Prognostic factors in malignant glioma: Influence of the overexpression of oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products on survival

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is stilluniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable differencebetween the length of survival in each given patient, even within the sametumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factorsthat might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectivelyinvestigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2,and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariateanalysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meiersurvival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity formdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastomamultiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02).P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis.The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivityfor p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperativeirradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variablessignificantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, ageover 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did notsignificantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present studyidentified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as astatistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearinganaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed apossible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with thebiological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

战术药材储备的系统动力学研究

探讨战术药材储备系统模型的动力生质和行为方法：应用系统动力学方法和构建战术药材储备模型,借助于计算机编程,模拟有关参数变化时的系统行为。结果：初始储备量的大小对系统的平均库存量和平均缺货量无明显影响;目标储备量,到货速率和发化速度对平均存量和平均缺货量有显著影响。结论在有效控制到化速率的情况下,降低战术药材储备量对系统的保障效能无不利影响。     

Cytogenetics of benign breast lesions

This review summarizes the cytogenetic information on benign breast lesions of various histologies, i.e., fibrocystic lesions from women with and without a known hereditary predisposition to breast cancer, fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, and papillomas, and relate the chromosomal features with those in breast carcinoma. In general, the frequency of chromosome abnormalities is lower in benign lesions than in breast cancer, and seems to correlate with the histologic features of the tissue, and the corresponding risk of developing invasive mammary carcinoma; aberrations are more common in proliferative than in nonproliferative lesions. The karyotypes are generally less complex than those detected in invasive carcinoma, and more often involve balanced rearrangements. No lesion-specific aberration has so far been detected; on the contrary, changes repeatedly encountered in breast cancer samples can be found in benign lesions as well, e.g., gain of 1q, interstitial deletion of 3p, and trisomies 7, 18, and 20. Especially intriguing is the prevalence of rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome 3, with the minimally deleted bands 3p13–14, in proliferative lesions from prophylactic mastectomies in breast cancer families. The potential tumor suppressor gene(s) in this region remains, however, to be identified.     

SBT、SSOP法分析湖北土家族妇女HLA-A2超型各等位基因及与宫颈癌的关联

目的通过检测湖北土家族人群HLA-A2超型(包含A*0201、A*0202、A*0203、A*0204、A*0205、A*0206、A*0207、A*6802、A*6901)各等位基因,分析与宫颈癌关联的等位基因及其结构与功能特点.方法提取湖北土家族正常人群236名育龄妇女及59例原发性宫颈癌患者外周血DNA,采用SBT(sequence based typing)、SSOP(Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probes)HLA基因分型技术,对HLA-A2超型各等位基因型进行分型,比较宫颈癌病例组和正常对照组中HLA-A2超型中相应等位基因型构成比的差异,并分析相关等位基因的结构特点.结果有7种HLA-A2超型等位基因HLA-A*0201(17.3%)HLA-A*0202(9.5%)HLA A*0203(1.4%)HLA-A*0204(3.8%)HLA-A*0205(3.1%)HLA-A*0206(10.8%)HLA-A*0207/0215N(9.8%),其中HLA-A*0202和HLA A*0206在正常对照组和宫颈癌病人组的构成比有显著性差异(p＜0.05),HLA-A*0202(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.05～0.48)和HLA A*0206(OR=0.2,95%CI=0.67～1.07)对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.结论湖北土家族人群HLA-A*0201所占比例最高达17.3%,HLA-A*0202和HLA-A*0206对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.     

后基因组时代的胶质瘤分子生物学研究

在后基因组时代,对胶质瘤组织重构过程中的组织病理学、细胞遗传学及其相应分子改变的深入研究,为胶质瘤的分子病因、恶性进展、分子分型、基因治疗靶点筛选及预后评估研究提供有价值的参考依据.全文介绍了在该领域的相关研究进展.     

