Metabolic syndrome: pathogenesis, medical care and dental implications

BACKGROUND: The dental literature contains little information about metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its dental implications. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a MEDLINE search for the period 2000 through 2005, using the term "metabolic syndrome" to define its pathophysiology, medical treatment and dental implications. RESULTS: MetS is the co-occurrence of abdominal obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension and impaired fasting glucose, which results from consumption of a high-calorie diet and decreased levels of physical activity superimposed on the appropriate genetic setting. Components of MetS synergistically promote the development of atherosclerosis, resulting in myocardial infarction and stroke. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Deteriorating oral health status is associated with worsening of the atherogenic profile. Tooth loss often results in chewing difficulties because of inadequate occlusive surfaces and may lead to alterations in food selection and dietary quality. This, in turn, adversely affects body composition and nutritional status, both of which are related to vascular health. Dentists should develop treatment plans that preserve and restore the dentition, thus ensuring maximum masticatory efficiency and affording patients the optimum opportunity to consume food that will not foster atherogenesis.     

血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平检测在卵巢癌患者中的临床意义

目的:探讨血清糖类抗原125(CA125)、微小RNA-139-5p(miRNA-139-5p)、微小RNA-15a(miRNA-15a)水平检测在卵巢癌患者中的临床意义。方法:选取74例卵巢癌患者作为卵巢癌组,选取同期74名该院健康体检者作为对照组,比较卵巢癌组与对照组、不同分化程度卵巢癌患者、不同病理分期卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平,分析血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平与卵巢癌分化程度和病理分期的相关性。结果:卵巢癌组CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平均高于对照组,miRNA-15a水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌低分化患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平均高于中分化和高分化患者,且中分化患者高于高分化患者;卵巢癌低分化患者miRNA-15a水平低于中分化和高分化患者,且中分化患者低于高分化患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平随着病理分期升高而升高,即Ⅰ期<Ⅱ期<Ⅲ期<Ⅳ期,卵巢癌患者miRNA-15a水平随着病理分期升高而降低,即Ⅰ期>Ⅱ期>Ⅲ期>Ⅳ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平与卵巢癌分化程度呈负相关,与病理分期呈正相关,miRNA-15a水平与卵巢癌分化程度呈正相关,与病理分期呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平升高,miRNA-15a水平降低,且与卵巢癌分化程度、病理分期存在相关性,血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平可为临床卵巢癌患者诊治提供参考依据。     

经颅电刺激对脑梗死大鼠的运动功能及神经微丝表达的影响

目的　研究经颅电刺激治疗对大鼠脑梗死后运动功能、神经微丝蛋白 (NFP 2 0 0 )表达及脑可塑性物质基础的影响机制。方法　SD成年雄性大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞 (MCAO)后 ,经颅电刺激大鼠双眼脑间到人字缝处相应的双侧感觉运动区 ,以横木行走试验 (BWT)评价大鼠的精细运动功能恢复情况 ,免疫组化法观察各时段缺血性半影区神经元轴突变化及NFP 2 0 0的表达。结果　经颅电刺激治疗的大鼠 ,运动功能的恢复较对照组明显改善 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗组第 1个疗程末缺血性半影区NFP 2 0 0阳性神经轴突的形态学变化及表达与对照组相似 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,从 2～ 6个疗程缺血性半影区阳性纤维的表达均较对照组高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　经颅电刺激可以改善急性脑梗死大鼠瘫痪肢体运动功能 ,可能与以下机制有关 :经颅电刺激直接兴奋大脑皮质的运动中枢 ,形成神经冲动 ,引起相应大脑皮质神经元发生可塑性变化 ,促进中枢神经轴突发芽及形成新的神经联系 ,从而使兴奋从大脑皮质传导到骨骼肌乃至整个运动系统。     

lncRNA-MALAT1/miRNA-145在舒芬太尼预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中的作用

