Mode of Delivery and the Survival of Macrosomic Infants in the United States, 1995–1999

ABSTRACT: Background: Although increases in perinatal mortality risk associated with fetal macrosomia are well documented, the optimal route of delivery for fetuses with suspected macrosomia remains controversial. The objective of this investigation was to assess the risk of neonatal death among macrosomic infants delivered vaginally compared with those delivered by cesarean section. Methods: Data were derived from the U.S. 1995–1999 Linked Live Birth‐Infant Death Cohort files and term (37–44 wk), single live births to United States resident mothers selected. A proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk of neonatal death associated with cesarean delivery among 3 categories of macrosomic infants (infants weighing 4,000–4,499 g; 4,500–4,999 g; and 5,000+ g). Results: After controlling for maternal characteristics and complications, the adjusted hazard ratio for neonatal death associated with cesarean delivery among the 3 categories of macrosomic infants was 1.40, 1.30, and 0.85. Conclusions: Although cesarean delivery may reduce the risk of death for the heaviest infants (5,000+ g), the relative benefit of this intervention for macrosomic infants weighing 4,000–4,999 g remains debatable. Thus, policies in support of prophylactic cesarean delivery for suspected fetal macrosomia may need to be reevaluated. (BIRTH 33:4 December 2006)     

妈咪爱治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效评价

目的观察妈咪爱在新生儿黄疸治疗中的临床疗效。方法50例新生儿黄疸患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,每组25例。对照组进行常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上,加服妈咪爱,通过检测血清胆红素浓度观察其疗效。结果治疗组胆红素日均下降值为(61.22±28.63)μmol/L,明显高于对照组(39.87±23.11)μmol/L,P<0.01。平均治疗天数,治疗组为(4.1±2.4)d,明显比对照组(7.1±3.2)d短,P<0.01。结论妈咪爱用于新生儿黄疸治疗,可迅速降低血清胆红素水平,明显缩短治疗时间。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的临床表现和影像学特点

目的探讨急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的临床表现和影像学特点及其诊断价值。方法回顾性对23例急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的临床表现和影像学特点进行归纳和分析。结果23例患者中智能障碍23例（100％），言语功能障碍17例（73.9％），另有共济失调精神障碍帕金森综合症及尿失禁等。头部CT和MRI主要表现为皮层下脑白质异常信号及基底节区或苍白球区异常信号，极少累及大脑皮质脑干和小脑。结论急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诊断主要依靠病史和临床症状，MRI比CT更有诊断价值。     

氯吡格雷防治动脉粥样硬化缺血性疾病的研究进展

氯吡格雷防治动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂后血栓形成尤其是冠状动脉疾病及其经皮冠脉介入性治疗有了充足的临床试验证据,对于粥样斑块的形成和发展的相关依据正在进行,现就氯吡格雷全面预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化缺血性疾病的研究进展作一综述。     

超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床研究

目的评价超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效和安全性。方法选择2003年1月至2005年5月于本院进行超选择性动脉溶栓同时采用卒中登记方法收集的58例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,随访6个月,观察患者的预后。结果58例患者中并发脑出血6例(10．3%),其中症状性脑出血2例(3．4%)。1个月末、3个月末和6个月末分别死亡2例(3．4%)、4例(6．8%)和5例(9．3%)。3个月末和6个月未残疾或死亡例数分别为13例(22．4%)和9例(16．7%)。结论对选择的急性缺血性脑卒中患者进行超选择性动脉溶栓是有效和安全的。     

