2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与尿白蛋白排泄率及颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清尿酸(SUA)水平与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)和颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)的关系.方法 2008年5月-2009年5月收治T2DM患者372例,其中男性184例,女性188例.收集相关临床资料.Pearson法检验患者SUA水平与各项临床指标的相关性;多元逐步回归法分析影响UAER和CIMT的相关因素.结果 男性T2DM患者SUA水平明显高于女性(P<0.01).男性和女性T2DM患者SUA水平均与UAER相关;在校正内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)的影响后,相关性仍然存在(男性:r=0.24, P<0.01;女性:r=0.29, P<0.01).女性T2DM患者SUA水平与CIMT相关(r=0.29, P<0.01). 多元逐步回归分析显示,SUA是T2DM患者UAER(男性: β=0.16,P<0.05;女性: β=0.20,P<0.05)及女性T2DM患者CIMT的独立相关因素(β=0.16,P<0.05).结论 SUA在T2DM患者肾病和心血管病的发生和发展中起一定作用,控制SUA水平可能有助于延缓糖尿病肾病和防治糖尿病血管并发症.     

白头翁提取液对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-10的影响

目的 研究白头翁提取液对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠血清细胞因子TNF-a、IL-10的影响.方法 将Wistar大鼠48只随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型组、中药高、中、低剂量组、SASP组,采用TNBS法制备溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,中药高、中、低各剂量组分别按相应剂量给予白头翁水提取液灌胃;SASP组给予SASP水溶液灌胃;正常对照组和模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,各组均连续给药15 d后观察大鼠结肠黏膜损伤指数(CM-DI)及检测血清中TNF-α、IL-10含量.结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠CMDI评分均增加;与模型组比较,白头翁各剂量组与SASP组CMDI评分均降低;与SASP组比较,白头翁中剂量组显著降低.与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中TNF-α含量显著上升,IL-10含量显著下降;与模型组相比,白头翁各剂量组与SASP组大鼠血清中TNF-α含量均显著下降,IL-10含量显著上升.结论 白头翁水提取液在溃疡性结肠炎的治疗中可能通过降低血浆中TNF-α水平和升高IL-10水平,起到促进溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜修复与溃疡愈合的作用.     

实验性脾气虚大鼠血清胃泌素、胃窦G细胞的变化及黄芪建中汤的干预

[目的]探讨脾气虚证大鼠血清胃泌素（gastrin,GAS）、胃窦黏膜胃泌素分泌细胞（G）的变化及黄芪建中汤的干预作用。[方法]以三因素复合的方法复制脾气虚证大鼠模型,随后分别以黄芪建中汤低、中、高剂量对脾气虚大鼠进行复健,在干预后不同时间段,分别检测血清木糖浓度、血清肌酸磷酸激酶活性、血清GAS水平及胃窦G细胞等指标。[结果]随用药时间的延长,各用药组上述指标逐步恢复;中、高剂量组用药21天时,与同期模型组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;其中,高剂量组对G细胞数的改善作用,优于中剂量组（P〈0.05）。[结论]脾气虚证胃窦G细胞数量减少,释放GAS减少,血清GAS水平降低;黄芪建中汤对脾气虚大鼠有可靠的治疗作用,中、高剂量均为有效用药浓度,尤以高剂量更为理想。     

龟板提取物靶向BMP4通路抑制PC12细胞凋亡

目的 探讨龟板提取物（Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum extracts,TCPE）对血清饥饿诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法 采用血清饥饿3 d的方法建立PC12细胞凋亡模型,并将细胞分为对照组,模型组,TCPE低、高剂量（3、30 μg/mL）组。在施加处理因素3 d后,用MTT比色分析测定细胞吸光度值,Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测Caspase-3、BMPs信号通路的表达水平,并检测BMPs信号通路阻断后TCPE的抗凋亡作用。用Bio-Rad Quantity One凝胶分析系统对条带进行半定量分析。结果 MTT与流式细胞术结果显示,TCPE能提高PC12细胞活性,降低PC12细胞凋亡率,并呈剂量依赖性,TCPE组与模型组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。Western blotting结果显示,TCPE能降低Caspase-3表达,增加BMP4、BMPR-IA、p-Smad1/5/8的表达,TCPE组与模型组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。TCPE对BMP2、BMP7、BMPR-II的表达没有影响,BMPR-IB没有被检测出。BMP4中和抗体减弱了TCPE的抗凋亡活性。结论 TCPE具有抑制血清饥饿诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用,且这种作用呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与激活BMP4信号通路表达有关。     

基于血清代谢组学分析热习服相关代谢产物及通路特征

目的：比较热习服与未习服人员血清中小分子代谢物差异,揭示人体热习服相关血清小分子代谢物特征。方法：以70例由温到热跨域作业人员为研究对象,以跨域后暴露于自然高温高湿环境作业或人工空调舒适环境作业为标准分为热习服组（n=40）和未习服组（n=30）。收集他们跨域后60d时清晨空腹血样,标准处理后采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对血清样本进行代谢组学检测,进一步使用Progenesis QI软件和ropls R包筛选两组人员的差异小分子代谢物,并进行KEGG通路富集度分析。结果：两组间年龄和BMI差异均无统计学意义。血清代谢组学检测共发现小分子代谢物1320个,未监督聚类分析能显著预测热习服组和未习服组。两组血清样本间浓度差异在1.5倍（p＜0.05）以上的小分子代谢物89个,其中57个在热习服组升高、32个在热习服组下降;进一步发现差异小分子代谢物主要富集于氨基酸代谢和甘油磷脂代谢等13条代谢通路,涉及色氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸等通路。结论：热环境暴露下的热习服训练改变了人体血清小分子代谢物的组学特征,表现为氨基酸代谢水平增强,其可能和热耐力的维护有关。     

