Altered therapy schedules in postoperative treatment of patients with malignant gliomas

Results of altered therapy schedules obtained in postoperative treatment of 294 patients with malignant gliomas over last 20 years are presented. During this period 135 patients received Conventional Irradiation and Chemotherapy (CICH), 61 patients received Conventional Irradiation (CI), 59 patients received Split Course High Fractional Dose Irradiation (SCHFDI), and 39 patients received Twice a Day Accelerated Irradiation (TDAI). Actuarial survival rates at 2, 3 and 5 years were 19%, 7%, 0% respectively for patients treated with CICH, and they were 21%, 10%, 0% for CI group, 24%, 12%, 0% for SCHFDI option and 15%, 8%, 0% for TDAI schedule. According to the Cox proportional hazard model, only age was significant factor in prognosis.     

双途径化疗治疗晚期肺癌并胸腔积液33例报道

目的观察双途径化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌合并胸腔积液的疗效.方法采用胸腔穿刺、CVP管植入灌注顺铂＋地塞米松与长春瑞宾（NVB）＋顺铂（DDP）联合静脉化疗相结合的方法治疗33例肺癌.结果治疗胸腔积液的有效率为93.94%,肺部病灶治疗有效率为48.48%.结论双途径给药为临床上值得推广的方法.     

Malignant pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade in a patient with metastatic vaginal adenocarcinoma

Malignant pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade is a rare manifestation of metastatic gynecological cancer. A 35-year-old female was diagnosed with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Four years after partial vaginectomy, she developed regional recurrence and was treated with surgical excision followed by platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Six years later, the patient was diagnosed with lung metastases and received a combination adriamycin and platinum-based chemotherapy. Shortly after completing treatment, she presented with weakness and was found to be hypotensive on physical exam. Computed tomography scan confirmed a pericardial effusion with evidence of bilateral heart failure. She underwent an emergent pericardiocentesis and eventual pericardial window procedure. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the vagina can present with malignant pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Therefore, gynecologists and gynecological oncologists need to be familiar with the diagnosis and management of this disease process.     

Second-line (post-study) chemotherapy received by patients treated in the phase III trial of pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND: A phase III trial in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma demonstrated a survival advantage for pemetrexed plus cisplatin compared with single-agent cisplatin. Because post-study chemotherapy (PSC) may have influenced the outcome of the trial, we examined its use and association with survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four patients from the pemetrexed plus cisplatin arm and 105 patients from the single-agent cisplatin arm received PSC. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were compared by treatment groups, and by PSC and non-PSC subgroups. RESULTS: The percentage of patients receiving PSC was imbalanced between the treatment arms. Fewer pemetrexed plus cisplatin treated patients received PSC (37.2% versus 47.3%). A multiple regression analysis performed in this trial showed that PSC had a statistically significant correlation with prolonged survival (P <0.01), adjusting for baseline prognostic factors and treatment intervention. The adjusted hazard ratio for PSC over non-PSC subgroups was 0.56 (confidence interval 0.44-0.72). CONCLUSIONS: PSC in malignant pleural mesothelioma was significantly associated with prolonged survival. It is not known whether the reduced risk of death was associated with PSC or whether patients who had prolonged survival tended to receive more PSC. The pemetrexed plus cisplatin treatment group had a statistically significant survival advantage even though fewer patients from that arm of the trial received PSC. The potentially beneficial role of PSC should be assessed in prospective trials.     

Breast magnetic resonance imaging: An essential role in malignant axillary lymphadenopathy of unknown origin

The aim of this retrospective case series was to assess the role of breast MRI in the investigation of ‘occult’ malignancy, and the associated potential to influence patient management. Between January 2000 and March 2004, 18 patients, who presented with axillary lymphadenopathy, most likely due to ‘occult’ breast cancer, were examined with MRI of the breast. The results showed 12 true positives, four true negatives, and two false positives. This gave an overall sensitivity of 85.7% and an overall accuracy of 86.7%. In those in whom malignancy was identified on MRI and subsequently proven histologically, 78% of these cancers were identified, and localized by preoperative MRI‐guided sonography. In addition, 55% of these patients were eligible for conservative surgery. As such, MRI of the breast is highly sensitive for the detection of mammographically and clinically occult breast cancer. The use of MRI enables a preoperative diagnosis to be made in a high percentage of patients and may allow retrospective targeted ultrasound localization. Definitive surgical planning, including the option of breast conservation, is made possible with the result of the MRI examination.     

