Palliative resection in gastric cancer

Fifty-one of 256 patients underwent a palliative procedure for advanced carcinoma of the stomach (TNM stage IV). The resection was classified as palliative if metastatic disease was left behind in the lymph nodes, if involvement of organs elsewhere in the abdominal cavity was present, or if microscopy revealed tumor tissue in the resection lines. Twenty-six patients underwent a resection for palliation. There were 14 total and 12 partial gastrectomies. There were 2 deaths after total gastrectomy because of anastomotic leakage. The mean survival time after operation was 9.5 months. In 13 patients (50%) palliation was good with preoperative symptomatic relief without initiating new symptoms, acceptable body weight, and solid food intake. In 7 patients (27%) palliation was moderate, and in 4 (15%) poor. The results after gastroenterostomy in 25 patients were poor. The study shows that palliative total and partial gastrectomy can produce palliation in advanced gastric cancer.     

Adult type GMl-gangliosidosis: a complementation study on somatic cell hybrids.

Two adult siblings with progressive pyramidal and extrapyramidal lesions, and generalized muscle atrophy had a profound deficiency of beta-galactosidase in all the cells and body fluids examined. Neuraminidase activity was normal in fibroblasts. The fused fibroblasts of infantile GMl-gangliosidosis and each of these adult patients had beta-galactosidase activity as expected for the average value in a mixture of equal numbers of parental cells. However, there was a remarkable increase in the activity of beta-galactosidase when the cells from each of these cases were fused with those from the beta-galactosidase-deficient adult with cherry-red spots, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus and neuraminidase deficiency in fibroblasts. It was concluded that the two siblings represent a new genetic variant (adult type) of GMl-gangliosidosis.     

Immunocytochemical Colocalization of Specific Immunoglobulin A with Sendai Virus Protein in Infected Polarized Epithelium

Immunoglobulin (Ig)A provides the initial immune barrier to viruses at mucosal surfaces. Specific IgA interrupts viral replication in polarized epithelium during receptor-mediated transport, probably by binding to newly synthesized viral proteins. Here, we demonstrate by immunoelectron microscopy that specific IgA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) accumulate within Sendai virus–infected polarized cell monolayers and colocalize with the hemagglutinin– neuraminidase (HN) viral protein in a novel intracellular structure. Neither IgG specific for HN nor irrelevant IgA mAbs colocalize with viral protein. Treatment of cultures with viral-specific IgA but not with viral-specific IgG or irrelevant IgA decreases viral titers. These observations provide definitive ultrastructural evidence of a subcellular compartment in which specific IgA and viral envelope proteins interact, further strengthening our hypothesis of intracellular neutralization of virus by specific IgA antibodies. Our results have important implications for intracellular protein trafficking, viral replication, and viral vaccine development.     

Enhancing CAR T function with the engineered secretion of C. perfringens neuraminidase

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Laninamivir octanoate: a new long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of influenza

Oseltamivir and zanamivir are well-established and well-researched drugs for the treatment of influenza in Japan and the rest of the world. A new neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, has been approved for use in Japanese clinics. Laninamivir octanoate is an inhaled drug with unique characteristics. The inhaled laninamivir octanoate is converted into its active form, laninamivir, in the lungs where a high concentration persists for a long period of time. The concentration of laninamivir exceeds the level necessary for influenza virus replication inhibition for at least 5 days, thus influenza can be treated with a single administration. The drug is delivered using one device requiring four inhalations for children and two devices requiring eight inhalations for adults. Clinical trials have shown comparable efficacy for laninamivir octanoate and oseltamivir. Laninamivir octanoate also displayed a sufficient antiviral effect to treat infection with H275Y-mutated oseltamivir-resistant virus. Laninamivir octanoate has displayed clinical efficacy comparable to that of oseltamivir and zanamivir against the H1N1 pandemic influenza strain from 2009, seasonal H3N2 influenza and influenza B viruses. The prophylactic efficacy of laninamivir octanoate has been shown in animal models. The effectiveness of laninamivir against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 has also been shown in vitro and in animal models. A major clinical benefit of this drug is that the single administration is very convenient for both the patient and doctor, which leads to improved compliance. Furthermore, this drug shows promise for the treatment of influenza in future pandemics.     

Resistance to anti-influenza drugs: adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors

Development of effective drugs for the treatment or prevention of epidemic and pandemic influenza is important in order to reduce its impact. Adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors are two classes of anti-influenza drugs available for influenza therapy currently. However, emergence of resistance to these drugs has been detected, which raises concerns regarding their widespread use. In this review, resistance to the adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors will be discussed in relation to both epidemic and pandemic influenza viruses.     

Productivity, apoptosis, and infection dynamics of influenza A/PR/8 strains and A/PR/8-based reassortants

In cell culture-based influenza vaccine production significant efforts are directed towards virus seed optimization for maximum yields. Typically, high growth reassortants (HGR) containing backbones of six gene segments of e.g. influenza A/PR/8, are generated from wild type strains. Often, however, HA and TCID₅₀ titres obtained do not meet expectations and further optimization measures are required.     

H1N1流感病毒D151G突变株对奥司他韦的抗药性研究及药物筛选

目的:观察H1N1流感病毒D151G突变株对奥司他韦的抗药性,筛选对D151G突变神经氨酸酶具有抑制作用的化合物.方法:采用分子动力学模拟和MM-GBSA自由能计算方法判断H1N1流感病毒D151G突变株对奥司他韦的抗药性;应用分子对接软件Autodoek从ZINC数据库筛选与D151G突变神经氨酸酶结合能力较强的化合...     

Comparison of differing cytopathic effects in human airway epithelium of parainfluenza virus 5 (W3A), parainfluenza virus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus

Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) infects a wide range of animals including dogs, pigs, cats, and humans; however, its association with disease in humans remains controversial. In contrast to parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), PIV5 is remarkably non-cytopathic in monolayer cultures of immortalized epithelial cells. To compare the cytopathology produced by these viruses in a relevant human tissue, we infected an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium and measured outcomes of cytopathology. PIV5, PIV3 and, RSV all infected ciliated cells, and PIV5 and PIV3 infection was dependent on sialic acid residues. Only PIV5-infected cells formed syncytia. PIV5 infection resulted in a more rapid loss of infected cells by shedding of infected cells into the lumen. These studies revealed striking differences in cytopathology of PIV5 versus PIV3 or RSV and indicate the extent of cytopathology determined in cell-lines does not predict events in differentiated airway cells.