大鼠胸主动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的实验研究

【目的】制作大鼠胸主动脉球囊损伤的动物模型．观察内膜增生和内皮修复的动态变化。【方法】将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为时照组（8只）和实验组（24只）,于球囊损伤术后d7、d14．和d28处死实验组动物。分别进行伊文思蓝染色观察内皮覆盖情况,增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组化染色和组织形态学定量分析。【结果】和时照组相比,球囊损伤后内膜面积与中膜面积的比值（IA／MA）和再生内皮覆盖率呈持续性增加（P〈0．01）,而反映血管平滑肌增殖活性的PCNA阳性表达指数呈持续性下降（P〈0．01）。【结论】内膜增生是管腔狭窄的主要因素．而内皮损伤是这一过程的始动因素。     

云克对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及对血清IL-1β的影响

目的 观察云克（99Tc—MDP）对Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎（CIA）大鼠的治疗作用及对血清IL-18的影响。 方法 建立CIA大鼠关节炎模型,分为正常对照组,模型对照组,云克组,甲氨蝶呤组,后三组分别予以生理盐水,云克和甲氨蝶呤干预。采用关节炎指数评分法评价其关节的炎症程度;观察关节病理组织形态学变化并评分;放射酶联免疫法测定血清IL-1β水平。 结果 ①关节炎指数评分：模型组、甲氨蝶呤组、云克组大鼠随着免疫时间延长,关节炎指数评分增加。36d后模型组持续高于云克组和甲氨蝶呤组（P〈0．05）;44d后甲氨蝶呤组高于云克组（P〈0．05）。②组织病理学评分：模型组关节组织学评分均高于甲氨蝶呤组和云克组（P〈0．05）;炎性细胞渗出评分,云克组与甲氨蝶呤组无显著差异（P〉0．05）;软骨破坏和骨质破坏评分,云克组低于甲氨蝶呤组（P〈0.05）。③模型组鼠血清IL-18水平均明显高于正常组（P〈0．01）;模型组血清IL-1β水平明显高于甲氨蝶呤组、云克组（P〈0．05）;甲氨蝶呤组血清IL-18水平高于云克组（P〈0．05）。 结论 ①云克明显减轻CIA大鼠的关节炎症状,延缓关节破坏的进展。②云克降低血清炎症细胞因子IL-1β的水平,从而阻止关节的破坏,可能是其治疗类风湿关节炎的机制之一。③在延缓CIA大鼠软骨和骨质破坏的病理学改变及降低IL-1β含量方面,云克的近期疗效均优于甲氨蝶呤。     

玉屏苍耳散对实验性AR大鼠维甲酸相关孤儿核受体γt及相关因子表达的影响

目的 探究玉屏苍耳散对实验性变应性鼻炎(AR)大鼠维甲酸相关孤儿核受体 γt(RORγt)及相关因子表达的影响.方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,玉屏苍耳散组,西替利嗪组,每组各10只.采用卵清蛋白致敏法构建AR大鼠模型.灌胃给药,给药剂量按照大鼠体重计算:玉屏苍耳散组(10 g/kg),西替利嗪(2 mg...     

Pathways for Memory,Cognition and Emotional Context: Hippocampal,Subgenual Area 25, and Amygdalar Axons Show Unique Interactions in the Primate Thalamic Reuniens Nucleus

The reuniens nucleus (RE) is situated at the most ventral position of the midline thalamus. In rats and mice RE is distinguished by bidirectional connections with the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a role in memory and cognition. In primates, many foundational questions pertaining to RE remain unresolved. We addressed these issues by investigating the composition of the rhesus monkey RE in both sexes by labeling for GABA, a marker of inhibitory neurons, and for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR), which label thalamic excitatory neurons that project to cortex. As in rats and mice, the macaque RE was mostly populated by CB and CR neurons, characteristic of matrix-dominant nuclei, and had bidirectional connections with hippocampus and mPFC area 25 (A25). Unlike rodents, we found GABAergic neurons in the monkey RE and a sparser but consistent population of core-associated thalamocortical PV neurons. RE had stronger connections with the basal amygdalar complex than in rats or mice. Amygdalar terminations were enriched with mitochondria and frequently formed successive synapses with the same postsynaptic structures, suggesting an active and robust pathway to RE. Significantly, hippocampal pathways formed multisynaptic complexes that uniquely involved excitatory projection neurons and dendrites of local inhibitory neurons in RE, extending this synaptic principle beyond sensory to high-order thalamic nuclei. Convergent pathways from hippocampus, A25, and amygdala in RE position it to flexibly coordinate activity for memory, cognition, and emotional context, which are disrupted in several psychiatric and neurologic diseases in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The primate RE is a central node for memory and cognition through connections with the hippocampus and mPFC. As in rats or mice, the primate RE is a matrix-dominant thalamic nucleus, suggesting signal traffic to the upper cortical layers. Unlike rats or mice, the primate RE contains inhibitory neurons, synaptic specializations with the hippocampal pathway, and robust connections with the amygdala, suggesting unique adaptations. Convergence of hippocampal, mPFC, and amygdalar pathways in RE may help unravel a circuit basis for binding diverse signals for conscious flexible behaviors and the synthesis of memory with affective significance in primates, whereas disruption of distinct circuit nodes may occur in psychiatric disorders in humans.     

