灯盏花素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤诱导细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察灯盏花素（BRE）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（I/R）诱导细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为3组（n=10）:①假手术（Sham）组:前降支穿线不结扎,观察1.5 h;②缺血再灌注（I/R）组:结扎前降支30 m in,再灌注前5 m in生理盐水（4 mg/kg）iv,再灌注1h;③BRE组:再灌注前5 m in应用BRE（4 mg/kg）iv,余同I/R组。常规方法检测丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,免疫组化法测定Bc l-2、Bax蛋白的表达,通过细胞图像分析系统测量细胞阳性染色面积百分率,应用透射电镜观察心肌超微结构的变化。结果同I/R组相比,BRE组心肌组织MDA含量显著降低[（7.56±1.67）μmol/gvs（16.58±2.59）μmol/g,P<0.05],SOD活性显著升高[（2.37±0.22）mkat/gvs1.38±0.14 mkat/g,P<0.05],Bax蛋白表达显著降低（5.02±1.01vs18.59±5.68,P<0.01）,而Bc l-2蛋白表达显著增高（17.48±4.72vs7.32±2.05,P<0.01）,Bax/Bc l-2显著降低（0.29±0.57vs3.32±0.10,P<0.01）,细胞阳性染色面积百分率显著减少（0.42±0.06vs13.84±1.97,P<0.01）,细胞超微结构损伤明显减轻。结论BRE通过调控Bax/Bc l-2表达抑制心肌I/R诱导的细胞凋亡,对缺血再灌注心肌具有保护作用。     

Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease patients with left ventricular dysfunction

Background  Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) also identifies a subset of CAD patients at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. Susceptibility to MSIMI in patients with CAD and reduced LVEF is unknown. Methods and Results  We enrolled 182 patients (67 women) with a mean age of 64 years and a documented history of CAD in this study. Baseline resting ejection fraction was determined by use of technetium 99m sestamibi gated single photon emission computed tomography. Abnormal LVEF was defined as less than 45% for men and less than 50% for women (based on published norms for our software [Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]). All participants underwent mental stress testing with a public speaking task. Rest/stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography was performed via conventional methodology. Images were visually compared for number and severity of perfusion defects by use of a scoring method from 0 to 4. A summed difference score was calculated as the difference between summed stress and rest scores. A score of greater than 3 was considered abnormal. MSIMI developed in 19% of patients with normal LVEF and 31% of those with reduced LVEF. There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=.11). Conclusions  CAD patients with left ventricular dysfunction are equally susceptible to MSIMI as those with normal LVEF. This study was supported by grants HL 070265 and HL 072059 from the National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute. This material is also the result of work supported by resources and with the use of facilities at the Department of Veterans. Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Fla.     

性别差异对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的影响

目的　评价性别差异对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗预后的影响。方法　收集 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年9月接受再灌注治疗的急性心肌梗死患者 32 5例 ,按性别分为女性组 (84例 )和男性组 (2 4 1例 ) ;其中 172例接受直接经皮冠状动脉成形术 (PCI组 ) ,15 3例进行静脉溶栓 (静脉溶栓组 ) ,记录住院期间所有死亡原因、非致死性再梗死及其复合终点事件以及 6个月随访期间心脏事件的情况。结果　女性组的平均年龄为 (6 9.3± 10 .2 )岁 ,明显高于男性组的 (6 0 .7± 12 .6 )岁 (P <0 .0 1) ,且合并高血压、糖尿病比例明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。对年龄作校正后 ,住院期间女性的死亡率与男性的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,其他各主要及次要终点事件的差异均无显著性。静脉溶栓组中 ,女性死亡率高于男性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PCI组中 ,男、女患者死亡率的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　尽管女性较男性高龄且糖尿病、高血压的发病率也较高 ,但接受直接PCI治疗的女性急性心肌梗死患者的预后与男性患者相似     

热休克蛋白70对兔未成熟心肌和心肌间质的影响

目的: 探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对未成熟心肌和心肌间质的影响. 方法:健康新生长耳大白兔12只随机分为2组. 对照组(C组):ip生理盐水0.4 mL,24 h后取离体心脏,常规建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注15 min转为工作心15 min后停灌45 min,恢复灌注15 min改为工作心30 min;实验组(E组):ip去甲肾上腺素, 24 h后取离体心脏,方法同对照组. 测定心肌细胞中HSP70含量、血流动力学指标、心肌含水量(MWC)、心肌肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、心肌组织羟脯氨酸(HP)含量、内皮素(ET) 含量、心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性及其Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力[ATP]m,心肌超微结构. 结果:E组HSP70含量明显高于C组(P<0.01);MWC低于C组(P<0.05);ATP含量、SOD活性、心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性、[ATP]m, HP含量优于C组(P<0.01),MDA含量、CK, LDH漏出率、心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 含量、ET含量低于C组(P<0.01),心肌超微结构损伤较C组明显减轻. 结论:HSP70对缺血再灌注未成熟心肌和心肌间质具有明显的保护作用.     

