间硝苯吡啶与硝苯吡啶对左室功能及心肌氧耗的比较研究

间硝苯吡啶(M-Nif)为新合成的钙拮抗剂。实验表明,M-Nif可增加麻醉狗的CI、SI,降低麻醉猫的舒张压、TTI较Nif强而持久。Nif增加心率,M-Nif却无影响或略减少。M-Nif增加冠状窦氧含量,缩小动静脉氧差的强度弱于Nif,但降低心肌氧摄取率。二氧化碳产生率则较Nif强。提示M-Nif治疗充血性心力衰竭优于Nif。     

The incorporation of triethylcholine into isolated guinea pig cerebral cortex synaptosomal and synaptic vesicle fractions

The incorporation of triethylcholine (TEC) into synaptosomal and synaptic vesicle fractions prepared from guinea pig cerebral cortices was investigated. TEC was tritium labelled by a catalytic exchange process and purified by thin layer chromatography. ³H-TEC was incorporated into isolated synaptosomal fractions in both tris medium and a complete medium containing an external energy source. In this medium about 50% of the ³H-TEC incorporated was taken up into a chloroform-soluble fraction; almost no uptake into chloroform was demonstrated in the complete medium. After incubation of ³H-TEC with isolated synaptosomal fractions the ³H-TEC was shown to be localized in the subsynaptosomal synaptic vesicle fraction. The uptake process for ³H-TEC is inhibited by high concentrations of hemicholinium and choline. The temperature and time studies suggest that in synaptosomes an uptake process for TEC exists similar to that which has been observed for choline.     

Renal vein oxygen saturation in renal artery stenosis

Summary. Renal vein oxygen-saturation was measured in 56 patients with arterial hypertension and unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the renal artery. Oxygen-saturation in blood from the ischaemic kidney (84.4%, range 73–93%) was significantly higher than that from the ‘normal’ contralateral kidney (81.2%, range 70–90%, P<0.001). In only six patients, the ischaemic kidney revealed a venous oxygen-saturation below the contralateral value (mean difference ischaemic-normal kidney 3.2%, range -6 to 15%). The results indicate that the oxygen uptake in the chronic ischaemic kidney is more decreased than its blood flow. This is probably due to decreased filtration fraction and filtered sodium with subsequent reduction in absolute tubular re-absorption of sodium ions.     

A 12-week double-blind multi-centre study of paroxetine and imipramine in hospitalized depressed patients

Fifty-seven inpatients with major depression (DSM-III-R) entered a 12-week study comparing paroxetine and imipramine. Trends (not reaching statistical significance) in favour of paroxetine were seen on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The UKU Side Effect Rating Scale showed a significant difference in favour of paroxetine on reduced salivation. Global evaluation of side effect symptoms showed that significantly more paroxetine patients had no side effects, both in the investigators’ and the patients’ opinion. These results are in line with previous findings of paroxetine being an effective and well tolerated antidepressant.     

Comparison of the subregional distributions of the monoamine vesicular transporter and dopamine uptake complex in the rat striatum and changes during aging

Summary We have studied the heterogeneous distribution of the vesicular monoamine transporter, labelled with³H dihydrotetrabenazine (³H TBZOH) and the dopamine uptake complex, labelled with³H GBR12783 in the rat striatum. The ratio TBZOH/GBR12783 was higher in the anterior part of the striatum than in the caudal part. This discrepancy could not be explained by the contribution of serotoninergic innervation to³H TBZOH binding, since the ratio TBZOH/citalopram was also higher in the anterior striatum than in the caudal striatum. The monoamine vesicular transporter and the dopamine uptake complex were more abundant in the lateral regions than in the regions situated near the midline. In the caudal striatum, the ventral part was richer in vesicular transporter than the dorsal part. In aged rats (30 months), a significant decrease in the density of both transporters was noticed in the middle part of the striatum. In the anterior part of the striatum, the ratio TBZOH/GBR12783 was elevated in aged rats compared to adult ones. This could participate in a functional adaptation of the partially diminished population of dopaminergic neurons during aging.     

The intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of hemiparkinsonism: quantitative receptor autoradiographic evidence of correlation between circling behavior and presynaptic as well as postsynatic nigrostriatal markers in the rat

Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum resulted in almost immediate ipsilateral amphetamine (AMPH)- and delayed contralateral apomorphine (APO)-induced circling behavior in rats. APO-induced rotation correlated positively with that caused by AMPH. In these animals, there was al almost complete disappearance of dopamine uptake sites as well as increases in DA D₂ receptors in specific subdivision of the ipsilateral caudate-putamen CPu). Both the rate of AMPH- and APO-induced rotation correlated with the percentage of DA terminal loss in the total aspect and in various quadrants of the striatum. In contrast, AMPH- and APO-induced rotation correlated with the percentage increase in striatal D₂ receptors only in the dorsolateral (DL) aspect of the CPu. These results indicate that both AMPH- and APO-induced rotation can be sued to determine the extent of DA terminal loss in the rat basal ganglia. The positive correlation of circling behavior to only changes in DA D₂ receptors observed in the DL striatal subdivision provides further evidence for the heterogeneity of the basal ganglia. This model of hemiparkinsonism in the rat which uses a distant intrastriatal approach to the destruction of nigral DA cell bodies may be a more appropriate model to study the regenerative properties of the nigrostriatal DA system. This approach could also be used to more specifically localize peptidergic receptors on midbrain dopamine cell bodies     

EHF患者血清肌酐、尿素氮与尿中细胞融合指数的相关性

为探讨流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）患者肾脏损害与其尿液中融合细胞的融合指数（ＦＩ）之间的关系，检测了１６０例ＥＨＦ患者尿液融合细胞的ＦＩ值与血清中肌酐（Ｃｒ）、尿素氮（Ｂｕｎ）的水平，并将尿液融合细胞的ＦＩ值和相应患者血中Ｃｒ、Ｂｕｎ峰值进行相关性分析。结果表明，患者尿液融合细胞的ＦＩ值与血清Ｃｒ、Ｂｕｎ峰值呈直线正相关关系（ｒ＝０．８４８８，０．８７８１）。提示根据尿液融合细胞的融合程度可以判断患者肾脏损害的程度。     

Antisense c-myc Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Cellular Uptake

Antisense oligonucleotides have therapeutic potential as inhibitors of gene expression. However, the mechanism by which an intact oligonucleotide reaches the intracellular site of action is unknown. In this study, we use an Oligodeoxyribonucleotide 21-mer complementary to the translation initiation codon of the c-myc proto-oncogene to study the mechanism of oligonucleotide uptake and internalization into Rauscher Red 5-1.5 cells. We find trypsin-sensitive and trypsin-insensitive surface binding, in addition to internalization. Uptake is partially energy dependent and inhibited by charged molecules, including DNA, ATP, a random sequence oligonucleotide, and dextran sulfate. Uptake does not appear to occur via a traditional receptor-mediated uptake pathway because chloro-quine, monensin, and phenylarsine oxide pretreatment does not significantly decrease internalization. An anion channel inhibitor, SITS, and the salts, NaCl, Na₂SO₄, and NH₄Cl, significantly decrease oligonucleotide uptake. Whether uptake occurs via a channel or a novel uptake mechanism is still unknown. A model is proposed which reasonably simulates the experimental data.     

The serotonergic and noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus: their interactions and the effects of antidepressant treatments

Previous reviews have well illustrated how antidepressant treatments can differentially alter several neurotransmitter systems in various brain areas. This review focuses on the effects of distinct classes of antidepressant treatments on the serotonergic and the noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus, which is one of the brain limbic areas thought to be relevant in depression: it illustrates the complexity of action of these treatments in a single brain area. First, the basic elements (receptors, second messengers, ion channels, ...) of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus are revisited and compared. Second, the extensive interactions occurring between the serotonergic and the noradrenergic systems of the brain are described. Finally, issues concerning the short- and long-term effects of antidepressant treatments on these systems are broadly discussed. Although there are some contradictions, the bulk of data suggests that antidepressant treatments work in the hippocampus by increasing and decreasing, respectively, serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. This hypothesis is discussed in the context of the purported function of the hippocampus in the formation of memory traces and emotion-related behaviors.