Early-adulthood caloric restriction is beneficial to improve renal redox status as future anti-aging strategy in rats

AimsCaloric restriction (CR) is an experimental approach proposed to alleviate age-related oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of CR on renal redox homeostasis in rats at a specific time frame in early-adulthood..MethodsThree groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats; young control at 6-month-old, 2-year-old subjected to 40% CR between 18^th-24^th months of age, and their non-CR controls were sacrificed, and numerous redox status biomarkers including protein oxidation, glycation, lipid peroxidation, glycation end products, thiol groups, and superoxide dismutase were assayed. It was also ensured that CR rats and their non-CR corresponding rats had similar body weights at the end of the study to decrease the confounding effects of different body weights on redox homeostasis and caloric restriction.ResultsAfter CR, the detrimental effects of the protein oxidation, glycation, and lipid peroxidation were significantly improved in the renal tissue CR rats when compared to their non-CR control group. However, there were no significant difference in thiol fractions between younger controls and both of the elderly groups.ConclusionDetrimental consequences of renal senescence on redox homeostasis are significantly improved via CR especially applied in early-adulthood.     

High Level of Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Is Associated With Poor Survival in Patients With First Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma,Not Otherwise Specified: A Retrospective Study

BackgroundPatients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (R/R-PTCL-NOS) usually have short survival with conventional salvage chemotherapies. Prediction of poor survival in patients who undergo conventional salvage chemotherapies might help identify candidates for novel therapies that have been recently available for R/R-PTCL-NOS. However, no prognostic marker other than the second-line International Prognostic Index (sIPI) has been reported. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in patients with R/R-PTCL-NOS.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 37 patients with R/R-PTCL-NOS who underwent salvage chemotherapy. Serum sIL-2R level was measured within a week before salvage chemotherapy initiation. We determined the cutoff level of serum sIL-2R as 4.03 times the upper limit of normal by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe 3-year overall survival (3yOS) was 5.2% and 37.5% in high sIL-2R and low sIL-2R groups, respectively (P = .005). In multivariate analysis, high sIL-2R level was independently associated with lower 3yOS (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-5.11; P = .040). In subgroup analysis, high sIL-2R level did not affect 3yOS in patients with high-risk sIPI (NA [not available] vs. 7.1%; P = .354), but was significantly associated with poor 3yOS in patients with low-risk sIPI (NA vs. 60.0%; P = .037).ConclusionSerum sIL-2R is a useful prognostic marker for patients with R/R-PTCL-NOS. In particular, high sIL-2R level can identify groups of patients with low-risk sIPI who have poor prognosis. Our results suggest that novel therapeutic approaches might be necessary for patients with high-risk sIPI and/or high sIL-2R level.     

Cardiac arrest caused by accidental severe hypothermia and myocardial infarction during general anesthesia

Therapeutic hypothermia is often used for traumatic brain injury because of its neuroprotective effect and decreased secondary brain injury. However, this procedure lacks clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, and adverse outcomes have been reported during general anesthesia. A 61-year-old man with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was admitted with traumatic brain injury. Immediately after admission, he underwent mild therapeutic hypothermia with a target temperature of 33.0°C for neuroprotection. During general anesthesia for emergency surgery because he developed a mass effect, hypothermic cardiac arrest occurred following an additional decrease in the core body temperature. Moreover, myocardial infarction caused by restenosis of the previous PCI lesion also contributed to the cardiac arrest. Although the patient recovered spontaneous circulation after an hour-long cardiopulmonary resuscitation with rewarming, he eventually died of subsequent repetitive cardiac arrests. When anesthetizing patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, caution is required to prevent adverse outcomes that can be caused by unintentional severe hypothermia and exacerbation of underlying heart disease.     

A Two-Dimensional Second Order Conservative Front-Tracking Method with an Original Marker Advection Approach Based on Jump Relations

A two-dimensional front-tracking method is developed for handling complex shape interfaces satisfying the volume conservation. In order to validate the proposed front-tracking method, a complete convergence study is carried out on several analytical test cases for which the interface is widely stretched and deformed. Comparisons to different existing approaches show that our front-tracking method is second order accurate in space with lower errors than existing interface tracking techniques of the literature.We also propose an original marker advection method which takes into account the jump relations valid at interface in order to deal with the contrast of physical properties encountered in two-phase flow simulations. The conservative front-tracking method computed in this work is shown to be able to describe interfaces with high accuracy even for poorly resolved Eulerian grids.     

An introduction for the special issue on environmental health and genome integrity

Environmental exposures and genome maintenance mechanisms that respond to environmentally-induced genotoxicity have a profound impact on human health. Eight review articles in this Special Issue (SI) titled “Environmental Health and Genome Integrity” describe emerging new mechanisms by which distinct forms of environmentally-induced DNA damage are remediated, and explain how DNA repair pathway choices impact genome integrity and disease propensity. Here, we provide an introduction to reviews from this SI. Our expanding knowledge of how genotoxic exposures impact the genome will allow us to better predict, prevent and treat environmentally-induced human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.     

ICU冠心病患者超声心动图与心肌酶的关系及意义

目的探讨ICU冠心病患者的超声心动图与心肌酶水平的关系和意义。方法选取我院2018年7月至2019年7月在ICU治疗的冠心病患者50例作为观察组;并选取同一时期来我院的健康体检者50例作为对照组。应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪行超声心动图检查;并采集两组的空腹外周静脉血,分离血清,并采用酶速率法测定肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和羟丁酸脱氢酶(HB-DH)水平。结果应用超声心动图检测冠心病的检出率为84.0%;观察组左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)明显高于对照组,左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的CK、CK-MB和HB-DH水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson检验,冠心病患者血清CK、CK-MB和HB-DH水平均与LVEF呈直线负相关性(r分别=-0.684、-0.658、-0.662,P均<0.001)。结论ICU冠心病患者超声心动图和心肌酶水平呈现出良好的线性关系,可能对心肌损伤程度具有一定的指示作用,对病情评估有重要价值。     

基于跨理论模型协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死介入治疗病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于跨理论模型(TTM)协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入治疗病人中的应用效果。方法:根据随机数字表法将2018年6月—2019年6月收治的88例AMI介入治疗病人分为观察组及对照组各44例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于TTM的协同护理模式。比较两组干预前及干预6个月后自我效能、疾病管理能力及生活质量改善情况,记录两组不良心脏事件发生率、再入院率及治疗依从率。结果:两组病人干预后自我效能、疾病管理能力、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)总评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病人不良心脏事件发生率(2.27%)、再入院率(4.54%)低于对照组的18.18%、20.45%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组病人用药依从率、生活方式管理依从率分别为97.73%和95.45%,高于对照组的75.00%和72.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于TTM协同护理模式能有效改善AMI介入治疗病人自我效能,提高病人遵医行为及疾病管理能力,减少不良心脏事件的发生,改善病人生活质量。     

冠状动脉心肌桥的诊疗现状与研究进展

由于冠状动脉心肌桥患者通常无症状,长期以来,这一解剖异常一直被认为是一种良性变异。但是,随着冠状动脉造影技术的应用普及和临床研究的深入,越来越多学者认为心肌桥可能发生严重并发症,甚至威胁人类生命。目前其发病机制、诊断及治疗已经得到广泛的关注和研究,但尚无明确的指南指导临床诊疗。文章就心肌桥的发病率、病理生理、诊疗现状及研究进展进行综述,为心肌桥的规范化诊治提供依据,使越来越多患者受益。