Stimulation of locus coeruleus increases arterial pressure in rabbits

目的：研究电刺激和化学刺激兔蓝斑（ＬＣ）对动脉血压（ＡＰ）和肾交感神经传出活动（ＲＳＡ）的影响．方法：电刺激ＬＣ，ＬＣ微量注射ＬＧｌｕ、盐酸吗啡、ＧＡＢＡ、电解毁损ＬＣ，记录ＡＰ和ＲＳＡ．结果：电刺激ＬＣ和ＬＣ注射ＬＧｌｕ均引起ＡＰ升高（分别为１３５±０３ｖｓ１９５±０８ｋＰａ和１３８±０４ｖｓ１７５±０８ｋＰａ）和ＲＳＡ增加．ＬＣ注射吗啡、ＧＡＢＡ对ＡＰ和ＲＳＡ无明显影响．电解毁损ＬＣ后电刺激ＬＣ区、ＬＣ区注射ＬＧｌｕ对ＡＰ和ＲＳＡ无明显影响．结论：兔ＬＣ兴奋引起ＡＰ升高和ＲＳＡ增加，但ＬＣ不是ＡＰ和ＲＳＡ的紧张性中枢．     

非折返房性心动过速P波形态的定位诊断

目的:通过分析房性心动过速(房速)时心电图P波形态特征判定房速起源。方法:对37例成功行单靶点消融治疗的房速患者的P波形态和参数与消融靶点进行对比分析。计算房速时PR与PP间期比值(PRI)评价激动在房室结传导的时程变化;计算P波与PR间期的比值(PCI)评价激动在房内传导的变化。结果:29例靶点位于右房,8例位于左房。左房房速在下壁导联P波振幅显著增高。右房后壁的PR(I0.52±0.05)数值在各部位中最大,无冠窦、冠状窦口和右房侧壁的PCI(0.24±0.04)值最小。结论:aVL和V1导联P波形态对区分左房和右房房速具有重要的临床意义,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联可为起源点位于心房上下提供线索,PRI、PCI有助于房速起源的判定。     

华蟾素注射乳剂的制备及制剂质量的研究

目的制备稳定合格的华蟾素注射乳剂,完善已有的含量测定方法,并对制剂的质量进行研究。方法采用高压乳匀法制备华蟾素注射乳剂,并在华蟾素注射液中5-羟色胺含量测定方法(WS3-B-3045-98)的基础上,建立准确、稳定、操作简便的华蟾素注射乳剂中指标性成分含量的测定方法.结果5-羟色胺含量的最佳测定条件为温度不低于20℃,且在加入显色剂后30~35 min内测定,乳剂中5-羟色胺含量为(11.25±0.54)mg.L-1;华蟾素注射乳剂的粒径为(87.7±16.1)nm,zeta电位为-23.7 mV,渗透压偏高渗,pH值为5.31,黏度为3.922×10-3Pa.s,Ke为2.5%。结论华蟾素注射乳剂各项指标基本符合《中华人民共和国药典》2005版静脉注射制剂及部颁标准中华蟾素制剂含量的要求。     

电针对兔实验性周围性面瘫干预作用量效关系的影响

目的通过各因素对疗效干预作用量效关系的分析,优选周围性面瘫的最佳电针治疗方案,为提高针灸治疗本病的临床疗效提供科学实验依据。方法选用日本大耳白兔54只,雌雄各半,采用神经卡压法造成左侧面神经损伤动物模型。54只兔随机分为9组(每组6只),运用正交试验设计的方法,采用针刺时机(急性期、静止期、恢复期)、电针波形(密波、疏波、疏密波)、腧穴配伍(面部+头穴、面部+体穴、面部+头体穴)的三因素三水平搭配组合方案,随机分入L9(34)正交表安排的9组实验中,共观察4星期。采用电生理的方法测定面运动神经传导速度(MCV)。结果采用急性期、选择电针疏密波形、取面部+体穴针刺治疗实验性周围性面瘫可以使MCV恢复最快,且各因素对疗效影响从大到小排列为针刺时机电针波形腧穴配伍。结论不同因素对电针治疗兔实验性周围性面瘫疗效的影响不同,其中针刺时机的正确选择为主效应因素,其次为电针波形,再次为腧穴配伍。电针治疗兔实验性周围性面瘫最佳方案为急性期,选择电针疏密波形,取面部+体穴针刺治疗。     

痰湿证睡眠呼吸暂停患者CPAP压力水平研究

目的:对痰湿证睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者运用持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗,探讨呼吸机压力水平和BMI、颈围、最低血氧、AHI、鼾声指数的关系,推导相关压力值计算公式,方便临床应用。方法:对54例痰湿证OSA患者行呼吸机压力滴定,分析呼吸机压力水平和BMI、颈围、最低血氧、AHI、鼾声指数的相关性,得出平均压力的多元线性回归方程,用于临床参考。结果:(1)CPAP治疗前后AHI指数和鼾声指数有显著差异(P0.01),CPAP治疗疗效显著。(2)BMI、颈围、最低血氧、AHI、鼾声指数均和平均压力直线相关(P0.01)。(3)根据多元线性逐步回归,得出平均压力=0.220×颈围+0.036×AHI+0.001×鼾声指数-3.746。结论:OSA患者BMI、颈围、最低血氧、AHI、鼾声指数均与CPAP平均压力显著相关,通过回归方程计算得出相关压力水平。     