消化道肿瘤患者手术前后肠道通透性检测的临床意义

目的了解消化道肿瘤患者手术治疗前后肠道通透性的改变,探讨肠黏膜屏障功能是否受腹部手术的影响。方法选择手术治疗消化道肿瘤患者16例,在术前、术后1周口服乳果糖、甘露醇液后采集6小时尿样,尿样和乳果糖、甘露醇的标准样经肟化处理后通过气相色谱分析仪糖分子探针法进行检测分析其含量及比值。结果甘露醇峰、乳果糖峰出峰时间稳定,峰面积随含量增加而增加,并且呈线性相关;消化道肿瘤手术前后尿样中的乳果糖含量和乳果糖/甘露醇有显著性差异,乳果糖含量增高,而甘露醇含量手术前后无显著性差异。结论消化道肿瘤手术会导致肠黏膜通透性增加,出现肠黏膜屏障功能损害。     

红景天属植物DALP反应体系的建立

目的 利用直接扩增片段长度多态(DALP)这一新分子标记技术建立一套稳定的红景天属植物的DALP反应体系。方法 以红景天基因组DNA为模板,对DALP反应程序的一些重要参数进行摸索和优化试验。结果 建立了一套稳定性强、可靠性高的DALP应用反应体系;经过大量重复性实验,反应体系为20μL,Mg2 浓度为2.5 mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为1.25 mmol/L,模板DNA的量为60 ng,5 pmol/L选择性引物1μL,5 pmol/L反向引物3 μL,引物浓度比为1:3,Taq酶2 U。反应过程为:95℃预变性5 min、94℃变性30 s、50℃退火30 s、72℃延伸1 min;30个循环,再72℃延伸10 min,完成整个PCR反应。结论 该体系可有效地应用于红景天属药材的分类鉴定和地道性鉴定。     

ISSR-PCR在石斛种间鉴别中的应用

目的 采用ISSR-PCR方法对石斛属9种植物进行鉴别,探讨不同种石斛在DNA分子水平上的差异。方法 选取10条由SSR组成的引物,对9种石斛进行PCR扩增及琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果 10条引物中有7条扩增出多态性条带。每条引物可检测的多态性位点最少7个,最多14个,扩增片段大小为220-1260 bp。其中,引物UBC-807和UBC-864具有较高的多态性条带比率,均可以独立将所有被测种区分开来。结论ISSR-PCR作为一种简便、可靠的分子标记鉴定技术,可以作为石斛属种间鉴别的方法之一。     

水中嗜肺军团菌分布规律研究

目的　探讨水环境中嗜肺军团菌分布规律及分型特征。方法　采集自然环境及生活环境中各主要水体样品 ,浓缩后经常规细菌培养后的疑似菌株 ,用血清学鉴定与 1 6SrRNA半套式PCR技术双重鉴定进行军团菌和嗜肺军团菌的分型。结果　全部 1 2 6个监测点水样有 2 8个出现军团菌阳性 (其中嗜肺军团菌 2 1个 ) ;自然环境及生活环境监测点军团菌阳性率分别为 32 1 %、2 2 2 % (其中嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为2 1 4 %、1 6 7% ) ;全年 4 30份水样有 36份军团菌阳性 (其中 2 3份为嗜肺军团菌 ) ,夏、秋季检出率较高 ,春、冬季也有检出 ;空调冷却塔水、淋浴喷头水、公园湖水检出率较高。结论　嗜肺军团菌在自然环境及生活环境各水体中分布广泛。环境温度是军团菌污染的重要因素 ,夏、秋季是军团菌污染和军团病传播的高发季节 ,春、冬季也可发生。公园娱乐水体、空调冷却水、淋浴喷头水等与人群密切接触水体是军团菌污染和军团病传播的高危水体。应尽快采取预防与控制措施以保护广大人群身体健康     

EGF刺激下PIP2水解的数学模型

为了研究表皮生长因子刺激下细胞膜上磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸水解的动力学特性,我们根据质量作用定律和准稳态近似原则建立数学模型,模拟磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸的代谢;建立了磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸和表皮生长因子受体间浓度关系的微分方程,讨论了各个参数对磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸浓度变化趋势的影响。这个数学模型描述了磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸代谢的生物学特性以及关键信号分子间的浓度依赖关系。