尿干化学法检测阴性不可偏废沉渣镜检

通过对 5 0 0例经尿 11项试纸检查阴性的标本 ,沉渣镜检发现尚有 6 7例阳性 ,阳性率为 13.4 %。提示尿沉渣镜检 ,不失为泌尿系统疾病检查的必要手段不应忽视及偏废     

A simulation study of three sequential methods for the comparison of two treatment groups when the response criterion is censored

Three recent sequential methods, group sequential analysis (GSA), the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) and the triangular test (TT) are well suited to randomized clinical trials with a censored response criterion, as they do not require matched pairs of patients. We undertook a simulation study to investigate their statistical properties and to compare these three methods with the fixed-sample design. Our results suggest that the three methods have the expected statistical properties for size and power; they allow an important reduction of the average number of events before stopping, except with GSA when there is no treatment difference; the triangular test (closed design) appears the optimal design, as the variance of the number of events is smaller than with the sequential probability ratio test (open design) and analysis after every twenty new events does not alter the statistical properties of these sequential methods and enhances their usefulness.     

Contact urticaria from protein hydrolysates in hair conditioners

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are added to hair-care products (to "repair" broken hair), soaps, bath gels, creams, etc. From one to 22 PHs used in hair-care products (collagen, keratin, elastin, milk, wheat, almond, and silk) were tested in three patient groups: A) 11 hairdressers with hand dermatitis B) 2160 consecutive adults with suspected allergic respiratory disease subjected to routine skin prick tests C) 28 adults with atopic dermatitis.
In group A, all the 22 PHs were tested with scratch and patch tests. In groups B and C, one to three PHs were tested with prick tests. Positive scratch/prick test reactions were seen in 12 patients from three PHs altogether. All were women with atopic dermatitis, and all reacted to at least hydroxypropyl trimonium hydroly:ed collagen (Crotein Q"). In three patients, prick and open tests with a hair conditioner containing Crotein Q were performed with positive results. One patient reported contact urticaria on her hands, and two reported acute urticaria on their head, face, and upper body from a hair conditioner containing Crotein Q. In seven of the eight studied sera, specific IgE to Crotein Q was detected. In conclusion, PHs of hair cosmetics can cause contact urticaria, especially in patients with atopic dermatitis.     

An evaluation of the hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test as a predictor of fertilizing capacity in vitro

The ability of sperm to swell in hypo-osmotic conditions was examined in 211 semen samples from the partners of patients about to undergo oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). The test was performed using aliquots of semen, the remainder of which was then prepared for IVF. No significant difference was found, in either the percentage of swollen sperm or the type of swelling response, between samples that achieved fertilization in vitro and those that did not, or between any of the diagnostic categories of infertility (tubal damage, unexplained infertility, oligospermia). In samples which achieved fertilization in vitro there were correlations between sperm swelling and sperm motility (r = -0.51) and abnormal morphology (r = 0.33), but no such correlations were demonstrated in samples that failed to achieve fertilization. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the percentage of swollen sperm in semen (mean motility 64%), in samples immediately after preparation for IVF (mean motility 96%) or in capacitated sperm 24 h after preparation (mean motility 91%). These results demonstrate that the hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test does not assist in the prediction of the fertilizing capacity of human sperm in vitro.     

新生儿骨矿质含量及影响因素的研究

应用双光子及单光子吸收测定技术，检测了９２名出生３ｄ内的新生儿骨矿质含量，其中巨大儿３０名，正常体重儿３２名，低出生体重儿３０名，其孕龄分别是４０．１±０．７、３９．１±１．５和３７．４±１．２孕周。结果表明，巨大儿、正常体重儿、低出生体重儿的全身骨矿质含量分别是１０１．６±２８．８、８５．２±１９．８、５９．９±２７．２ｇ／ｃｍ２，巨大儿骨矿质含量最高，正常体重儿次之，低出生体重儿最低，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。颅骨、肱骨、股骨的骨矿质含量与全身的骨矿质含量有高度的相关性，相关系数分别是０．９４３、０．８７９和０．７４５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。全身的骨矿质含量与出生体重、孕龄及头围有高度相关性，相关系数分别是０．７５５、０．５９６和０．５５６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示颅骨、肱骨及股骨的任一部位均可代表全身的骨矿质含量，肱骨是确定全身骨矿质含量较好的部位，新生儿骨矿质含量受出生体重、孕龄及头围的影响较大。     

Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Dark Room Provocative Test

Purpose : To compare the clinical application value of Ultrasound biomicrsocpic dark room provocative test with the traditional dark room test in screening primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods: 22 eyes with PACG in prodromal stage and 30 eyes with deep anterior chamber and wide angle of 15 normal persons were observed in this trail. All 52 eyes were performed traditional dark room provocative test and ultrasound biomicorosopic darkroom test respectively. With different positive diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity of the two methods were compared using chi-squared analysis.Results : After staying in the dark room for 2 hours, In case group, IOP in 10 of 22 eyes rose more than 1. 07kPa(1kPa = 7.5mmHg), in 12 eyes less than 1.07kPa or had no changes; appositional angle closure were found by Goldmann gonioscopy in 8 eyes : 3 eyes in two quadrants, 5 eyes in more than two quadrants; the appositional angle closure was found by UBM in 15 eyes; 3 eyes in one quadrants, 5 eyes in two quadrants, 7 eyes     

Arachidonic acid metabolites in CSF in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy of newborn infants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebral synthesis of eicosanoids in the asphyctic newborn and to investigate the relation between the prostanoid profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the appearance and severity of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Levels of 6-keto-PGF _1-α, TXB₂, PGE₂ and PGF_2-α in CSF were measured in 40 full term newborns during the first day of life. Thirty of these newborns had birth asphyxia and were divided into three groups: 10 without HIE, 12 with mild HIE and 8 with moderate-severe HIE. They were compared to a control group of 10 non-hypoxic newborns. Determinations of the metabolites in CSF were performed by RIA and expressed as pg/ml (mean ± SD). The CSF TXB₂ (thromboxane A₂ metabolite) in asphyxiated newborns was always higher than in the control group (28.12 ± 10.6), and related to the severity of HIE ( p = 0:005): without HIE (50.84 ± 16.4; p = 0:02), mild HIE (80.65 ± 12.64; p ± 0:01) and moderate-severe HIE (178.14 ± 20.5; p < 0:01). The CSF 6-keto-PGF _1-α (prostacyclin metabolite) in asphyxiated newborns was always higher than in the control group (80.55 ± 12.56), but indirectly related to the severity of HIE: without HIE (240.95 ± 28.12; p < 0:01), mild HIE (183.65 ± 30.1; p < 0:01) and moderate-severe HIE (140.55 ± 25.12; p < 0:01). In the moderate-severe HIE group, the increase in TXB₂ was higher than the rise in 6-keto-PGF _1-α.     

MAO-A inhibition in brain after dosing with esuprone, moclobemide and placebo in healthy volunteers: in vivo studies with positron emission tomography

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not esuprone binds substantially to MAO-A in the human brain. Methods: In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study 16 male healthy volunteers were examined␣with positron emission tomography (PET) with [¹¹C]harmine. Eight of the volunteers were given daily doses of 800 mg esuprone, four were given bi-daily doses of 300 mg moclobemide, and four volunteers were given placebo tablets. PET was performed before initiation of a 7-day treatment period. On day 7, one investigation was made immediately before administration of the drug, representing 23 h after the previous day's treatment for esuprone and 11 h after the last tablets of moclobemide. Further investigations were made 4 h and 8 h after the morning dose on day 7. Results: PET showed a high degree of binding of [¹¹C]harmine, a high-affinity ligand for MAO-A, before the start of treatment, and a marked and similar reduction after treatment with esuprone and moclobemide. A slight tendency for normalisation of enzyme binding was observed at the last time point. In the placebo group no change was observed. Plasma kinetics of esuprone showed a rapid elimination with a half-life of about 4 h. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that esuprone was comparable to moclobemide in its effect on MAO-A inhibition in the brain at the doses given. This is an illustration of the potential of PET to monitor drug effects directly on target biochemical systems in the brain in human volunteers, and the possibility of using these data, rather than pharmacokinetic data, for the determination of dosing intervals. Received: 21 August 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 22 November 1996     

Rh血型不合新生儿溶血病检测方法及应用

产前检测Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子及抗人球蛋白（ｃｏｏｍｂｓ）试验是必要的。测定Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子及抗Ｄ滴度使用木瓜酶方法。通过对１１２６１例孕妇常规检查Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子，发现Ｄ阴性７４例。Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性妇女占６．５‰。２２例Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性的孕妇所分娩的新生儿均为Ｒｈ，Ｄ阳性。其中２例孕妇血清抗Ｄ滴度为１∶３２，病情严重，宫内输血无效，胎死宫内。初产妇１３例，占５９％。活产２０例，存活率９０％。Ｒｈ因子及抗人球蛋白试验方法简便、易行，一般医院均可进行。对有流产史、输血史的孕妇检查Ｒｈ因子是十分必要的。在有条件的医院，对Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性的产妇分娩Ｒｈ，Ｄ阳性的新生儿之后，产妇应预防性注射抗Ｄ免疫球蛋白