Laying the Cytotaxonomic Foundations of a New Model Grass, Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv.

Brachypodium distachyon is a ubiquitous, temperate grass species which is being developed and exploited as an alternative model to rice, in order to gain access to important syntenic regions of the genomes of less tractable relatives such as wheat. As part of this initiative, this paper describes for the first time the cytotaxonomy of members of the polyploid series of this species, and challenges the assumption that the series evolved simply by chromosome doubling. In situ hybridization using genomic DNA probes and rDNA markers uncovers a hybrid origin of several of the polyploid ecotypes, and sheds light upon the complex evolution of this species and its close relatives.     

经咽旁入路选择性切除大鼠垂体前叶的研究

目的研究经咽旁入路选择性的切除大鼠垂体前叶，以制备大鼠垂体前叶激素缺乏模型如生长激素（GH）缺乏模型。方法经腹侧咽旁入路，运用显微神经外科技术经基蝶骨底选择性地切除垂体前叶。然后采用竞争免疫沉淀法检测大鼠生长激素的含量，术后统计死亡率、成功率。结果切除垂体前叶后大鼠的死亡率为26．7％，成活率为73．3％，全切率为91％；成功制备大鼠模型的GH显著低于假手术组和对照组。结论运用显微外科技术可以成功的选择性的切除大鼠垂体前叶，制备出垂体前叶激素如生长激素缺乏的动物模型。     

大鼠脑干缺血模型制备及早期超微结构观察

目的:制备脑干缺血动物模型并观察大鼠脑干缺血后早期组织学病理的超微结构。方法:应用两点电凝基底动脉的方法制作鼠脑干缺血动物模型。结果:病理学观察发现脑干缺血2小时即可出现超早期病理变化,并随时间的延长缺血性损害逐渐加重。结论:两点电凝基底动脉后可以造成稳定的脑干缺血,对急性脑干缺血的病理学研究有一定的价值。     

慢传输型便秘模型的建立及其机制探讨

目的 :建立实验型慢传输型便秘模型。　方法 :实验组小鼠皮下注射吗啡建立慢传输型便秘模型 ,记录小鼠粪便重量 ,利用炭沫推进试验比较实验组与对照组小鼠结肠传输功能 ;利用免疫组化技术比较两组小鼠结肠组织中Cajal细胞数量。　结果 :实验组小鼠粪便重量减轻 (P <0 .0 1) ,结肠推进率较对照组明显延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ca jal细胞数量较对照组明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :吗啡皮下注射诱导小鼠结肠慢传输型便秘模型符合疾病的基本特点 ,其发病机制可能与内源性阿片肽增多和 (或 )肠道Cajal细胞异常改变有关     

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson''s disease: electropermeabilization and activation

Deep brain stimulation, DBS, is an accepted technique for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. DBS affects the electrical functions of neurons, but exactly how it alters those functions is not clearly explained. An electrical model is determined to simulate treatment with DBS of the sub thalamic nucleus. This model shows the difference in electrical fields between the inside and the outside the neurons. The generated electrical field near the electrodes is high enough to perform an electropermeabilization of the cell membranes, which most likely blockade normal nerve pulses or reduce the nerve impulse speed. Further away from the electrodes activation of large axons is performed.     

Mice aorta loop grafting： A new model which separate vascular rejection and neointimal formation in chronic rejection

To study the cause and mechanism of transplantation vasculopathy which characterized by accelerated graft arteriosclerosis ( AGA), we estabfished a mouse aorta graft model. Methods: A segment of thoracic aortas of B10. A (2R) mice were transplanted to C57BL/10 mice abdominal aorta by end to side anastomoses. The different time point collected grafts were analyzed by morphological, histochemical and electro microscopic methods. Results:Rejection was manifested as a concentric progressive destruction of the smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the endothelial inflammation and subsequent ncointimal proliferation characteristic of AGA was localized to the regions of turbulent flow, i.e. the junction of the graft with the recipient aorta. Conclusion: This model separates the processes of rejec-tion and neointimal formation which usually manifested together in the lesion of AGA, elucidate that different mecha-nisms control vascular rejection and neointimal formation in chronic rejection.     

健身宝对衰老模型小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响

目的　研究健身宝补脾益肾、延缓衰老的作用机制。方法　将 60只小鼠随机分为 6组 ,除正常对照组外均每日注射对D -半乳糖造成衰老模型 ,同时给予不同剂量的健身宝和金匮肾气丸。 6周后检测小鼠血清中SOD活性、MDA含量。结果　衰老模型组与正常对照组比较 ,小鼠血清中SOD活性显著降低 ,MDA含量显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;而健身宝大、中剂量组与正常对照组相比较 ,小鼠血清中SOD活性显著升高 ,MDA含量显著降低 ,与衰老模型组相比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　健身宝明显提升D -半乳糖拟衰小鼠血清中SOD活性 ,降低MDA含量 ,可从调节自由基代谢和提高抗氧化能力方面发挥延缓衰老的作用。     

Unsupervised fuzzy clustering analysis supports behavioral cutoff criteria in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Unsupervised fuzzy clustering (UFC) analysis is a mathematical technique that groups together objects in the multidimensional feature space according to a specified similarity measurement, thereby yielding clusters of similar data points that can be represented by a set of prototypes or centroids. METHODS: Since clinical studies of mental disorders distinguish between affected and unaffected individuals, we designed an inclusion/exclusion criteria (cutoff behavioral criteria [CBC]) approach for animal behavioral studies. The effect of classifying the study population into clearly affected versus clearly unaffected individuals according to behaviors on two behavioral paradigms was statistically significant. RESULTS: Here the raw data from previous studies were subjected to UFC algorithms as a means of objectively testing the validity of the concept of the CBC for our experimental model. The first UFC algorithm yielded two clearly discrete clusters, found to consist almost exclusively of the exposed animals in the one and unexposed animals in the other. The second algorithm yielded three clusters corresponding to animals designated as clearly affected, partially affected, and clearly unaffected. The algorithm for physiological data in addition to behavioral data failed to elicit discrete clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The UFC analysis yielded data that support the conceptual contention of the CBC and lends additional validity to our previous behavioral studies.     

肺炎衣原体感染小鼠肺组织免疫组化表现

目的 :通过研究小鼠肺组织免疫组化 ,对肺炎衣原体肺炎的发病机制进行初步的探讨。　方法 :以肺炎衣原体鼻内或静脉接种Icr小鼠 ,在不同时间点处死动物 ,用免疫组化的方法检测小鼠肺炎衣原体肺炎急性期肺组织的病理改变。　结果 :小鼠吸入肺炎衣原体后第 3、7、14天 ,肺组织中肺炎衣原体的免疫过氧化酶染色呈阳性。炎性肺组织阳性染色呈不均一性 ,为局限性分布。肺炎衣原体抗原阳性表达主要在肺泡巨噬细胞、间质细胞以及支气管周围淋巴组织等部位。静脉接种组引起上述类似改变 ,但程度轻 ,肺炎衣原体抗原阳性表达主要集中在肺泡巨噬细胞及间质细胞中。　结论 :免疫组化法检测小鼠肺炎衣原体肺炎急性期肺组织的病理改变 ,有助于肺炎衣原体肺炎急性期的诊断。肺炎衣原体呼吸道局部感染比血行感染的病理改变更为严重