Four of the six Drosophila rhodopsin‐expressing photoreceptors can mediate circadian entrainment in low light

Light is the major stimulus for the synchronization of circadian clocks with day–night cycles. The light‐driven entrainment of the clock that controls rest–activity rhythms in Drosophila relies on different photoreceptive molecules. Cryptochrome (CRY) is expressed in most brain clock neurons, whereas six different rhodopsins (RH) are present in the light‐sensing organs. The compound eye includes outer photoreceptors that express RH1 and inner photoreceptors that each express one of the four rhodopsins RH3–RH6. RH6 is also expressed in the extraretinal Hofbauer–Buchner eyelet, whereas RH2 is only found in the ocelli. In low light, the synchronization of behavioral rhythms relies on either CRY or the canonical rhodopsin phototransduction pathway, which requires the phospholipase C‐β encoded by norpA (no receptor potential A). We used norpA^P24 cry⁰² double mutants that are circadianly blind in low light and restored NORPA function in each of the six types of photoreceptors, defined as expressing a particular rhodopsin. We first show that the NORPA pathway is less efficient than CRY for synchronizing rest–activity rhythms with delayed light–dark cycles but is important for proper phasing, whereas the two light‐sensing pathways can mediate efficient adjustments to phase advances. Four of the six rhodopsin‐expressing photoreceptors can mediate circadian entrainment, and all are more efficient for advancing than for delaying the behavioral clock. In contrast, neither RH5‐expressing retinal photoreceptors nor RH2‐expressing ocellar photoreceptors are sufficient to mediate synchronization through the NORPA pathway. Our results thus reveal different contributions of rhodopsin‐expressing photoreceptors and suggest the existence of several circuits for rhodopsin‐dependent circadian entrainment. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2828–2844, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

复方甘草甜素联合地氯雷他定治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效观察

目的观察复方甘草甜素片联合地氯雷他定治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效。方法选择本院门诊慢性荨麻疹患者，随机分为治疗组37例，对照组33例，治疗组口服复方甘草甜素片50mg，3次／日，地氟雷他定5mg，1次／日，对照组仅口服地氟雷他定，疗程均为4周。结果治疗组有效率83．78％，对照组57．58％，两种有效率比较有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论复方甘草甜素片联合地氯雷他定治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效确切。     

阳明腑实证时内毒素与炎症介质的变化及复方大承气汤的治疗作用

目的 :探讨阳明腑实证时内毒素 (ET)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNFα)、一氧化氮 (NO)的变化情况 ,并观察复方大承气汤的治疗作用。 方法 :2 0例阳明腑实证患者 ,随机分为两组 ,一组给予常规治疗 ,另一组在常规治疗基础上给予复方大承气汤。检测入院时及治疗 5d后血浆ET ,血清TNFα、NO含量的变化 ,并以 10名健康志愿者作为正常对照组。 结果 :阳明腑实证患者血中内毒素、TNFα、NO的含量与正常对照组相比明显增高 (P值均 <0 0 1) ,经治疗后 ,上述指标均降低 (P值均 <0 0 1) ,尤以复方大承气汤治疗组降低更具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 :中药复方大承气汤可明显降低阳明腑实证患者血中内毒素及各炎症介质的水平 ,临床上有明显的疗效     

改良Z成形术联合活血化瘀中药治疗重度内眦赘皮临床观察

目的：观察改良Z成形术联合活血化瘀中药（田七、丹参）治疗重度内眦赘皮的临床疗效。方法：利用Z成形术的基本原理,明确固定标志,对重度内眦赘皮实施手术,手术当天开始服用活血化瘀中药,连续7天。结果：术后观察重度内眦赘皮的就医者,经6～12个月随访,术后赘皮消失、泪阜外露适度、睑裂开大并与内眦间距比例协调、内眦角形态良好、睑裂美观自然,所有就医者内眦处手术痕迹不显。结论：本改良Z成形术联合活血化瘀中药治疗重度内眦赘皮,术后效果好、无复发、手术痕迹不显,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

