Insulin Containing Nanocomplexes Formed by Self-Assembly from Biodegradable Amine-Modified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Graft-Poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Lactide): Bioavailability and Nasal Tolerability in Rats

Purpose The bioavailability and local tolerability of insulin containing nanocomplexes from amine-modified poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(l-lactide) were studied in rats. Histology of the nasal epithelium was studied to document integrity of the mucosa. Methods Nanocomplexes (NC) were prepared by spontaneous self-assembly of insulin and the water-soluble amphiphilic polymer. Changes in blood glucose and insulin blood concentration were monitored in anesthetized rats using a glucose meter and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Histological sections of the nasal cavity were examined after H&E staining by light microscopy. Results NC reduced blood glucose level in fasted healthy rats by 20% after 50–80 min and in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by 30% within 75–95 min compared to basal levels. In both animal models significant concentrations of human insulin were detected, with relative bioavailabilities F_rel of 2.8 up to 8.3%. The more hydrophobic, lactic acid grafted polyester were more effective at a threefold higher polymer concentration, increasing the relative bioavailability F_rel of a 5 IU/kg dose from 2.8 to 5.7%. Histological examination of the nasal mucosa after 4 h showed no signs of toxicity at the site of nasal administration. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the NC significantly enhanced insulin absorption, suggesting that amphiphilic biodegradable comb-polymers offer a promising approach for nasal peptide delivery.     

Fetal nasal bone length and Down syndrome during the second trimester in a Chinese population

Objective:  The purpose of the present study was to build a database of reference ranges of fetal nasal bone length (NBL) in a Chinese population. The accuracy rate of detecting Down syndrome was also analyzed using fetal NBL as a marker.
Methods:  The control group of fetuses included 342 normal singleton pregnancies with no chromosomal or congenital anomalies. The present study was a cross-section study and the control group was used to construct percentile values of NBL from 13 to 29 gestational weeks of age. Two-dimensional ultrasonography was used for the nasal bone studies. Measurements of NBL were collected and each fetus contributed a single value to the reference sample. During the study period, 14 fetuses with Down syndrome were examined. Measurement of fetal NBL was made during amniocentesis, with gestational age ranging from 13 to 19 weeks.
Results:  From 342 normal fetuses with gestational age ranging from 13 to 29 weeks, reference ranges of NBL were constructed. The reference ranges were constructed from the 100(1 − p)% reference range:     , where Ŷ  = 25 − exp(3.58 − 0.044 ×  t  + 0.0006 ×  t ²), with Ŷ being the fitted mean of regression model and t being gestational age (weeks). Using fetal NBL, the regression model was Pr (Down syndrome) = exp( W )/[1 + exp( W )], where W  = 0.62–4.80 × NBL (multiples of the median) in predicting Down syndrome. Fetal NBL was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 0.78 and 0.78, respectively, in predicting Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Conclusions:  Fetal NBL measurement can provide a simple and useful algorithm to predict Down syndrome during the second trimester of pregnancy.     

褪黑素鼻粘膜吸收规律的研究

目的 :研究褪黑素鼻粘膜吸收规律。方法 :观察褪黑素在大鼠鼻腔洗出液中的稳定性 ,在此基础上 ,以大鼠在体鼻循环为实验模型 ,研究褪黑素鼻粘膜吸收规律。 结果 :褪黑素在鼻粘膜洗出液中稳定性良好 ,在鼻粘膜吸收符合一级动力学方程 ,褪黑素鼻粘膜吸收常数不随药物浓度发生变化。结论 :褪黑素在鼻粘膜的吸收机制为被动扩散 ,其在鼻粘膜平均吸收速率常数为 1.0 5 4× 10 -2 min-1     

鼻息肉组织中IL-2和IL-8的表达及意义

目的探讨白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）在鼻息肉（NP）组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用放射免疫分析法检测IL-2、IL-8在NP组织匀浆、NP病人血清、健康成人血清中的表达。结果NP组织匀浆中IL-2、IL-8含量高于NP病人血清和健康成人血清中的含量,差异有显著性（F=401．98,g=34．14、34．74,P〈0．01）。IL-2、IL-8在Ⅲ型NP组织匀浆中的平均含量高于Ⅱ型各期,差异有显著性（F=782．48,g=41．79～64．73,P〈0．01）。结论IL-2、IL-8在NP组织中过度表达,可能在NP的发生与发展中起一定作用。     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗AECOP D合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效分析

目的 研究经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效.方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2017年10月至2020年2月诊治的60例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者病例作为研究对象,采用非随机临床同期对照研究及患者自愿原则法分为氧疗组28例和对照组32例,其中对照组接受无创正压通...     

