In vivo neutron dosimetry during high-energy Bremsstrahlung radiotherapy

Purpose: A new technique is presented for in vivo measurements of the dose equivalent from photoneutrons produced by high-energy radiotherapy accelerators.Methods and Materials: The dosimeters used for this purpose are vials of superheated halocarbon droplets suspended in a tissue-equivalent gel. Neutron interactions nucleate the formation of bubbles, which can be recorded through the volume of gel they displace from the detector vials into graduated pipettes. These detectors offer inherent photon discrimination, dose-equivalent response to neutrons, passive operation, and small sensitive size. An in vivo vaginal probe was fabricated containing one of these neutron detector vials and a photon-sensitive diode. Measurements were carried out in patients undergoing high-energy x-ray radiotherapy and were also repeated in-phantom, under similar irradiation geometries.Results and Conclusion: Neutron doses of 0.02 Sv were measured in correspondence to the cervix, 50 cm from the photon beam axis, following a complete treatment course of 46.5 Gy with an upper mantle field of 18-MV x-rays. This fraction of dose from neutrons is measured reliably within an intense photon background, making the technique a valid solution to challenging dosimetry problems such as the determination of fetal exposure in radiotherapy. These measurements can be easily carried out with tissue-equivalent phantoms, as our results indicate an excellent correlation between in vivo and in-phantom dosimetry.     

从白衣战士到医药教育家--简记国家卫生部原医教局局长朱潮

简要回顾了朱潮早期的革命生涯和战斗经历,着重介绍了他在全国解放后的数十年来从事全国医药教育管理领导工作上所取得的主要业绩和重要贡献。同时,还对他的工作精神、思想作风和为人处事等作了简述。     

医学气象学与SARS流行的相关性研究

目的从医学气象学角度探讨SARS流行与气象因素的相关性。方法以SARS高发区广州、北京为例,通过网络、报刊等媒介获取两地在SARS流行前后的相关气象因子(日最高温度、日最低温度、相对湿度)及SARS疫情报告,运用EXCEL2000及相关矩阵法统计分析气象因子与SARS流行的关系,并从医学气象学角度对其相关性作出探讨。结果①SARS在12.8～23.5℃发病率最高,且与最高温度呈负相关。②SARS发病与最低温度呈负相关,高发前期有明显的降温过程。③广州的相对湿度较北京高,但与SARS的流行相关性不大。④2001年冬平均气温高于往年。结论①相对湿度较大有利于SARS的发生。②SARS发生于温热天气,气温波动有助于其流行。③气候异常变化是SARS发生的诱因。     

医院设备购置中的供应商选择

供应商选择在医院设备采购中越来越重要。本文构建了医疗设备的供应商评价体系，然后应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商评价模型，最后给出算例予以说明。     

加强医学工程技术队伍建设

本文作者于前几年通过发函形式对海军7所中心医院医疗器械科人员编制、业务工作等情况进行了调研，就医院工程技术队伍建设谈些意见，现仍有较高的参考价值，表格数据略。     

Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统生物学安全性评价研究

依据国家标准GB/T16175-1996,选择10项试验对Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统进行生物学安全性评价[1],结果表明该支架系统的血液相容性良好,无全身毒性和细胞毒性,无热源性、致敏性、刺激性,也无遗传毒性,组织相容性尚可,是一种生物相容性优良的Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统.     

Primary clinical analysis of medical disorders in Chinese women with endometrial carcinoma

The objectives of this study were to survey the prevalence of medical disorders in Chinese women with endometrial carcinoma and evaluate their potential impact on the clinical treatment and prognosis. Three hundred and seven women with endometrial carcinoma, from July 1, 1971 to October 31, 2001, were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred and forty-six of them (47.6%) were found to have associated medical disorders. The most common medical disorders were hypertension (33.9%), diabetes mellitus (9.8%), and coronary heart disease (9.4%). As many as 38.4% of the women had two or more medical disorders. The patients with medical disorders were on average elder than those without any medical disorders (P < 0.01). Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered more commonly in the group with medical disorders than in the one without (P < 0.01). The rate of surgical procedures was significantly lower in the group with medical disorders than in the group without (P < 0.01). However, the extent of surgical interventions was similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The occurrence of medical disorders was independent of the tumor stage, grade, and histological types (P > 0.05). In addition, follow-up data showed that the 3-year and 5-year survivals were not influenced by the medical disorders (P > 0.05). The results thus suggest that Chinese women with endometrial carcinoma have frequently concurrent medical disorders. Selection of treatment strategies can be influenced by these associated medical disorders, but the overall survival is little changed.     

谈中等卫生学校课堂创新教育

探讨中等卫生学校医学人才的培养问题.方法:以现代教学思想为指导,实行启发式教学和研究性学习.结果:在实践中达到了事半功倍的教学效果.结论:教学一定要根据不同的教学对象,充分利用教学资源,以灵活多变的教学方式才能达到预期的教学目的.     

着力培育医疗市场营销新机制

探讨医疗市场营销问题.通过总结分析桐城市人民医院营销的做法经验,提出着力培育医疗市场营销新机制.