富含缓释淀粉高单不饱和脂肪酸型肠内营养制剂对糖耐量异常患者糖脂代谢的影响

目的:观察富含缓释淀粉高单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)肠内营养(EN)制剂对糖耐量异常(IGT)患者糖脂代谢的影响。方法:62例IGT患者随机分为试验餐组(n=32)和普通餐组(n=30)。试验餐组服用富含缓释淀粉高MUFA的EN制剂(雅培益力佳SR)替代早餐,普通餐组服用等热量的纯牛奶+淡馒头,所有患者分别于干预前和干预4周后检测空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(PINS)以及血脂系列,就各项指标进行组内前后比较和组间比较。结果:试验餐组干预4周后体质量以及PPG、PINS、血清甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);干预后,试验餐组PPG、PINS、TG、TC和LDL-c均低于普通餐组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:富含缓释淀粉高MUFA的EN制剂有利于降低单纯IGT患者PPG和PINS水平,并改善脂质代谢。     

老年人抑郁与情绪调节及血脂水平的关系研究

目的 探讨老年人抑郁与情绪调节、血脂水平之间的关系.方法 从成都医学院第一附属医院随机抽取60例年龄≥60岁的住院患者作为研究对象,采用简易老年抑郁量表和情绪调节问卷作为测量工具,将患者分为老年抑郁组37例,老年非抑郁组23例,并抽取患者5 mL血液进行血脂水平检验.应用Pearson相关分析,独立样本t检验,分析老年人抑郁与情绪调节、血脂水平的相关性.结果 老年人抑郁组与认知重评呈负相关,抑郁组与非抑郁组在情绪调节方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);抑郁组与总胆固醇、甘油三酯指标具有相关性,且抑郁组与非抑郁组在总胆固醇指标方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年人选择积极的情绪调节策略可降低抑郁情绪的发生率;抑郁情绪会影响血脂中胆固醇水平.     

良性前列腺增生症与心脑血管疾病危险因素关联性研究

目的 探讨心脑血管疾病危险因素高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、血脂异常与良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的关系.方法 选取205例BPH患者的临床资料,然后分别按照是否合并高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、血脂异常分为BPH非高血压组(A1组,n=115)和BPH合并高血压组(A2组,n=90)、BPH非高血糖组(B1组,n=169)和BPH合并高血糖组(B2组,n=36)、BPH非肥胖组(C1组,n=142)和BPH合并肥胖组(C2组,n=63)、BPH非血脂异常组(D1组,n=151)和BPH合并血脂异常组(D2组,n=54),再分别进行两组间回顾性对比分析;最后进一步分析前列腺体积(PV)分别与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体质指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的相关性.结果 BPH分别合并高血压、糖尿病、肥胖患者与单纯性BPH患者相比,PV增大[(66.21±20.78) mL vs(56.79±29.31) mL、(68.98±27.67) mL vs(59.20±21.02) mL、(67.01±18.98) mL vs(58.45±23.64) mL],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);并且高血压分级与PV呈正相关(rs=0.321,P＜0.05);同样SBP、DBP、FBG、BMI、血清总PSA(t-PSA)和血清游离PSA(f-PSA)与PV呈正相关(r=0.229,P＜0.05;r=0.188,P＜0.05;r =0.180,P＜0.05;r =0.311,P＜0.05;r =0.161,P＜0.05;r =0.161,P＜0.05).结论 高血压、糖尿病、肥胖可能分别是促发BPH的危险因素,控制血压、血糖、体重可作为预防前列腺增生的手段之一.     

Molecular determinants of milk lipid secretion

Mammary epithelial cells secrete lipids by an envelopment process that produces lipid droplets coated by membranes derived from the plasma membrane and possibly secretory vesicles. This secretion process, which resembles viral budding, is hypothesized to be mediated by specific interactions between molecules on the surface of intracellular lipids and membrane elements of the cell. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that milk lipid secretion occurs through a tripartite complex between the integral transmembrane protein, butyrophilin (BTN); the soluble metabolic enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR); and the lipid droplet surface protein, adipophilin (ADPH). However, topological evidence from freeze-fracture replica immunolabelling (FRIL) challenge this model and suggests that milk lipid secretion is mediated by butyrophilin alone. Advances in our understanding of the molecular, structural, and functional properties of these proteins now make it possible to understand the physiological functions of each of these molecules in detail and to identify the specific molecular determinants that mediate milk lipid secretion.     

Increased levels of alpha-defensin (-1, -2 and -3) in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy is associated with low-grade inflammation and activation of the complement system. Defensins, as part of the innate immune system, may play a regulatory role in the complement cascade and may also augment the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate whether alpha-defensin is associated with diabetic nephropathy, low-grade inflammation and lipid profiles. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 189 patients with type 1 diabetes selected from the FinnDiane Study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their albumin excretion rate (AER) in three consecutive overnight or 24-h urine collections: normoalbuminuria (AER <20 microg/min or <30 mg/24 h), microalbuminuria (20 200 microg/min or >300 mg/24 h). Alpha-defensin was determined by a novel, solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on a monoclonal antibody, which recognizes alpha-defensin isoforms 1-3. RESULTS: Total serum alpha-defensin (-1, -2 and -3) concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in patients with macroalbuminuria compared to micro- and normoalbuminuria, but no difference was observed between normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. In multiple linear regression analysis alpha-defensin was associated with systolic blood pressure (P = 0.032), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.013), total cholesterol (P = 0.008), age (P = 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.001), but not with low-grade inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS; Serum alpha-defensin (-1, -2 and -3) concentrations are increased in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.     

