兔内听动脉阻断与听觉改变的关系

目的 探讨实验性内听动脉阻断与术后听力改变的关系及术中听觉监控的方法。方法 实验兔乙状窦后进路暴露小脑桥脑角，下压小脑暴露内听道及第Ⅷ神经复合体，分辨出内听动脉，予阻断不同时间，分别行蜗神经直接复合动作电位(DCAP)和畸变产物耳声发射记录(DPOAE)。结果对照组DCAPN1波潜伏期值无明显改变。内耳血供阻断10s和30s组在压迫开始后3min，DCAPN1波潜伏期值均恢复为初始值。内耳血供阻断1min组在压迫开始后3h，DCAPN1波潜伏期值未恢复为初始值假手术组DPOAE幅值无明显改变，内耳血供阻断10s、30s对DPOAE幅值无影响，内耳血供阻断1min使得DPOAE幅值下降结论兔内耳血供阻断1min可能造成兔听觉不可逆损伤。DCAP、DPOAE能有效、持续地监控内耳血供阻断，是耳神经外科手术中实用的听觉监测手段。     

市售三厂家18种复方氨基酸注射液的质量评价

目的对市售3厂家(A、B和E)共9批18种复方氨基酸注射液进行质量比较。方法参考国内外同类产品质量标准,从澄明度、透光率、性状、pH值、不溶性微粒、抗氧剂量、细菌内毒素和含量等方面进行比较。结果外观均为无色澄明液体,430nm波长处透光率均大于99%,pH在5.42～6.61间;A、B、E3厂不溶性微粒≥10、≥25μm的粒子数分别为1.41、0.32,0.83、0.21和1.55、0.56个/ml;抗氧剂的量分别为<33、近330和>500mg/L;细菌内毒素检查与含量测定符合中国药典及国家标准要求。结论不同厂家的产品质量确实存在一定的差异。     

Lithium for irritability in Post-Traumatic stress disorder

Irritability is often a problem for patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We describe two cases that illustrate the use of lithium in the treatment of veterans with PTSD who complained of serious problems with irritability or angry outbursts. These cases are discussed in the context of evidence that lithium may be useful in other patients with disorders of impulse control. The evidence linking disorders of anger and impulse control to a dysregulation in neurotransmitter regulation, particularly in serotonergic pathways, supports a psychopharmacologic approach to treatment. These findings should lead to further study of the role of lithium in the treatment of this symptom complex in patients with PTSD.     

几种造血刺激剂拮抗干扰素对粒-单系祖细胞的抑制效应

本实验用C_(57)BL/6j小鼠CFU-GM集落形成的方法观察了三种CSF和氢化可的松、锂盐及硒盐对CFU-GM的影响及其对IFN的CFU-GM抑制作用的阻断作用。结果表明,三种CSF能部分拮抗IFN的CFU-GM抑制效应;微量的硒酸钠,碳酸锂均可刺激CFU-GM增殖,并使IFN200IU抑制的CFU-GM产率提高200％以上;微量的氢化可的松也能部分阻断IFN的CFU-GM抑制。     

Formulation and in Vitro-in Vivo Evaluation of Sustained-Release Lithium Carbonate Tablets

The release of lithium carbonate incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate, poly vinyl chloride, hy-drogenated vegetable oil, and carbomer matrix tablets was studied in vitro. The formulation containing 10% carbomer showed a sustained-release profile comparable to that of a standard, commercially available, sustained-release preparation containing 400 mg lithium carbonate embedded in a composite material. In vivo the newly formulated and standard sustained-release lithium carbonate tablets were compared to an oral solution and conventional lithium carbonate tablets in 12 healthy subjects. These crossover studies showed that the sustained-release tablets produced a flatter serum concentration curve than the oral solution and conventional tablet, without loss of total bioavailability.     

Serum and red blood cell folate in depression

Serum folate concentrations were estimated in patients with major depressive disorders, lithium-treated patients, detoxified alcoholic patients and normal controls. Red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were also estimated in subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder and normal controls. Results showed significantly lower serum and RBC folate concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder than in normal controls. Lower serum folate concentrations were associated with greater severity of depression. There was no association between serum and RBC folate concentrations and endogenicity of depression or the presence of weight loss.     