心肌缺血患者白细胞计数动态变化及其活性研究

目的:探讨心肌缺血患者外周血白细胞计数及活性与心肌缺血发生发展的相关性。方法:对74例心肌缺血患者进行回顾性统计,以白细胞计数lO×109/L分组,大于此数患者归于异常组,小于此数则属于正常组.把心肌缺血患者分为两组.一组为心肌梗死组,另一组为心绞痛组,以健康体检者为对照组,分别就患者组与健康对照组在ld～3d/4d~6d/7d—lOd/lld—14d分四个阶段进行白细胞计数及活性测定。结果:心肌梗死组的白细胞计数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组;随着病情的减轻白细胞计数逐渐下降,其白细胞活性与其记数呈正相关;且心肌梗死组白细胞教异常的病例数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组。结论:白细胞数及活性的升高参与了心肌缺血的病理生理过程。     

静滴1,6-二磷酸果糖局部疼痛对急性心肌梗死患者心肌耗氧量的影响

目的评估急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者静滴1,6-二磷酸果糖（FDP）时局部轻度、中度、重度疼痛对心肌耗氧量的影响。方法用长海痛尺评估120例AMI患者静滴FDP过程中疼痛程度,并对患者进行心电监护,对静滴FDP的患者在输液前、后的心率、血压、心肌耗氧量进行比较。结果输液后心肌耗氧量均高于输液前。结论AMI患者静滴FDP时局部疼痛的发生率高。轻度、中度、重度时均能引起心肌耗氧量的增加。     

Phase-sensitive cardiac tagging--REALTAG.

Fully inverting spins, instead of merely saturating them, provides superior contrast for tagging procedures. The resulting improvement in tag contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) yields higher-precision tag detection. Also, thinner slices and hence reduced tag separations can be employed, providing displacement and strain measurements with better spatial resolution. Alternatively, the improved tag contrast can be used to obtain cine images covering a greater portion of the cardiac cycle. The use of standard magnitude reconstruction for images of these inversion tags causes rectification of the negative-valued signals from the tags, confounding the image interpretation. Therefore, a phase-sensitive reconstruction scheme of the inverted tags must be employed. Here we demonstrate the implementation of inverted tags with phase-sensitive reconstruction in a ramped-flip-angle, steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence.     

A Bayesian iterative transmission gradient reconstruction algorithm for cardiac SPECT attenuation correction

Background  High-quality attenuation maps are critical for attenuation correction of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography studies. The filtered backprojection (FBP) approach can introduce errors, especially with low-count transmission data. We present a new method for attenuation map reconstruction and examine its performance in phantom and patient data. Methods and Results  The Bayesian iterative transmission gradient algorithm incorporates a spatially varying gamma prior function that preferentially weights estimated attenuation coefficients toward the soft-tissue value while allowing data-driven solutions for lung and bone regions. The performance with attenuation-corrected technetium 99m sestamibi clinical images was evaluated in phantom studies and in 50 low-likelihood patients grouped by body mass index (BMI). The algorithm converged in 15 iterations in the phantom studies. For the clinical studies, soft-tissue estimates had significantly greater uniformity of mediastinal coefficients (mean SD, 0.005 cm⁻¹ vs 0.011 cm⁻¹; P<.0001). The accuracy and uniformity of the Bayesian iterative transmission gradient algorithm were independent of BMI, whereas both declined at higher BMI values with FBP. Attenuation-corrected perfusion images showed improvement in myocardial wall variability (4.8% to 4.1%, P=.02) for all BMI groups with the new method compared with FBP. Conclusion  This new method for attenuation map reconstruction provides rapidly converging and accurate attenuation maps over a wide spectrum of patient BMI values and significantly improves attenuation-corrected perfusion images.     

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance myocardial motion tracking from a single image plane.

Three-dimensional imaging for the quantification of myocardial motion is a key step in the evaluation of cardiac disease. A tagged magnetic resonance imaging method that automatically tracks myocardial displacement in three dimensions is presented. Unlike other techniques, this method tracks both in-plane and through-plane motion from a single image plane without affecting the duration of image acquisition. A small z-encoding gradient is subsequently added to the refocusing lobe of the slice-selection gradient pulse in a slice following CSPAMM acquisition. An opposite polarity z-encoding gradient is added to the orthogonal tag direction. The additional z-gradients encode the instantaneous through plane position of the slice. The vertical and horizontal tags are used to resolve in-plane motion, while the added z-gradients is used to resolve through-plane motion. Postprocessing automatically decodes the acquired data and tracks the three-dimensional displacement of every material point within the image plane for each cine frame. Experiments include both a phantom and in vivo human validation. These studies demonstrate that the simultaneous extraction of both in-plane and through-plane displacements and pathlines from tagged images is achievable. This capability should open up new avenues for the automatic quantification of cardiac motion and strain for scientific and clinical purposes.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像时心肌桥的检出与临床价值

目的探讨多层CT冠状动脉血管成像检查患者中心肌桥的特征及临床意义。方法临床确诊冠心病或疑似冠心病而行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像检查的病例875例,男579例,女296例,年龄30~87岁,平均60岁。采用回顾性心电门控扫描,心率>75次/min,重建相位区间为30%～40%,心率<75次/min,重建相位区间为40%～50%,获得最大密度投影、曲面重组、容积重组图像,从多角度显示左、右冠状动脉主干及其各主要分支。结果检出89例心肌桥患者,检出率10.2%。其中36例(40.5%)管腔呈不同程度的狭窄(<50%)。发生于前降支中段者71例(79.8%),肌桥厚度0.06～0.55cm,其中20例近段伴有不同程度的粥样硬化斑块,管腔狭窄均接近50%。单纯心肌桥患者有心绞痛症状者39例,心肌桥伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化者有心绞痛症状23例。结论MSCT冠状动脉血管成像可以明确检出心肌桥,为临床的诊断和治疗提供了更具价值的信息。