两种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻疗效中的对比研究

目的 探讨恶性输尿管梗阻（malignant ureteral obstruction,MUO）现有的临床治疗方案和经验,讨论恶性输尿管梗阻时使用经皮肾脏穿刺引流（percutaneous nephrostomy,PN）或输尿管支架置入术（ureteral stenting,US）的临床适用范围,明确2种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻时肾功能损伤的有效性。方法 回顾性纳入重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科2021年1月至2023年5月诊断为恶性输尿管梗阻的患者,严格筛选纳入及排除标准后共有76例患者入组并随机分为PN组（n=22）与US组（n=54）,对患者基本特征及围术期、术后半年随访数据进行病例对照研究以反映肾功能在2组中的差异,采用SPSS 21.0版本对数据进行处理分析。结果 2组患者在性别（P=0.017）、手术侧肾积水程度（P=0.000）的比较,差异有统计学意义。2组患者术前3 d比较尿素氮（P=0.002）、血肌酐（P=0.003）,术后1 d尿素氮（P=0.017）、血肌酐（P=0.005）,差异有统计学意义。术后3 d与术后6个月2组患者在肾功能比较中差异均无统计学意义。结论 恶性输尿管梗阻以宫颈癌多发,其次为位膀胱癌、结直肠癌等。US可选择梗阻或积水较轻、慢性输尿管梗阻、肾功能损伤较轻的患者,可作为缓解输尿管梗阻的首选治疗方案。PN临床常对中至重度肾积水、肾功能损伤较重或者急性肾功能不全的恶性输尿管梗阻患者进行治疗,可作为US失败的替代方案。     

Malignant transformation of nevus sebaceous to basal-cell carcinoma: Case series,literature review,and management algorithm

Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a common congenital hamartoma of the skin composed predominantly of sebaceous glands. Although most NS are benign skin tumors, malignant transformations have been reported. There is still controversy about the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration and precise surgical criteria. This study reports cases of malignant degeneration and suggests a surgical treatment algorithm. The medical records of patients with basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) arising from NS between January 2001 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics including lesion location, and tumor size were investigated. The symptoms, histological findings before and after excision, complications, and recurrence during 2-year follow-up periods were investigated. Ten patients were identified with BCC arising from NS lesions. All patients were female and the mean age was 52.11 years. All patients complained of sudden morphological changes, the most common type being rapid color changes. Two cases had histological findings that showed a miss-match between punch biopsy and excisional biopsy results. No recurrence was detected 2 years after surgeries in any patients. Cases after third stage, especially in over 40 years who report morphologic changes, should undergo total surgical excision as the first approach, with strong suspicion of malignant degeneration.     

微卡胸膜腔注入治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察 5839

目的观察微卡胸膜腔内注入治疗恶性胸腔积液的效果和不良反应。方法2005年8月至2006年12月病理确诊的原发性支气管肺癌并恶性胸腔积液患者52例,胸膜腔内置入细管并接负压瓶,引流完胸腔积液后,随机分为两组,一组共27例胸腔内注入微卡225ug(微卡组);另一组共25例注入高聚生4000单位(高聚金组),观察对比两组的效果和不良反应。结果微卡组治疗效果CR6例、PR15例、NC4例、PD2例,有效率77.8%;高聚金组CR4例、PR16例、NC5例,有效率80.0%,两组的有效率无差异显著性(P>0.05)。微卡组患者80.0%(16/20),高聚金组81.2%(13/16)治疗后气促胸闷症状均有不同程度的改善甚至消失,两组比较无差异显著性(Fisher′s精确检验,P=1.00)。两组kamofsky评分治疗后比治疗前提高,微卡组平均提高(17.8±7.5)分;高聚金组(20.8±8.6)分,两组比较无差异显著性(t=1.35,P=0.183),两组均无严重不良反应事件,微卡组发热发生率33.3%,高聚生组48.0%,以低、中度发热为主,持续1～3d,经对症处理可缓解。结论微卡用于治疗恶性胸腔积液效果较好,不良反应轻微。     

颈部肿块性质与年龄和性别关系的研究

目的研究颈部肿块性质与年龄和性别的关系,以期提高颈部肿块的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年1月经病理确诊颈部肿块病例2136例。根据肿块的性质分为先天性、良性、恶性肿块。按年龄段分为四组:0～19岁,20～39岁,40～59岁,≥60岁。统计各年龄组三种性质肿块的构成比及不同年龄组、不同性别三种性质肿块的构成比。结果三种性质肿块在不同年龄组构成比均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。先天性肿块多见于20岁以下,各年龄组男女无差异;良性肿块多见于20～39岁,男女构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性多于男性,其余三组中男女无差异(P>0.05);恶性肿块多见于40岁以上,男女构成比相比在0～19岁差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在其余三组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男性多于女性。结论颈部肿块性质与年龄和性别存在着明显的关系,年龄和性别对颈部肿块的诊断有很大的帮助,临床上诊断颈部肿块时应考虑年龄和性别的因素。     

原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤诊治分析

目的探讨原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的诊治方法及预后。方法对1995~2005年收治的19例原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤患者的病历资料进行分析。结果术前X线、胃镜及内镜活检确诊率分别为6.3%、10.5%、21%。全组均行手术治疗,手术切除率为89.5%。术后均辅以CHOP方案化疗。5年生存率为52%。ⅠE期、ⅡE期、ⅢE Ⅳ期5年生存率分别为83.3%、42.9%、25%。结论原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤发病率低,临床表现无特异性,术前诊断较困难,极易误诊为胃癌。手术切除是治疗的主要方法。手术切除率和预后均优于胃癌,临床分期是判断预后的主要因素。