Psychosocial Problems Among Siblings of Children with Disabilities in Japan: Psychosocial Association Between Mothers and Siblings

We conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate the psychosocial condition of siblings of children with disabilities in Japan. The participants were 50 siblings (aged 5–12, male = 42.0%) of children with disabilities and their parents as well as a control group consisting of 128 elementary school pupils (aged 6–12, male = 57.4%) and their parents. The proportion of mothers of children with disabilities suffering from a minor psychiatric illness and the proportion of corresponding siblings with psychosocial problems were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group, and a multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that mothers suffering from a minor psychiatric illness were significantly associated with siblings with psychosocial problems among families of children with disabilities. We discuss the psychosocial problems of siblings of children with disabilities.     

双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术46例疗效分析

目的：回顾分析双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术的临床疗效。方法：对46例（46眼）老年性白内障患者采用双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术进行治疗，观察术中超声波乳化时间，手术并发症、术后视力及角膜内皮细胞密度的变化。结果：术中超声波乳化时间为28～80s，平均为48s。术后1周最佳矫正视力：4．4～4．9者18眼，4．8以上者共28眼。术中末见明显并发症，术后3服角膜轻度水肿，治疗后消失。5眼术后3个月出现后发性白内障。结论：双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术是一种操作安全、可靠、疗效好的白内障手术方式，对硬核性白内障尤其有效。     

高龄前列腺增生患者合并膀胱结石同期处理的治疗评价

目的评价前列腺增生合并膀胱结石同期处理的治疗方法。方法56例患者分为两组,开放手术组采用经耻骨上膀胱小切口取膀胱结石,再行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。气压弹道碎石组先经尿道气压弹道碎石,再行TURP。结果开放手术组患者均一次取石成功,取石时间9～20min,无膀胱出血、膀胱切口渗尿、切口感染等并发症,未出现TURP综合征。术后膀胱冲洗液1、2d转清,造瘘管在5d内拔除,尿管8d内拔除。气压弹道碎石组:改为耻骨上膀胱切开取石术1例,其余患者均一次治疗成功。除碎石时膀胱黏膜有散在充血、水肿外,无1例膀胱穿孔,手术历时50～90min,其中碎石时间10～30min,前列腺手术时间一般控制在60min以内,未发生TURP综合征,未行膀胱造瘘。术后尿液转清时间2、3d,所有患者均于术后48h停止膀胱冲洗,术后5～7d拔除尿管。术中发生尿道损伤率为6.7%,无膀胱损伤穿孔,术后随访3～28个月尿道狭窄发生率为3.3%,采用尿道扩张后治愈。结论开放手术联合TURP、气压弹道碎石联合TURP均可对前列腺增生合并膀胱结石进行同期处理,均为安全有效的方法。     

Addressing Depression in a Long-term Care Setting: A Phase II Pilot of Problem-solving Treatment

PurposeThis was a Phase II pilot study of a problem-solving treatment (PST) to address subsyndromal depression in residents of long-term care facilities. Our goal was to demonstrate PST implementation feasibility and to identify PST’s potential for reducing depressive symptoms in this geriatric health care setting.MethodsEligible participants were randomized to receive a PST treatment (six 1-hour sessions) or a social contact comparison (6 “friendly” visits) after an initial baseline assessment. Follow-up assessments occurred 7 weeks later (after treatment) and 2 months posttreatment. The basic analytic approach was based on an intention-to-treat analysis.FindingsWe enrolled 21 elderly subjects in the PST group and 16 elderly subjects in the social contact comparison group. The PST group experienced a decline in depression scores compared with the social contact group. Although not statistically significant (likely due to the small sample size), PST was associated with decreased depressive symptom scores for those who were able to complete the intervention. Implementation proved to be difficult in terms of study recruitment and intervention acceptance and adherence.ImplicationsThese study findings point to the potential benefits of an integrated mental health component in long-term care, involving rehabilitation professionals who are already working with the older adults in both postacute/short-stay and long-stay settings.     

