解脲脲原体与自然流产关系的探讨

采用聚合酶链反应技术对３２例自然流产患者的宫颈粘液及其中２２例清宫组织进行解脲脲原体（ＵＵ）检测，并与３０例人工流产妇女比较。结果表明：自然流产与ＵＵ寄生于宫颈无关（Ｐ＞０．０５），与宫内感染ＵＵ明显相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

风痛灵颗粒制备工艺研究

目的：为了优化风痛灵颗粒的制各工艺。方法：采用正交试验以阿魏酸、多糖等为指标。结果：得出最佳的浸提工艺参数，同时考察了最佳的喷雾干燥及制粒条件。结论：本方法是风痛灵颗粒的最佳的制备方法。     

Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin in elderly patients on hospital admission: correlation with home compliance and clinical variables

Summary Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) were measured in 165 elderly patients (age >60 years) admitted to hospital, of whom 109 had been treated at home with digoxin and 56 with BMD.The mean BMD level was significantly lower than that of digoxin (1.1 vs. 1.4 ng/ml). Creatinine clearance and daily dose were the variables most strongly associated with digoxin level, and the prescribed dose and serum albumin were the best predictors of the BMD concentration. Compliance was assessed by a compliance index (CI), namely the ratio of the measured glycoside concentration, corrected for creatinine clearance, over the expected steady-state dose, calculated from a hospitalized reference group. Compliant individuals in both treatment groups, i.e. those with a CI > the median value, were characterized by a lower daily dose and dosage frequency.Toxicity, whether clinical or electrocardiographic, was present in 9% of the patients and was associated only with a significantly higher mean serum level of the drug.     

Road traffic noise around schools: a risk for pupil's performance?

Summary Noise levels around educational centres can negatively affect the performance of both teachers and pupils. Two public schools in Valencia, Spain, were selected for study. One of these schools was exposed to excessively high road traffic noise levels while the other was located in a relatively quiet area. The socioeconomic level of those attending the schools was very similar. A set of external and internal noise measurements were carried out, along with two different attention tests among the children. Test results were consistently better (both for tests and for children from different classrooms in each school) in the quiet school. Exposure to high traffic noise levels in the noisy school over the whole school year is a plausible determinant of these results.     

耳穴压豆法治疗儿童哮喘50例

采用耳穴压豆法治疗儿童哮喘５０例，并随访１年。结果：痊愈１１例；好转３７例；无效２例，总有效率为９６％。认为此法不仅能预防哮喘的发作，还能避免药物引起的副作用。     

CYP1A2 activity, gender and smoking, as variables influencing the toxicity of caffeine

We have investigated several factors that might be related to the occurrence of toxic effects during the performance of a urinary test with caffeine (300  mg p.o), in 120 healthy volunteers. A total of 218 toxic effects were self-reported by eighty-two (68%) subjects. Females and nonsmokers were at the highest risk (chi-square test, P =0.01). Furthermore, two nonsmoking females experienced a symptomatology with delirium, restlessness, muscle tremor, vomiting and wakefulness. Among females and nonsmokers, those subjects who experienced toxic effects had lower caffeine N3-demethylation index (CYP1A2 activity) compared with unaffected females (1.87±0.51 vs 1.47±0.27, P <0.0005) and nonsmokers (1.69±0.23 vs 1.49±0.31, P <0.02). Caffeine N1- and N7-demethylations indices were also lower among females ( P <0.0005) and nonsmokers ( P <0.02) who reported toxic symptoms. We conclude that CYP1A2 activity, gender and smoking are variables to be considered as influencing the toxicity of caffeine.     

不同状态人体牙槽骨的弹性性质

人体下颌牙槽骨皮质骨是各向异性复合生物材料,组织结构上类似于胶原羟磷灰石纤维增强的单向纤维增强复合材料。本文应用电测法测试了不同状态人体下颌牙槽骨皮质骨在平面应力状态下的各向异性弹性常数。     

The Development and Teaching of the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Family Scientists*

This article describes the development of the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Family Scientists that the National Council on Family Relations Board of Directors unanimously approved. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of ethics education for family professionals and provides suggestions for educators. Finally, the ethical principles and guidelines are delineated. We argue that the development of a scholarship on ethics education is important for current and future family scientists.     

金锁匙口服液药效学及毒性研究

通过对金锁匙口服液的药效学及毒性的研究表明：本品能明显抑制吗啡依赖性小白鼠停药后的跳跃反应，协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用，提高小鼠热板法痛阈值，抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应，提示金锁匙口服液对吗啡类成瘾患者有一定的治疗作用，毒理研究表明；本品服用无药物依赖性、安全、无毒。     

The nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-L-cysteine in the rat

Recent studies have shown that tetrafluoroethylene is a renal and hepatic carcinogen in the rat. In this study, we have examined the ability of a single i.p. dose of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-l-cysteine (TFEC), a major metabolite of tetrafluoroethylene, to produce hepatic and renal injury in male and female rats. We have also examined the effect of blocking the renal organic anion transport system with probenecid and of inhibiting the activity of cysteine conjugate β-lyase with aminooxyacetic acid on the extent of renal injury produced by TFEC. Doses of ≥12.5 mg/kg TFEC produced renal tubular necrosis to the pars recta of the proximal tubules within 24 h in both male and female rats. This was associated with an increased kidney to body weight ratio and plasma urea at doses of ≥25 mg/kg. No consistent evidence of liver injury was seen at doses up to 50 mg/kg TFEC in rats of either sex, although occasional vacuolation of hepatocytes and a small dose-related increase in liver to body weight ratio was observed. Prior treatment of female rats with probenecid completely prevented the renal injury produced by either 25 or 50 mg/kg TFEC as judged by plasma urea and histopathology. However, prior treatment of female rats with aminooxyacetic acid afforded no protection against the nephrotoxicity produced by either TFEC or the cysteine conjugate of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene. Thus no major sex difference in nephrotoxicity in the rat was seen with TFEC, while accumulation of TFEC, or its N-acetyl derived metabolite, into renal proximal tubular cells via a probenecid sensitive transport system appears to be a key event in the mechanism of nephrotoxicity. The lack of protection observed with the cysteine conjugate β-lyase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, may reflect the inability to completely inhibit the mitochondrial form of this enzyme and thereby prevent the formation of the reactive metabolite. Our acute studies provide no insight concerning the liver carcinogenicity of tetrafluoroethylene. Received: 8 December 1997 / Accepted: 3 February 1998