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)肺腺癌转录子1(MALAT1)在舒芬太尼预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤(MIRI)中的作用。方法 SPF级大鼠36只,体重180~200 g,随机分为三组:假手术组(Sham组),缺血-再灌注损伤组(IR组),缺血-再灌注损伤+舒芬太尼组(SUF组),每组12只。IR组和SUF组建立大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤模型,SUF组于再灌注前10 min尾静脉注射舒芬太尼1μg/kg,Sham组和IR组注射等体积生理盐水。再灌注后2 h检测大鼠血清中肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,同时检测大鼠心肌梗死面积;检测心肌细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved-caspase-3和Caspase-3含量;检测大鼠心肌组织中lncRNA-MALAT1和miRNA-145的相对表达量。结果与Sham组比较,IR组和SUF组CK-MB和cTnT浓度明显升高,LDH活性明显增强,心肌梗死面积明显增大,心肌组织中Bax/Bcl-2比值明显降低,Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白含量明显升高,lncRNA-MALAT1相对表达量明显升高,而miRNA-145相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05)。与IR组比较,SUF组CK-MB和cTnT浓度明显降低,LDH活性明显减弱,心肌梗死面积明显减小,Bax/Bcl-2比值明显升高,Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白含量明显降低,lncRNA-MALAT1相对表达量明显降低,miRNA-145相对表达量明显增加(P<0.05)。结论舒芬太尼预处理能减轻大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤程度,其机制可能与抑制lncRNA-MALAT1、升高miRNA-145表达有关。     

miRNA-30 b纳米粒转染对甲状腺未分化癌细胞系TA -K 细胞生物学特性的影响

目的：研究miRNA-30b纳米粒对甲状腺未分化癌细胞株TA-K细胞的生物学特性的影响。方法转染不同浓度的miRNA-30b纳米粒进入TA-K细胞中,通过流式法检测TA-K细胞凋亡情况,后通过生物信息学预测miR-NA-30b的生物学靶点,并通过RT-PCR及Western Blot方法验证。结果发现转染了miRNA-30b纳米粒后,TA-K细胞的凋亡显著增加,而生物信息学显示miRNA-30b可靶向作用于Survivin,后经RT-PCR及Western blot 法证实Sur-vivin确实是miRNA-30b的生物学靶点。结论 miRNA-30b可以通过作用Survivin促进TA-K细胞的凋亡,这一现象也为将来甲状腺未分化癌的临床治疗提供了新的思路。     

非瓣膜病心房颤动患者循环miRNA-21水平及应用价值初探

目的：探索非瓣膜病心房颤动患者循环miRNA-21的水平及可能的应用价值。 方法：前瞻性的筛选连续收治的非瓣膜病心房颤动患者,收集患者的人口学特征,病史等资料。将CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2分（男）或≥3分（女）定义为高卒中风险。采集患者空腹外周静脉血,ELISA法检测NT-proBNP;qRT-PCR法检测循环miRNA-21水平。评估miRNA-21水平与CHA2DS2-VASc评分和NT-proBNP之间的相关性,ROC曲线验证miRNA-21对高卒中风险的预测价值。 结果：共入选患者89例,高卒中风险患者41例（46.1%）,中位CHA2DS2-VASc评分4（2.5-5.5）分。,高卒中风险组与低卒中风险组血常规、肝肾功能、NT-proBNP等无显著差异;高卒中风险组循环miRNA-21表达量显著升高。Pearson相关分析显示循环miRNA-21表达量与CHA2DS2-VASc评分(r=0.461,p=0.002)和NT-proBNP（r=0.386, p=0.013）均显著相关。ROC分析提示miRNA-21表达量对高卒中风险具有较高预测价值（AUC=0.843, p＜0.001）。 结论：循环miRNA-21可能用于预测非瓣膜病心房颤动患者高卒中风险。     

Surgical repair of uncomplicated atrial septal defect without "routine" preoperative cardiac catheterization

Whether all patients with atrial septal defect should undergo cardiac catheterization before surgical correction is controversial. Of 152 patients of all ages with surgically documented isolated atrial septal defect (ostium secundum, ostium primum and sinus venosus types) who underwent preoperative two-dimensional echocardiography between January 1978 and December 1983, there were 55 (36%) (group 1) who did not have preoperative cardiac catheterization. These 55 patients are compared with the 97 patients (64%) who did have preoperative catheterization studies (group 2). Group 1 patients were younger (mean age 22 versus 36 years) and did not have clinical evidence of other associated cardiac disorders. Forty-four (80%) of the group 1 patients had typical findings for atrial septal defect on cardiac examination, chest radiograph and electrocardiogram compared with 16 (16%) of group 2 patients (p less than 0.001). The most frequent reasons for cardiac catheterization in group 2 patients were documentation of diagnosis, usually because of atypical clinical findings, and exclusion of associated cardiac abnormalities. Contrast echocardiography, radionuclide shunt studies and Doppler echocardiography were used as additional confirmatory tests in 36 patients (65%). In 19 patients (35%), two-dimensional echocardiography was the only confirmatory test. There were no false positive two-dimensional echocardiographic studies. There were no operative deaths or significant perioperative complications in any of the patients. At a mean follow-up of 28 months (range 6 to 64), there was one late death (3 1/2 years postoperatively) in a 61 year old man with chronic congestive heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide and suppresses its tumorigenicity

