鼻内镜下诊治鼻中隔骨折

目的:探讨鼻窦内镜对鼻中隔骨折的诊治。方法:45患者就诊时均行鼻窦内镜检查、鼻骨侧位片和鼻窦CT检查。均在鼻窦内镜下行鼻骨骨折复位术和鼻中隔成形术。结果:1例患者术后鼻外形改善不明显外,其余均得到治愈。结论:鼻窦内镜检查并酌行CT扫描是确诊鼻中隔骨折的主要手段,鼻骨骨折整复术同时可行鼻中隔成形术。     

药物传递系统（DDS）Ⅳ腔道给药传递系统

腔道给药是能起全身作用、避开肝首过代谢作用、患者便于自用的非损伤性给药途径。本文着重介绍影响鼻腔、阴道给药药物吸收的生物因素和剂型因素及正在开发的腔道给药传递系统。     

Acoustic rhinometry in pre-school children

Acoustic rhinometry was performed in 35 normal nose-breathing children between 3 and 6 years. The average cross-sectional areas at the nasal valve, at the anterior end of the turbinates, and in the nasopharynx were 0.34±0.06 cm², 0.35±0.08 cm² and 1.37±0.48 cm² respectively. The average minimal cross-sectional area was 0.29±0.06 cm². The minimal cross-sectional area was located at the nasal valve in 14 and at the anterior end of nasal tubinates in 21 of the 35 children. As would be expected, the cross-sectional areas at different sites of the nasal cavity increased with increasing age of the children. But, whereas the minimal cross-sectional area increased by 0.024 cm² per year, the nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area increased by 0.20 cm² per year. No significant differences were found between boys and girls. Measurements of the posterior nasal and nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas were unreliable, whenever the minimal cross-sectional area was less than 0.2 cm². Furthermore, assessment of the nasopharynx may be difficult because of involuntary movements of the soft palate.     

Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft nose deformity with an endonasal technique

Summary Malposition of the nasal bone, septum and the alar cartilage are striking features of the unilateral cleft nose deformity. An endonasal technique (the extramucosal) was used in 26 patients, aged 13–38 (median 19), to correct aesthetic and functional problems. Twenty-four patients were secondary and two were tertiary. The patients were followed from 1–9 years. The pathological anatomy of the septum varied considerably, so different types of septoplasties had to be done. In 20 patients, satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were obtained in one operation. Secondary corrections were indicated in six patients. In cases with no gross scarring in or around the alar cartilage, the form and position of this cartilage will be more normal once the alar cartilages have been undermined and the deviation of the nasal bone and the septum is corrected.     

鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术

目的 :研究鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术的优点。方法 :鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术 5 0例 ,同期施行传统的鼻中隔矫正术 5 0例作为对照 ,分析两者手术时间、术中出血量及疼痛情况。结果 :鼻内窥镜组治愈率为96% ,手术时间 ( 35 .5 0± 5 .2 0 ) min,术中出血量 ( 2 3.2 2± 4.2 5 ) ml,疼痛发生率为 1 6% ;传统手术组治愈率为 90 % ,手术时间 ( 4 5 .64± 6.34) min,术中出血量 ( 31 .34± 5 .64) ml,疼痛发生率为 38%。经统计学分析两组治愈率差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,鼻内窥镜组手术时间明显缩短 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,术中出血量明显减少 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,术中疼痛发生率明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术照明好 ,术野清晰 ,直视下手术 ,易剥离粘连处和及时发现粘膜损伤 ,手术时间短 ,术中出血量少 ,疼痛轻 ,术后并发症少 ,特别是鼻中隔矫正同期完成功能性鼻内窥镜手术及歪鼻矫正手术时更显示其优越性     

环糊精在鼻腔给药系统中的应用

综述了环糊精作为鼻腔给药系统赋形剂的应用及安全性.     

医院常用消毒剂使用管理及效益对比

通过对医院消毒剂使用现状调查,为其合理使用提供依据,采用问卷填表的方法,对集团所属 77个临床科室及部门常规使用的消毒剂种类、配制、剂量、费用和存在问题等进行调查。结果,各临床科室及部门常规消毒剂使用率为 100%;使用合理率为 46. 8%,使用不合理率为 53. 2%。每月常规消毒使用费用为 30 767. 4元,规范消毒剂使用后测算每月费用可降低 47% ~71. 8%。结论,通过计划发放,消毒剂合理选择,规范消毒剂配制、用量和使用方法,可减少损耗,降低成本。     

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma General and medical management with special attention to exacerbations

The general management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma is discussed. Pathophysiological mechanisms of bronchial obstruction and inflammation are briefly described. The importance of preventive measures is emphasized. Medicine prescribed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, their relative place in treatment schedules and route of administration are reviewed. Finally, the importance of maximal bronchodilatation in exacerbations is stressed and the few indications for antibiotic treatment are discussed.     

Efficacy of conservative treatment modalities used in epistaxis

Objective  To assess the efficacy of conservative modalities in the management of epistaxis. Study design  Prospective case studies. Setting  Rural medical college hospital. Patients  Indoor and outdoor patients with epistaxis. lntervention  Conservative(non surgical) management techniques in epistaxis. Results  Chemical cauterization was successful in 72.07% cases, anterior nasal packing in 84.5% and posterior nasal packing in 95.6% cases. Conclusion  Out of 300 cases of epistaxis included in the study (except for one case that required internal maxillary artery ligation). all cases were treated successfully with conservative treatment alongwith treating the underlying pathology causing epistaxis.