脊索瘤的C T、MR I表现及其误诊分析

目的：探讨脊索瘤的CT、MRI表现及分析其误诊原因。方法回顾性分析18例脊索瘤 CT、MRI 图像,对术前诊断错误者进行影像分析及总结。结果术前12例诊断正确,6例误诊。颅底部9例,骶尾部8例,颈椎1例。CT与 MRI显示病灶呈圆形或类圆形12例,不规则形6例;14例边界清楚,4例边界不清。CT见膨胀性溶骨性骨质破坏,肿块呈不均匀等密度或稍低密度;9例病灶内或周边见点片状钙化或残存骨质。MRI示病灶呈等稍低T1 WI、高T2 WI信号;CT及 MRI增强后肿块呈不均匀轻中度强化。结论脊索瘤具有一定的CT、MRI特征,CT与 MRI结合对脊索瘤的定位、定量、定性诊断具有重要的价值。     

Characterization of an Inducible Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Investigation in a Transgenic Porcine Tumorigenic Platform

Purpose

This study used the Oncopig Cancer Model (OCM) to develop alcohol-induced fibrosis in a porcine model capable of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

磁共振弥散加权成像在125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌疗效评估中的应用

目的探讨磁共振（MRI）弥散加权（DWI）成像对¹²⁵Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤疗效的评估价值。方法将人胰腺癌SWI990细胞株接种于BABL/C裸鼠右下肢旁腹股沟区偏背侧皮下,待瘤体长至8～10 mm进行干预,共有16只裸鼠的成瘤大小适用于实验,分为实验组8只,植入¹²⁵Ⅰ粒子,和对照组8只,植入空载粒子。粒子植入前及治疗后2周和2个月时分别行MRI常规扫描及DWI成像。取瘤体标本行组织病理学检查。结果实验组肿瘤细胞坏死明显,而对照组肿瘤细胞无明显或有少许坏死。裸鼠心、肝、肺、肾及脾脏等组织无明显放射炎症表现。常规MRI成像评价¹²⁵Ⅰ粒子治疗胰腺癌疗效的价值有限。DWI显示实验组内整个肿瘤组织的表观弥散系数（ADC）值在治疗前为（0.001 15±0.000 13）mm²/s,治疗后2周为（0.00I 29±0.000 038）mm²/s,治疗后2个月为（0.002 08±0.000 14）mm²/s,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组肿瘤实质区的ADC值亦较治疗前及对照组增高,但低于坏死区ADC值。结论 ¹²⁵Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤可导致肿瘤坏死.并对周围脏器是安全的。用常规MRI及DWI成像观察裸鼠皮下移植瘤可行。DWI对疗效评估有重要价值。     

动态增强MRI评价脊柱肿瘤血供与DSA的相关性

目的 确定动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在评价脊柱肿瘤血供与DSA染色的相关性.方法 40例诊断为脊柱肿瘤的患者在行栓塞术前作MR检查.根据血管造影表现,肿瘤分为富血供组、中等血供组和乏血供组.通过对肿瘤强化区域的感兴趣区(ROI)分析,应用常规MR的强化程度和DCE-MRI参数评价肿瘤血供.结果 40例肿瘤分为乏血供组(16例)、中等血供组(12例)和富血供组(12例).MRI强化程度在乏血供组和富血供组间没有统计学差异(P>0.05).而DCE-MRI在两组间显示差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).而且相对于MRI强化程度,DCE-MRI参数与DSA的关系更加密切.RSlopemax临界值为1.325时预测乏血供肿瘤的特异度和灵敏度最高,分别为100％和87.5％,而临界值为1.85时用于预测富血供肿瘤的特异度和灵敏度最高,分别为100％和96.4％.结论 与常规MRI相比,DCE-MRI可以更准确地评价脊柱肿瘤血供,而且显示与DSA更好的相关性.     

心血管磁共振特征追踪技术诊断早期高血压性心脏病

目的探讨心血管磁共振特征追踪(CMR-FT)技术对早期高血压性心脏病(HHD)的诊断价值。方法选取54例HHD患者,其中26例左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤50%(LVEF≤50%组),28例LVEF>50%(LVEF>50%组);另选40名健康志愿者作为对照组。行心血管磁共振(CMR)检查,检测各项心功能参数及整体纵向应变(GLS)。结果3组间左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、LVEF、心输出量(CO)、心指数(CI)、心率(HR)、左心室收缩期质量及舒张期质量、GLS差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。GLS与LVEDV、LVESV、HR、左心室收缩期质量及舒张期质量均呈正相关(r=0.340、0.460、0.284、0.640、0.570,P均<0.01),与SV、LVEF、CO、CI均呈负相关(r=-0.223、-0.516、-0.052、-0.260,P均<0.05)。结论CMR-FT可用于评估左心室功能,有助于早期诊断HHD。     

Follow-up study of thyroid function in polytransfused thalassemic patients

The aim of our investigation was to evaluate thyroid function by a follow-up study in 45 polytransfused thalassemic patients, since endocrine abnormalities are frequent consequences of iron overload in thalassemia major. Significant changes of thyroid function have been revealed in the time elapsing the observation, despite unchanged haematological parameters; at the end of the present study five patients were affected by overt hypothyroidism and 15 patients by subclinical hypothyroidism. Ultrasound thyroid volume in 13 randomly selected patients was greatly reduced, while thyroid Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was not able to detect tissue alterations. Inversely, liver MRI was markedly reduced in 14 patients and negatively related to ferritine levels (P< 0.01). We conclude that polytransfused thalassemics are frequently affected by thyroid disfunction; haepatic haemosiderosis due to iron overload seems influence hormonal peripheral metabolism, although the patients display a moderate compliance with iron chelation therapy. Therefore, periodic thyroid investigation should be carried out in thalassemic subjects in order to detect patients who need hormone replacement therapy.     

Electrospun Nanofibers Revisited: An Update on the Emerging Applications in Nanomedicine

Electrospinning (ES) has become a straightforward and customizable drug delivery technique for fabricating drug-loaded nanofibers (NFs) using various biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. One of NF’s pros is to provide a controlled drug release through managing the NF structure by changing the spinneret type and nature of the used polymer. Electrospun NFs are employed as implants in several applications including, cancer therapy, microbial infections, and regenerative medicine. These implants facilitate a unique local delivery of chemotherapy because of their high loading capability, wide surface area, and cost-effectiveness. Multi-drug combination, magnetic, thermal, and gene therapies are promising strategies for improving chemotherapeutic efficiency. In addition, implants are recognized as an effective antimicrobial drug delivery system overriding drawbacks of traditional antibiotic administration routes such as their bioavailability and dosage levels. Recently, a sophisticated strategy has emerged for wound healing by producing biomimetic nanofibrous materials with clinically relevant properties and desirable loading capability with regenerative agents. Electrospun NFs have proposed unique solutions, including pelvic organ prolapse treatment, viable alternatives to surgical operations, and dental tissue regeneration. Conventional ES setups include difficult-assembled mega-sized equipment producing bulky matrices with inadequate stability and storage. Lately, there has become an increasing need for portable ES devices using completely available off-shelf materials to yield highly-efficient NFs for dressing wounds and rapid hemostasis. This review covers recent updates on electrospun NFs in nanomedicine applications. ES of biopolymers and drugs is discussed regarding their current scope and future outlook.