带蒂颊肌瓣鼻底转移术与硅胶鼻底植入术治疗萎缩性鼻炎的疗效比较

目的：比较带蒂颊肌瓣鼻底转移术与硅胶鼻底植入术治疗萎缩性鼻炎的疗效。方法：将80例萎缩性鼻炎患者分为2组,43例行带蒂颊肌瓣鼻底转移术（A组）,37例行硅胶鼻底植入术（B组）。结果：手术治疗后总有效率A组高于B组（P＜0.05）,术后并发症A组少于B组（P＜0.05）。结论：带蒂颊肌瓣鼻底转移术治疗萎缩性鼻炎具有更好的疗效。     

改进鼻饲管置入长度对重型颅脑损伤患者相关并发症的影响

目的 探讨改进胃管置管长度,对重型颅脑损伤患者鼻饲营养后胃肠道反应、并发症发生情况的影响.方法 选择复尔凯螺旋型鼻肠管.观察组53例,插入胃管长度为55～65 cm,当插至45～55 cm时,检查胃管在胃内后,再插入10 cm,使其到达幽门部.从胃管注入温开水20 ml,拔出导引钢丝,再次用注射器快速从胃管注入温开水10～20ml,使胃管在胃内不盘曲后固定.对照组52例,按传统的胃管置入方法,长度为45～55 cm.两组的鼻饲液均使用营养科自配的营养液.记录比较两组患者置管期间反流、呛咳、误吸、吸入性肺炎、腹泻、上消化道出血的发生情况.结果 观察组2例出现呛咳,无反流、误吸、吸入性肺炎发生,此4个指标发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);观察组发生腹泻5例、上消化道出血4例,对照组分别为6例、4例,经比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 增加胃管插入长度后,食物直接刺激幽门部,可促进体液调节,减少胃肠道反应及并发症的发生.     

鼻康片联合色甘萘甲那敏治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床研究

目的 探讨鼻康片联合色甘萘甲那敏治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月—2021年10月在武汉市红十字医院治疗的110例过敏性鼻炎患者的临床资料,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各55例。对照组给予色甘萘甲那敏鼻喷雾剂,每次两侧鼻孔各喷1下,3～5次/d,每次间隔>3 h;在对照组基础上,治疗组口服鼻康片,5片/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗8周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者过敏性鼻炎生活质量测评量表（RQLQ）、鼻症状总分表（TNSS）、伴随症状总分（TNNSS）和鼻内镜（MLK）评分,血清白细胞介素-13(IL-13)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)、白细胞介素-27(IL-27)、可溶性血管细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、可溶性程序性死亡配体-1(sPD-L1)和可溶性E-选择素（s E-selectin）水平,鼻通气功能指标总鼻气道阻力（NAR）、0～5 cm鼻腔容积（NCV）和鼻腔最小横截面积（NMCA）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组有效率为81.82%,明显低于治疗组96.36%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组RQLQ、TNSS...     

清利塞鼻洗液在内镜鼻窦手术后的应用

目的：研究清利塞鼻洗液术腔冲洗对内镜鼻窦术后鼻黏膜形态和功能的影响。方法：将Ⅰ型2、3期及Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦患者85 例于行内镜鼻窦术后,随机分为清利塞组与对照组;冲洗术腔时清利塞组用清利塞鼻洗液,对照组按传统方法用地塞米松+硫酸庆大霉素;观察其术腔清洁时间、术腔黏膜病变出现时间、上皮化时间以及术后症状改善及疗效等。结果：两组在术腔清洁时间及上皮化时间组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.0005,0.01＜P＜0.025）,术腔黏膜病变出现时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),1年后临床疗效及术后症状、体征改善清利塞组优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：清利塞鼻洗液在内镜鼻窦手术后术腔冲洗较传统冲洗方法有显著的优点,值得进一步研究应用。