The medial femoral trochlea flap with a monitor skin island—Report of two cases

In this report, we present two cases of the bony reconstruction with the medial trochlea (MFT) flap including a skin island that was used to monitor the perfusion of flap in the postoperative period. Between March 2013 and April 2015, we performed surgery on two patients who suffered from scaphoid and talus non‐union after trauma and initial treatment by osteosynthesis. A skin island (1 cm × 1 cm and 3 cm × 1 cm, respectively) was included with the osseous flap (1.6 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm and 2 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, respectively) to assess the perfusion of the flap. The design of the skin island was based on either the saphenous artery perforator or a cutaneous perforator of the descending genicular artery. Both flaps remained viable throughout the postoperative period, and there were no donor site complications. After a follow‐up of 36 and 11 months, bony union was observed in both patients with a high degree of satisfaction. Thus, a MFT flap with a skin island could be a tool to assess the perfusion of the flap in the early postoperative period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:431–435, 2017.     

腕关节外固定支具联合复方倍他米松、甲钴胺治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效

目的:分析腕关节外固定支具联合复方倍他米松、甲钴胺治疗对腕管综合征(CTS)临床疗效、Boston 腕管问卷调查评分(BTCQ)及生活质量的影响。方法:回顾性收集2019年1月—2020年1月在我院收治的201例CTS患者的临床资料。所有患者均佩戴腕关节外固定支具,其中A组联合复方倍他米松注射液1 mL(52例)、B组予甲钴胺注射液0.5 mg(68例),C组予复方倍他米松1 mL联合甲钴胺0.5mg(81例)。对比三组治疗后3周的临床疗效、电生理指标改变情况、疼痛情况、症状缓解时间、BTCQ、生活质量以及不良反应。结果:C组总有效率为97.53%,明显高于A组(76.92%)、B组(72.06%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A、B组治疗后疼痛及麻木缓解时间、电生理指标及VAS评分比较,均无明显差异(P＞0.05),治疗后三组患者感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)、肌肉动作电位(CMAP)值均升高,正中神经末端运动潜伏期(DML)值均降低,C组SCV、MCV、CMAP值均高于A、B组,DML值低于A、B组(P<0.05);三组治疗后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)评分出现降低,C组VAS评分明显低于A、B组(P<0.05);C组疼痛及麻木缓解时间明显短于A、B组(P<0.05);治疗后,C组BTCQ明显低于A、B组,PCS、MCS评分则高于A、B组(P<0.05),A、B组治疗后BTCQ、PCS、MCS评分比较均无差异(P＞0.05);三组均未出现严重不良反应,A组不良反应总发生率为1.92%、B组为2.94%、C组为4.93%,三组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:腕关节外固定支具联合复方倍他米松、甲钴胺治疗CTS可提高患者治疗效果,改善腕功能,提高患者生活质量。     

两种镇痛方式改善静脉输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛的效果比较

目的 观察Valsalva呼吸、复方利多卡因乳膏减轻输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛感的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取148例接受抗肿瘤药物治疗患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、利多卡因组和Valsalva组,分别在无损伤针穿刺前1 h涂抹医用凡士林(安慰剂)、复方利多卡因乳膏和穿刺时采用Valsalva呼吸。观察患者穿刺疼痛程度。结果 利多卡因组疼痛评分显著低于Valsalva组和对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏可缓解输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛,提升患者舒适度。     

生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用切开复位、生物胶复合物植骨加解剖型支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折28例,受伤至手术时间5～10d,植入复合物量为3～8g。结果所有患者均获随访,随访6～24个月,全部骨折均获得临床愈合,未见关节面下陷,生物胶复合物中羟基磷灰石未见移动及吸收,治疗效果参照M echant评分标准,优13例,良11例,可3例,差1例,总优良率达85.3%。结论生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果良好。生物胶复合物具有较强的成骨能力,可修复骨缺损。     

股骨头钻孔持续药物灌注治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨股骨头钻孔复方丹参和复方骨肽局部持续灌注治疗股骨头坏死的疗效.方法对48例54髋股骨头缺血性坏死(Ⅰ～Ⅳ期)患者采用股骨头钻孔减压、置管持续灌注复方丹参和复方骨肽,治疗3～4周.结果46例52髋获随访1～6年,根据1995年全国首届骨坏死学术交流会拟订的100分标准,优良率达93.5%.结论股骨头钻孔持续药物灌注治疗股骨头坏死具有手术操作简单、创伤小、无副作用、疗效高等优点.