神经干细胞移植治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤的实验研究

目的 研究神经干细胞移植治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤的可行性。方法 取孕龄为12－16天的母鼠，从胎脑中分离神经细胞，进行培养、鉴定。用出生7天的SD大鼠的新生鼠制作缺氧缺血性脑损伤的动物模型，7天后接受神经干细胞移植（移植组，n＝16只），同时设置对照组，只注射磷酸缓冲液（对照组，n=8只），8－10周后，作Y迷宫实验检测大鼠的学习能力和记忆能力。取脑组织作免疫组织化学检查。结果 从大鼠胎脑中成功培养出神经干细胞，培养条件下呈悬浮状态生长，形成神经球，绝大多数的细胞表达神经干细胞的标志物神经巢蛋白（nestin）。接爱神经干细胞移植组大鼠的学习能力、记忆能力和对照组相比，有明显提高，差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）。接受神经干细胞移植大鼠组织中可见存活的移植细胞，并和宿主脑组织融合在一起。结论 在体外培养条件下，可从胎脑组织中培养出神经干细胞，移植到缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑内后，细胞与宿主的脑组织融合在一起，动物的学习、记忆能力有改善。移植神经干细胞是治疗缺氧缺知性脑损伤的有效方法之一。     

Are hospitals prepared to support newborn survival? – an evaluation of eight first‐referral level hospitals in Kenya*

Objective To assess the availability of resources that support the provision of basic neonatal care in eight first‐referral level (district) hospitals in Kenya. Methods We selected two hospitals each from four of Kenya’s eight provinces with the aim of representing the diversity of this part of the health system in Kenya. We created a checklist of 53 indicator items necessary for providing essential basic care to newborns and assessed their availability at each of the eight hospitals by direct observation, and then compared our observations with the opinions of health workers providing care to newborns on recent availability for some items, using a self‐administered structured questionnaire. Results The hospitals surveyed were often unable to maintain a safe hygienic environment for patients and health care workers; staffing was insufficient and sometimes poorly organised to support the provision of care; some key equipment, laboratory tests, drugs and consumables were not available while patient management guidelines were missing in all sites. Conclusion Hospitals appear relatively poorly prepared to fill their proposed role in ensuring newborn survival. More effective interventions are needed to improve them to meet the special needs of this at‐risk group.     

新生儿出生信息样本分析

目的:了解和探讨新生儿出生信息的分布态势及规律。方法:对本院2006年1~6月间所有新生儿出生信息进行样本分析。结果:半年间分娩的新生儿共1075例,其中死亡19例,双胞胎15例,以1028例单胎活产新生儿的出生体重、胎龄及产妇年龄作为研究样本进行分析,统计数据与传统意义上的正常胎龄和新生儿体重基本相符,胎龄、体重均值均有所提高。结论:孕产妇的健康状况和新生儿的体质均有所改善,随胎龄的增加,新生儿出生体重亦随之增加,并且,目前新生儿的整体统计体重要大于现有的临床指标,因此,应对现有的临床指标进行适当调整,重新确定低出生体重儿和巨大儿的临床指标。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血浆内皮素-1水平测定及临床意义

[目的]研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic-ischemic encephlopathy,HIE）患儿血浆内皮素-1（E-1）的变化与病情严重程度之间的关系.[方法]采用放射免疫法测定36例HIE患儿及20例正常新生儿急性期和恢复期外周血ET-1的动态变化.[结果]HIE患儿急性期血浆ET-1与正常新生儿相比差异显著（P＜0.01）,且病情越严重者ET-1增高越明显.恢复期与正常组比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.[结论]新生儿HIE早期体内产生大量ET-1参与了HIE的病理生理过程.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病神经元烯醇化酶变化的研究

目的　探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病时神经元烯醇化酶的变化,为HIE的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法　采用病历对照研究,将实验组分为三组:轻、中、重度HIE分别为2 1、4 9、8例;正常对照组73例。测定其血中神经元烯醇化酶的浓度变化。比较各组间检测指标的差异。结果　实验组NSE水平明显高于对照组,组间有显著性差异,P <0 .0 1:且实验组轻、中、重度间有显著性差异,P均<0 .0 5。结论　NSE水平与HIE的病情严重程度相关,是反映HIE严重程度比较客观的指标。