复方金荞麦颗粒治疗肺癌1000例临床疗效观察

目的 总结复方金荞麦颗粒治疗肺癌的疗效。方法 对1000例各种类型的肺癌患者采用复方金荞麦颗粒5g，3次·d^-1 口服，同时辅以中药汤剂治疗，3mo为1疗程，病情稳定后逐渐减量维持。结果本组1000例患者经3mo～15a以上治疗，基本治愈181例（18．1％），显效518例（51．8％），有效204例（20．4％），无效97例（9．7％），总有效率为90．3％。结论 复方金荞麦颗粒为抗肿瘤的纯中药制剂，具有明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长、增强免疫功能、提高患者生存质量等功效，尤其是对失去手术治疗机会、不能接受化疗和放疗的肺癌患者具有较好疗效。     

碘杂环化合物对离体豚鼠心乳头肌动作电位和收缩力的作用

采用细胞内微电极记录技术,同步观察了3,6-[二甲氨基]-二苯并碘因甲酸盐(IHC-64)对豚鼠心乳头肌细胞动作电位和收缩力的作用。50μmol/L IHC-64抑制心肌收缩力,而不影响快反应动作电位。增加IHC-64浓度,动作电位0相最大峰值(APA)、除极速率(dp/dt_(max))和复极50％和90％时程(APD_(50)、APD_(90))被明显抑制。IHC-64抑制慢反应动作电位,提高细胞外钙浓度可拮抗这种抑制。结果提示,IHC-64主要抑制慢Ca~(2+)内流,同时也部分抑制快Na~+内流,它可能是一种新型B类钙通道阻滞剂。     

复方麝香注射液联合脑血肿引流术治疗中老年高血压脑出血疗效观察及费用对比

目的:探讨复方麝香注射液联合微创手术治疗中老年高血压脑出血的临床疗效.方法:将78例接受微创治疗的患者随机分组,两组均采用内科综合治疗.手术对照组在综合治疗基础上加用微创手术进行脑血肿引流;中西医结合组在微创手术治疗后加用复方麝香注射液(10～20 ml/d)静脉滴注1周.结果:中西医结合组显效率(66.67%)、有效率(82.05%)均明显高于手术对照组(46.15%和69.23%,P均<0.05),存活患者日常生活能力也明显优于手术对照组(P<0.05),意识恢复时间明显短于手术对照组(P<0.05),并发症的发生率(15.38%)明显低于手术对照组(38.46%,P<0.01),病死率(5.13%)明显低于手术对照组(10.26%,P<0.01),平均住院天数[(18.29±4.93)d]明显少于手术对照组[(26.23±5.82)d,P<0.05],平均住院费用[(5 916.23±826.39)元]明显少于手术对照组[(8 168.35±1 021.21)元,P<0.05].结论:脑血肿引流术后加用复方麝香注射液治疗中老年高血压脑出血,可降低病死率,减少并发症,降低病残程度,提高生存患者的生活质量,缩短住院时间,降低治疗费用.     

Mast cell activation involves plasma membrane potential- and thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular calcium pools

Summary— The regulation and role of the intracellular Ca²⁺ pools were studied in rat peritoneal mast cells. Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) was monitored in fura-2 loaded mast cells. In the presence of Ca²⁺ and K+, compound 48/80 induced a biphasic increase in [Ca²⁺]i composed of a fast transient phase and an apparent sustained phase. The sustained phase was partially inhibited by the addition of Mn²⁺. DTPA, a cell-impermeant chelator of Mn²⁺, reversed this inhibition, suggesting that a quenching of fura-2 fluorescence occurs in the extracellular medium. In the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, the transient phase, but not the sustained one, could be preserved, provided that mast cells were depolarized. The transient phase was completely abolished by thapsigargin, a microsomal Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor. Maximum histamine release induced by either compound 48/80 or antigen was obtained in the absence of added Ca²⁺ only when mast cells were depolarized. These histamine releases were inhibited by low doses (< 30 nM) of thapsigargin. Thapsigargin at higher doses induced histamine release which was unaffected by changing the plasma membrane potential, but was completely dependent on extracellular Ca²⁺, showing that a Ca²⁺ influx is required for thapsigargin-induced exocytosis. Together, these results suggest that the mobilization of Ca²⁺ from thapsigargin sensitive-intracellular pools induced by compound 48/80 or antigen is sufficient to trigger histamine release. The modulation of these pools by the plasma membrane potential suggest their localization is close to the plasma membrane.