Complex phenotypes and phenomenon of genome-wide inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium in the human genome

Studies of non-human species show that loci on non-homologous chromosomes can be in linkage disequilibrium (LD). I focus on the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants to explore whether the phenomenon of inter-chromosomal LD can be caused by non-stochastic bio-genetic mechanisms in the human genome and be associated with complex, polygenic phenotypes. This paper documents remarkably strong and extensive LD among SNPs at loci on multiple non-homologous chromosomes genotyped using two independent (Affymetrix 50 K and 500 K) arrays. The analyses provided compelling evidences that the observed inter-chromosomal LD was unlikely generated by stochasticity, population or family structure, or mis-genotyping. The analyses show that this LD is associated with complex heritable phenotypes characterizing poor health. The inter-chromosomal LD was observed in parental and offspring generations of the FHS participants. These findings suggest that inter-chromosomal LD can be caused by bio-genetic mechanisms possibly associated with favorable or unfavorable epistatic evolution. This phenomenon can challenge our understanding of the role of genes and gene networks in regulating complex, polygenic phenotypes in humans.     

钙激活钾通道增龄变化及其与高血压血管重构的相关性

目的:探讨大电导钙激活钾通道(BKCa)增龄变化及其与高血压血管重构的关系。方法:①选取雄性9、15、21、27、33周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)及正常血压(WKY)大鼠,每周龄大鼠各4只;②测量腹主动脉平均动脉血压;③分离肠系膜小动脉及其血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs);④利用膜片钳全细胞模式记录肠系膜小动脉VSMCsBKCa电流密度;⑤观察肠系膜小动脉血管内径、中膜厚度、中膜与内径比的变化;⑥探讨BKCa电流密度增龄变化与血管重构的关系。结果:①不同周龄SHR组血压明显高于WKY组,且随增龄渐增高,而WKY组血压始终正常;②SHR肠系膜小动脉VSMCs BKCa电流密度随增龄降低,而WKY随增龄的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③SHR肠系膜小动脉血管内径增龄减小及中膜厚度、中膜厚度/内径比增龄增大显著(P<0.05),而WKY增龄无明显变化;④SHR肠系膜小动脉VSMCsBKCa电流密度与肠系膜小动脉血管内径、中膜厚度、中膜厚度/内径比均高度相关(r分别为0.8534、-0.8767、-0.8911)。结论:BKCa电流和电流密度随增龄衰减,与高血压血管重构高度相关。     

MMP-3及TIMP-1在正畸牙周组织改建过程中的表达

目的：探讨大鼠正畸牙周组织改建过程中基质金属蛋白酶－３（ＭＭＰ－３）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子－１（ＴＩＭＰ－１）与正畸牙齿移动的关系。方法：在ＳＤ成年大鼠上颌左侧第一磨牙上颌切牙之间安置正畸装置,建立大鼠上移动实验模型。于牙齿移动１、３、５、７、１４ｄ后取材分别进行免疫组化染色,图像分析,观察ＭＭＰ－３和ＴＩＭＰ－１表达的变化。结果：牙齿移动１ｄ后,牙周组织细胞ＭＭＰ－３表达增强,５ｄ后ＭＭＰ－３     

小蔓长春花提取物对脑缺血大鼠血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察小蔓长春花提取物(VMLE)对脑缺血大鼠血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响.方法 选择SD大鼠80只,采用Zea-Longa腔内线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,成模大鼠共50只.随机将大鼠分为模型组、尼莫地平组[ 10 g/(kg·d)]、VMLE高剂量组[10g/(kg·d)]、VMLE低剂量组[5 g/(kg·d)]和假手术组各10只,分别给予相应药物灌胃2d,48 h后测定大鼠血液流变学和抗氧化能力.结果 VMLE高、低剂量组均能明显降低脑缺血大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数,并能增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P均＜0.05);尼莫地平组能增强SOD、GSH-PX活性,降低MDA含量,但对脑缺血大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积无明显影响.结论 预防性应用VMLE可改善脑缺血大鼠血液流变学及抗氧化能力.     

PON1、ABCB1基因多态性在急性轻型脑卒中患者中的分布及其对短期预后的影响

目的 研究急性轻型脑卒中患者PON1 rs662、ABCB1 rs1045642位点的基因型分布情况,及其对短期预后的影响.方法 纳入2018年9月-2019年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经内科住院治疗的急性轻型脑卒中患者,治疗上采用阿司匹林100 mg/d加氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗21天后改为长期服用氯吡格雷7...     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the oral cavity

Minor salivary glands are ubiquitous in the oral cavity, and related diseases are often indolent and asymptomatic. We describe the unusual features of sclerosing polycystic adenosis, and its similarities to more sinister conditions of the minor salivary glands. Its importance is currently uncertain and research points to a pathogenesis that is neoplastic, which can create ambiguity. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis is a newly-discovered condition that merits further discussion and research to evaluate its full impact.