不同牵引重量对颈椎髓核内压力影响的研究

目的:通过测试不同牵引力量对颈椎标本髓核内压力的影响,探讨牵引对颈椎影响的机制。方法:利用生物力学材料实验机使用150N、200N、300N3种牵引力对6例新鲜人体颈椎标本进行力学加载,同时利用微型压力传感器测试加载过程中各节段髓核内压力的变化。结果:模拟头部重量及加载牵引力后均出现C5,6,C6,7髓核内压力高于C3,4,C4,5髓核内压力(P0.05),加载牵引力后所有标本髓核内压力均出现降低(P0.05)。结论:牵引通过增大颈椎椎间隙,降低外力对椎间盘髓核内的压力;同时在进行旋转手法时应配合适当的牵引力以增加旋转手法的安全性。     

高聚焦超声睫状体成形术和睫状体冷冻术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效比较

目的:比较高聚焦超声睫状体成形术(UCP)和睫状体冷冻术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。收集2017-01/2020-12本院收治的难治性青光眼患者45例81眼,依据患者治疗方法不同分为睫状体冷冻术组22例40眼,高聚焦超声睫状体成形术组23例41眼。观察两组患者术前,术后1d, 1wk, 1、3mo眼压变化情况,采用疼痛数字等级评定量表(NRS)评估眼球疼痛程度,比较两组患者手术效果和并发症发生情况。结果:高聚焦超声睫状体成形术组手术总有效率明显高于睫状体冷冻术组(P<0.05),两组患者术后1d, 1wk, 1、3mo眼压和眼球疼痛程度均低于术前(均P<0.05),两组间患者术后各时间点眼压和眼球疼痛程度比较均有差异(均P<0.05)。高聚焦超声睫状体成形术组患者结膜充血、角膜水肿、前房炎性渗出、反应性高眼压和前房积血并发症发生率低于睫状体冷冻术组(P<0.05)。结论:高聚焦超声睫状体成形术治疗难治性青光眼疗效明确,在降低患者眼压、减少眼球疼痛和并发症发生方面较睫状体冷冻术有明显优势。     

Accuracy of echocardiographic estimations of right heart pressures in adult heart transplant recipients

BackgroundAccurate assessment of right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is critical in the management of heart transplant recipients. The accuracy of echocardiography in estimating these pressures has been debated.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation and agreement between echocardiographic estimations of right heart pressures with those of respective invasive hemodynamic measurements by right heart catheterization (RHC) in adult heart transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a prospective evaluation of 84 unique measurements from heart transplant recipients who underwent RHC followed by standard echocardiographic evaluation within 159 ± 64 min with no intervening medication changes. The relationship between noninvasive pressure estimations and invasive hemodynamic measurements was examined.ResultsMean RAP was 7 ± 5 mmHg and mean PASP was 33 ± 8 mmHg by RHC. There was no significant correlation between echocardiographic estimation of RAP and invasive RAP (Spearman''s rho = −0.05, p = .7), and no significant agreement between these two variables (weighted kappa = −0.1). There was a modest correlation between echocardiographic estimation of PASP and invasive PASP (r = .39, p = .002). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 2.1 ± 9 mmHg (limits of agreement = −15 to 20 mmHg).ConclusionIn heart transplant recipients, there is no significant correlation or agreement between echocardiographic RAP estimation and invasively determined RAP. Noninvasive PASP estimation correlates significantly but modestly with invasively measured PASP. Further refinement of echocardiographic methods for assessment of RAP is warranted in this unique patient population.     

Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Over Randomised Controlled Trial

Blueberries are rich in polyphenols, and their effect on cardiovascular health, including risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, has been investigated in interventional studies. However, the difference between blueberry treatments in varied forms for their cardiovascular-protective effect remains poorly understood. The current study assessed the effects of whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder compared to a control on cardiovascular health in young adults. A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was implemented with 1 week of treatment for three treatment groups, each followed by 1 week of wash out period. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), plasma cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol) and triglyceride levels (TAG), and glucose and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations were compared following fresh blueberry, freeze-dried blueberry powder, and control treatments. Thirty-seven participants with a mean age of 25.86 ± 6.81 completed the study. No significant difference was observed among fresh blueberry, blueberry powder, and the control arm. Plasma NO2- levels were improved by 68.66% and 4.34% separately following whole blueberry and blueberry powder supplementations compared to the baseline, whereas the control supplementation reported a decrease (−9.10%), although it was not statistically significant. There were no other effects shown for SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, or glucose. No difference was shown between whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder consumption for improving cardiovascular health.     

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Consuming Two Kiwifruit Daily for 7 Weeks: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Eating two kiwifruit before breakfast by equi-carbohydrate partial exchange of cereal has been associated with lower postprandial glucose and insulin, but it increases the intake of fruit sugar. We assessed the effects of kiwifruit ingestion at breakfast over 7 weeks on metabolic and physiologic factors. Method: Forty-three healthy Asian participants were randomised to ingest 500 mL of carbonated water (control) or 500 mL of carbonated water plus two kiwifruit (intervention), before breakfast. Three-day weighed diet records were taken before and at week 4 during the intervention. Overnight fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and week 7. Forty-two participants completed the study (n = 22 control, n = 20 intervention). Results: The kiwifruit group consumed more fructose, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carbohydrates as a percentage of energy compared with the control group (p < 0.01). There was no evidence of between-group changes in metabolic outcomes at the end of the intervention, with the following mean (95% confidence interval) differences in fasting blood samples: glucose 0.09 (−0.06, 0.24) mmol/L; insulin −1.6 (−3.5, 0.3) μU/mL; uric acid −13 (−30, 4) μmol/L; triglycerides −0.10 (−0.22, 0.03) mmol/L; and total cholesterol −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) mmol/L. There was a −2.7 (−5.5, 0.0) mmHg difference in systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Eating two kiwifruit as part of breakfast increased fruit consumption and intake of antioxidant nutrients without a change in fasting insulin. There was a difference in systolic blood pressure and no adverse fructose-associated increases in uric acid, triglycerides, or total cholesterol. This simple intervention may provide health benefits to other demographic groups.