Resistance of glioblastoma to the chemotherapeutic compound temozolomide is associated with the presence of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma and is a key obstacle for the poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Here, we show that phospholipase D1 is elevated in CD44^High glioblastoma stem cells and in glioblastoma, especially recurring glioblastoma. Phospholipase D1 elevation positively correlated with the level of CD44 and poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Temozolomide significantly upregulated the expression of phospholipase D1 in the low and moderate CD44 populations of glioblastoma stem cells, but not in the CD44^High population in which phospholipase D1 is highly expressed. Phospholipase D1 conferred resistance to temozolomide in CD44^High glioblastoma stem cells and increased their self-renewal capacity and maintenance. Phospholipase D1 expression significantly correlated with levels of temozolomide resistance factors, which were suppressed by microRNA-320a and -4496 induced by phospholipase D1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of phospholipase D1 attenuated glioblastoma stem cell-derived intracranial tumors of glioblastoma using the microRNAs, and improved survival. Treatment solely with temozolomide produced no benefits on the glioblastoma, whereas in combination, phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitized glioblastoma stem cells to temozolomide and reduced glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Together, these findings indicate that phospholipase D1 inhibition might overcome resistance to temozolomide and represents a potential treatment strategy for glioblastoma. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

Accuracy of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing–generated dental casts based on intraoral scanner data

Background.Little is known about the accuracy of physical dental casts that are based on three-dimensional (3D) data from an intraoral scanner (IOS). Thus, the authors conducted a study to evaluate the accuracy of full-arch stereolithographic (SLA) and milled casts obtained from scans of three IOSs.Methods.The authors digitized a polyurethane model using a laboratory reference scanner and three IOSs. They sent the scans (n = five scans per IOS) to the manufacturers to produce five physical dental casts and scanned the casts with the reference scanner. Using 3D evaluation software, the authors superimposed the data sets and compared them.Results.The mean trueness values of Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S. (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn.), CEREC AC with Bluecam (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) and iTero (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif.) casts were 67.50 micrometers (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 63.43-71.56), 75.80 μm (95 percent CI, 71.74-79.87) and 98.23 μm (95 percent CI, 94.17-102.30), respectively, with a statistically significant difference among all of the scanners (P < .05). The mean precision values were 13.77 μm (95 percent CI, 2.76-24.79), 21.62 μm (95 percent CI, 10.60-32.63) and 48.83 μm (95 percent CI, 37.82-59.85), respectively, with statistically significant differences between CEREC AC with Bluecam and iTero casts, as well as between Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S. and iTero casts (P < .05).Conclusion.All of the casts showed an acceptable level of accuracy; however, the SLA-based casts (CEREC AC with Bluecam and Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S.) seemed to be more accurate than milled casts (iTero).Practical Implications.On the basis of the results of this investigation, the authors suggested that SLA technology was superior for the fabrication of dental casts. Nevertheless, all of the investigated casts showed clinically acceptable accuracy. Clinicians should keep in mind that the highest deviations might occur in the distal areas of the casts.     

不同类型肠易激综合征患者血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a水平的临床意义

目的探讨不同类型肠易激综合征(IBS)患者血清微小RNA(miRNA)-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平的相关性及临床意义,为IBS的病因学研究提供理论依据。方法采用病例抽样的方法选取2015年10月至2018年6月该院IBS患者110例,选取同期110例体检健康者为健康对照组。受试者采样前12 h低蛋白饮食,每位受试者取10 mL静脉血样本,静脉血3000 r/min离心后取上清。采用实时荧光定量反转录PCR测定受试者miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平。结果混合型IBS的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平均显著高于其他3种亚型(P<0.05),不确定型IBS的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平均显著高于便秘型IBS及腹泻型IBS(P<0.05)。混合型、不确定型IBS患者的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a、miRNA-200a的表达水平两两之间均存在相关性且有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对于单纯腹泻或者便秘型IBS患者来说,仅miRNA-29a与miRNA-200a的表达水平存在统计学相关性(P<0.05)。结论混合型、不确定型IBS患者血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平较其他2种亚型高,且血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达两两之间具有显著相关性。