Synthesis and characterization of substituted benzoylhydrazones of naloxone

Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) has proved a valuable tool in the investigation of opioid receptor subtypes. In the present study, we have examined a series of derivatives of NalBzoH in which substitutions have been made on the benzoyl ring. Overall, we see dramatic effects on the binding affinities of derivatives against the various opioid receptor subtypes. Although the range of affinities against the mu receptors is quite modest, ranges of the others vary almost 30-fold for kappa₃, 50-fold for kappa₁ and 100-fold for delta and kappa₂ binding. Few substituted derivatives display greater affinity than NalBzoH for any of the receptors, except for delta sites where several derivatives have affinities almost tenfold greater than NalBzoH. Along with the wide variations in affinity, the compounds also appear to exhibit widely divergent activities in traditional biosasays. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Hypolipidaemic Activity of Ficus carica Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats

A decoction of Ficus carica significantly lowered plasma triglyceride levels in rats with insulin-dependent diabetes (streptozotocin 80 mg/kg body weight) when it was administered orally (357±206 mg/dL before administration and 81±81 mg/dL 3 weeks after administration, p< 0.01, n =11). The plasma triglyceride levels in diabetic rats were also lower when the Gicus carica extract was administered intraperitoneally (608±391 mg/dL before administration; 444±310 mg/dL 90 min after administration; and 106±129 mg/dL 48 h after administration; p< 0.005, n =7). The cholesterolaemia remained unchanged.     

大鼠下丘脑星形胶质细胞对不同时段睡眠剥夺的反应

目的：探索不同时段睡眠剥夺后大鼠下丘脑内星形胶质细胞的反应．方法：雄性大鼠45只随机分为3组,每组内再分3组：睡眠剥夺组7只,采用小环境水平台法建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,分别剥夺睡眠3,6,12,24,48,72,96h;与其对应的大平台对照组7只;正常单独笼养组1只．接受同一处理的大鼠各有3只．用免疫组化的方法检测胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）在下丘脑的表达变化．结果：GFAP在下丘脑核群的表达出现随睡眠剥夺时间长短变化的趋势,在交叉上核和室旁核的表达于24h达在高峰后下降,在弓状核的表达于48h达高峰。在视上核的表达开始即上升,24h达高峰后下降．结论：星形胶质细胞可能参与下丘脑核团的生物节律调节．     

慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠模型肾组织中蛋白质组的差异表达

目的:制备慢性马兜铃酸肾病的大鼠模型,建立马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾组织和正常大鼠肾组织的双向电泳图谱,从而展示差异表达的蛋白质,为进一步筛选介导马兜铃酸毒性作用的蛋白质分子奠定基础. 方法:应用马兜铃酸腹腔注射制备大鼠慢性马兜铃酸肾病模型,提取其肾组织中总蛋白质,采用双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对模型组和正常组肾组织中蛋白质进行差异展示. 结果:成功制备了慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠模型,并建立了模型组和正常组大鼠肾组织的双向电泳图谱,发现了差异蛋白质. 结论:马兜铃酸导致大鼠肾组织中蛋白质差异表达,这些差异表达的蛋白质可能介导了马兜铃酸的毒性作用.     

养阴抗毒胶囊2号对阴虚大鼠糖皮质激素受体蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察养阴抗毒胶囊2号(YC2)对阴虚大鼠模型肝组织糖皮质激素受体(GR)蛋白表达的影响和对减轻激素副作用机理. 方法:SD大鼠32只,随机分为空白对照组、阴虚模型组(YD)、YC2组和桂附地黄丸组(GFB). 大鼠在中药预处理及造模给药9 d后处死,用放射免疫方法检测各组血浆皮质醇(CORT)含量,免疫组织化学染色技术测定肝组织细胞核内GR表达情况. 结果:YD组CORT含量为(9.92±0.69) μg/L,与空白对照组相比,明显升高,肝组织细胞核内GR染色光密度比值为0.316±0.017,明显减少(P＜0.01). YC2组血浆CORT含量为(7.28±0.72)μg/L,均不同程度低于YD组(P＜0.05),同时肝组织细胞核内GR染色光密度比值为0.342±0.013,较YD组明显增加(P＜0.05). GFB组与YD组相比,血浆CORT含量稍低(P＞0.05),肝组织核GR蛋白表达稍增高(P＞0.05). 结论:本实验中阴虚大鼠模型血浆CORT含量明显升高,肝组织细胞核内GR表达明显减少,而YC2能提高阴虚大鼠肝组织细胞核内GR表达,改善下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能亢进状态,减轻激素副作用.     

硬膜外腔吗啡对全髋置换术围手术期D-二聚体的影响

目的 研究阿片类药物硬膜外腔持续注射对全髋置换手术围术期D-二聚体的影响。方法选择40例择期全髋关节置换手术患者,随机分成两组。吗啡组：手术开始前15min于硬膜外腔给予吗啡4mg＋0．9％生理盐水10ml,术毕硬膜外腔吗啡80μg／h持续给药48h;对照组：术前15min给予0．9％生理盐水10ml,术毕硬膜外腔给予0．15％罗哌卡因2．0ml／h持续给药48h。分别于麻醉前5min、术毕、术后24h、术后48h4个时点抽取静脉血测定血浆IL-6、D-二聚体含量和凝血酶原时间。结果两组患者术毕、术后24、48h的IL-6、D-二聚体含量较麻醉前均显著升高（P〈0．01）,术毕时达到峰值,随后逐渐回落。吗啡组患者术毕、术后24、48h时间点IL-6、D-二聚体含量均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;硬膜外腔注射吗啡对围手术期凝血酶原时间和出血量均无明显影响。结论硬膜外腔注射吗啡可抑制凝血系统的过度激活．减少D-二聚体的生成,改善围术期高凝状态。