The microbiome of lung cancer tissue and its association with pathological and clinical parameters

Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, although the microbiome has emerged as the key modulator of the carcinogenesis, it has not been evaluated in lung cancer. Here, we evaluated the microbial composition of lung cancer tissues according to the histologic type and genetic mutation, compared it with that of the adjacent normal lung tissues, and investigated the association between the lung microbiome and clinical parameters. We collected lung tissue samples from 162 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 162 cancer and 54 adjacent normal tissues), surgically resected between January 2018 and December 2019, and analyzed their microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the QIIME2 pipeline, and statistical analyses. NSCLC tissues had significantly lower alpha diversity than the normal tissues, and their microbial composition differed according to the histologic type and cancer genetic mutation. The genera Romboutsia, Novosphingobium, Acinetobacter, and Prevotella were significantly overrepresented in NSCLC tissues. Alpha diversity steadily declined from a normal to a more advanced stage, and microbial compositional differences were noted along with recurrence. Stenotrophomonas was the most predominant genus in the NSCLC tissues of patients with recurrence. The pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis were predominant in adenocarcinoma, whereas those related to purine and pyrimidine nucleotide degradation and formaldehyde assimilation were predominant in squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the altered lung cancer microbial composition might be associated with cancer initiation and/or progression.     

血清降钙素原清除率评估重型颅脑损伤肺部感染的价值

目的 对血清降钙素原清除率对于重型颅脑损伤患者肺部感染的治疗效果和预后评估价值进行分析。方法 选择2019年1月—2020年1月我院接诊的重型颅脑损伤患者80例作为本研究观察对象,所选80例重型颅脑损伤患者中包含恶化组患者40例、有效组患者40例,两组重型颅脑损伤患者全部接受血清降钙素原和血清降钙素原清除率检测,分析两组检测结果。结果 接受临床治疗前,两组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,治疗后恶化组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后1、3、7 d,恶化组40例重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原清除率水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 临床中采取动态观察重型颅脑损伤肺部感染患者的血清降钙素原水平和血清降钙素原清除率,能够良好地预测患者肺部感染的临床治疗效果和预后情况,应该给予大力推广与应用。     

Cerebral Complications of Snakebite Envenoming: Case Studies

There are an estimated 5.4 million snakebite cases every year. People with snakebite envenoming suffer from severe complications, or even death. Although some review articles cover several topics of snakebite envenoming, a review of the cases regarding cerebral complications, especially rare syndromes, is lacking. Here, we overview 35 cases of snakebite by front-fanged snakes, including Bothrops, Daboia, Cerastes, Deinagkistrodon, Trimeresurus, and Crotalus in the Viperidae family; Bungarus and Naja in the Elapidae family, and Homoroselaps (rare cases) in the Lamprophiidae family. We also review three rare cases of snakebite by rear-fanged snakes, including Oxybelis and Leptodeira in the Colubridae family. In the cases of viper bites, most patients (17/24) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, leading to six deaths. We then discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms that cause these complications. In cases of elapid bites, neural, cardiac, and ophthalmic disorders are the main complications. Due to the small amount of venom injection and the inability to deep bite, all the rear-fanged snakebites did not develop any severe complications. To date, antivenom (AV) is the most effective therapy for snakebite envenoming. In the six cases of viper and elapid bites that did not receive AV, three cases (two by viper and one by elapid) resulted in death. This indicates that AV treatment is the key to survival after a venomous snakebite. Lastly, we also discuss several studies of therapeutic agents against snakebite-envenoming-induced complications, which could be potential adjuvants along with AV treatment. This article organizes the diagnosis of hemotoxic and neurotoxic envenoming, which may help ER doctors determine the treatment for unidentified snakebite.     

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Binding Behaviors of Human Serum Albumin to Silver Nanoparticles

A nanoparticle, under biological milieu, is inclined to be combined with various biomolecules, particularly protein, generating an interfacial corona which provides a new biological identity. Herein, the binding interaction between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), and multiple spectroscopic techniques. Due to the ground state complex formed mainly through hydrophobic interactions, the fluorescence titration method proved that intrinsic fluorescence for HSA was probably statically quenched by AgNPs. The complete thermodynamic parameters were derived, indicating that the interaction between HSA and AgNPs is an entropy-driven process. Additionally, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectrum results suggested the conformational variation it has upon binding to AgNPs and the α-helix content has HSA visibly decreased. The kinetic experiments proved the double hysteresis effect has in HSA’s binding to the AgNPs surface. Moreover, the binding has between HSA and AgNPs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic characteristic and fits the Freundlich model for multilayer adsorption. These results facilitate the comprehension about NPs’ underlying biological effects under a physiological environment and promote the secure applications of NPs biologically and medically.     

热乙醇法提取猪血白蛋白工艺改良的探讨

目的介绍运用热乙醇法提取高纯度猪血白蛋白的改良工艺流程。方法采用热乙醇法,在合适的恒温时间和pH值的条件下,分离提纯猪血清白蛋白。结果猪血白蛋白的纯度〉97％,回收率〉80％。检测结果显示,其理化指标均符合《中国生物制品规程2000年版》的要求,适合扩大到中试生产。结论该法与低温乙醇法、利凡诺法和盐析法相比,具有工艺简单、成本低、纯度和回收率高的特点。