than in eastern Central Europe, where amphibians are more available and consumed by V. berus. Amphibians, intermediate hosts for these helminths, have been recorded only sporadically as prey for V. aspis and V. latastei, thus supporting the absence of trematodes in both Iberian viper species. Among populations of Iberian vipers, the prevalence of parasites correlates with the feeding rate (i.e. percentage of vipers with prey), suggesting a linkage between the two parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that several factors, including climatic characteristics of localities, feeding rates of predators, and type of prey consumed, influence the number and type of parasites in Iberian vipers.     

中国西北地区早期鼻咽癌调强放疗联合化疗的临床研究

目的 分析生长在西北地区的早期鼻咽癌(T_1~2N_0~1期)患者调强放疗联合化疗的疗效及预后因素。方法 回顾分析2006—2009年本院收治的 58例早期鼻咽癌患者临床资料。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,并Logrank法检验和单因素分析。结果 随访率100%,随访满2、3年者分别为50、46例。全组1、2、3年生存率分别为98%、94%、91%。分层分析显示T₁N_0~1、T₂N₀期与T₂N₁期 3年总生存率、局部无复发生存率、无远处转移生存率不同,分别为100%和74%、100%和81%、100%和87%(χ²=5.74、4.95、4.24,P=0.01、0.03、0.04);全组放化疗与单纯放疗的不同,分别为100%与85%、100%与85%、100%与88%(χ²=4.02、4.12、4.84,P=0.04、0.03、0.02);T₂N₁期中放化疗与单纯放疗的也不同,分别为100%与79%、100%与79%、100%与80%(χ²=5.28、4.84、4.72,P=0.03、0.04、0.04)。单因素分析显示N分期、临床分期、放化疗与生存相关(χ²=5.39、5.74、4.02,P=0.02、0.01、0.04)。结论 早期鼻咽癌各亚组中T₂N₁期是远处转移的高危亚组,调强放疗联合化疗可能提高该组病例的无复发生存率、无远处转移生存率及总生存率。     

High-Fructose,High-Fat Diet Alters Muscle Composition and Fuel Utilization in a Juvenile Iberian Pig Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious metabolic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A “Western-style diet” has been shown to induce pediatric NAFLD with the potential disruption of skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. To determine the in vivo effect of a “Western-style diet” on pediatric skeletal muscle fiber type and fuel utilization, 28 juvenile Iberian pigs were fed either a control diet (CON) or a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFF), with or without probiotic supplementation, for 10 weeks. The HFF diets increased the total triacylglycerol content of muscle tissue but decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and the number of type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibers. HFF diets induced autophagy as assessed by LC3I and LC3II, and inflammation, as assessed by IL-1α. No differences in body composition were observed, and there was no change in insulin sensitivity, but HFF diets increased several plasma acylcarnitines and decreased expression of lipid oxidation regulators PGC1α and CPT1, suggesting disruption of skeletal muscle metabolism. Our results show that an HFF diet fed to juvenile Iberian pigs produces a less oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype, similar to a detraining effect, and reduces the capacity to use lipid as fuel, even in the absence of insulin resistance and obesity.     

Orthobunyavirus Antibodies in Humans, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

We performed a serologic investigation to determine whether orthobunyaviruses commonly infect humans in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Orthobunyavirus-specific antibodies were detected by plaque reduction neutralization test in 146 (18%) of 823 persons tested. Further studies are needed to determine health risks for humans from this potentially deadly group of viruses.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

Coronavirus nCOVID-19: A pandemic disease and the Saudi precautions

Now nCOVID-19 has a foothold in many countries, and the threat of a pandemic situation has risen. Recently a novel coronavirus (nCOVID-19) has first emerged in China, causing multiple symptoms in humans and closely related to those caused by SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). The nCOVID-19 has reported in Wuhan city of China has recently infected over six million people and at least 0.4 million confirmed deaths all over the world, while 2.8 million people has recovered from this deadly virus. Many instances of this respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection have already reported in more than 216 countries and territories. In contrast, the majority of cases reported in the USA, Brazil, Russia, Spain, UK, Italy, France and many more countries. In today's context, the coronavirus is one of the significant issues faced by the world with plenty of cases. In these circumstances, rapid reviews which recommended by WHO (World Health Organization), and these recommendations are very significant, helpful and cover current data with different preventive measures developed by the Saudi CDC (Saudi Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). This review article describes the possible modes of transmission so that proper preventive actions should be taking. Importantly, this work mentioned the animal reservoir through which may infect humans, and it must be identified to break the transmission chain. In additions, this review paper briefly discussed the spread of the coronavirus in the Arabian Peninsula and what precaution measures are in place by each country to limit the spreading of this virus. Finally, since the number of infected people specifically those with close contact with nCOVID-19 patients is increasing daily and appears unstoppable, we used the preventive measures by pharmacists as part of health care professions.     

Hereditary pediatric cataract on the Arabian Peninsula

Hereditary pediatric cataract on the Arabian Peninsula does not follow the same epidemiological patterns as described for Western populations. This article describes selected genetic causes for inherited pediatric cataract in the region.