Raloxifene Versus Continuous Combined Estrogen/Progestin Therapy: Densitometric and Biochemical Effects in Healthy Postmenopausal Taiwanese Women

We treated 116 healthy postmenopausal women (age 47–66 years, mean 57 years) in Taiwan with either raloxifene (RLX) 60 mg (n= 92) or 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (CCEP, n= 24) daily for 12 months in a randomized, double-masked, active-controlled fashion. The results showed that both regimens increased bone mineral density (BMD) at hip sites (means: RLX 2.5–4.9%, CCEP 4.6–7.9%, all p<0.005 compared with baseline), and the difference between the two regimens was not significant. The spinal BMD increased significantly in both groups (1.4% with RLX and 6.0% with CCEP, both p<0.01), and more with CCEP (p<0.003). Osteocalcin levels and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide/creatinine ratios decreased significantly in both regimens, but the decreases were significantly larger with CCEP. Compared with baseline, both RLX and CCEP decreased the total cholesterol (median 4.9% and 8.6% respectively, p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (median 11% and 19% respectively, p<0.001), and increased HDL-cholesterol (median 8.6% and 10.7% respectively, p<0.01). Both regimens increased triglyceride levels (median 3.2% and 18.9% respectively, both p<0.05), although to a lesser extent with RLX than with CCEP (p<0.05). Only 3 subjects (3.3%) reported vaginal bleeding in the RLX group, as compared with 31% (7/22) with CCEP (p<0.05). We conclude that in healthy, postmenopausal Taiwanese women, RLX 60 mg given daily has favorable results in BMD, bone turnover and serum lipids, although the dosage we used showed a potency less than that of conventional CCEP. Received: 22 November 2000 / Accepted: 25 June 2001     

Inclusion of lignocaine base into a polar lipid formulation--in vitro release, duration of peripheral nerve block and arterial blood concentrations in the rat

BACKGROUND: Slow-release formulations of local anaesthetics may produce nerve blocks of long duration. The present study aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo properties of a polar lipid formulation for slow release of lignocaine and the effects on nerve block duration by inclusion of dexamethasone into the system. METHODS: In vitro release of lignocaine from the lipid formulation was studied in a US Pharmacopoeia rotating apparatus. Sciatic nerve blocks were induced in rats by 0.1 ml of test formulations containing lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, lignocaine base 20, 100 or 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation or the last formulation with dexamethasone 0.05, 0.5 or 5 mg. ml-1. The durations of sensory and motor block and the arterial blood concentrations of lignocaine were investigated. RESULTS: In vitro there was a sustained release of lignocaine from the lipid formulation, with 50% release at around 48 h. In vivo lignocaine base 20 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation produced sciatic nerve blocks of significantly shorter duration than lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, while lignocaine base 100 and 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation produced blocks lasting two and three times longer, respectively, than the lignocaine HCl solution. Addition of dexamethasone did not affect the duration of nerve block. Following administration of lignocaine base 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation, as compared to lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, the maximal blood concentration of lignocaine was only three times higher in spite of the ten-fold difference in dose, and the mean terminal half-life was three times longer, reflecting the slow release from the formulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that lignocaine base in polar lipids acts as a slow-release preparation of local anaesthetic both in vitro and in vivo.     

HRD1在oxLDL刺激的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞中的表达及意义

目的:观察羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶降解蛋白1(HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1,HRD1)在人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC)内的表达情况,探讨HRD1对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,oxLDL)引起的血管内皮细胞凋亡及细胞内脂质沉积的影响?方法:免疫荧光检测HRD1在动脉粥样硬化患者血管组织中的表达?同时体外传代培养HUVEC,oxLDL刺激细胞后Western blot法观察HRD1的表达情况?Ad-HRD1感染oxLDL刺激后的HUVEC,Western blot法观察HRD1对细胞凋亡的影响,油红O染色法观察HRD1对细胞内脂滴生成的影响?结果:HRD1表达于动脉粥样硬化患者血管组织中;也表达于oxLDL刺激后的HUVEC中;Ad-HRD1感染oxLDL刺激后的HUVEC,Cleaved PARP和Cleaved Caspase 3表达降低并且细胞内脂滴形成减少?结论:HRD1可抑制oxLDL导致的内皮细胞凋亡和细胞内脂质沉积?     

APOB、APOC-Ⅰ和LDLR基因多态性与血脂水平的关联性分析

目的 探讨LDLR基因rs688 C＞T、APOB基因rs693 C＞T、APOC-Ⅰ基因rs4420638 A＞G位点分布特征及其与血脂水平的相关性.方法 以462例兰州地区汉族人群为研究对象,采用聚合酶链式反应-高分辨率熔解(PCR-HRM)技术对LDLR基因rs688 C＞T、APOB基因rs693 C＞T、APOC-Ⅰ基因rs4420638 A＞G 3个SNP位点进行基因分型,分析其与血脂水平的关系.结果 LDLR基因rs688C＞T、APOB基因rs693 C＞T、APOC-Ⅰ基因rs4420638 A＞G基因型频率和等位基因频率分别为CC64.9％、CT 32.5％、TT 2.6％,C 81.2％、T 18.8％;CC 87.0％、CT 13.0％,C 93.5％、T 6.5％;AA85.7％、AG 14.3％,A 92.9％、G7.1％.在显性模型下,分别以TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C为因变量,以性别、年龄、BMI、rs688 C＞T、rs693 C＞T、rs4420638 A＞G为自变量进行多元线性回归分析发现,LDLR基因rs688 T等位基因携带者的TC、LDL-C水平显著高于CC纯合型(β=0.301,P＜0.01;β=0.335,P＜0.01);APOB基因rs693 T等位基因携带者的TC、TG水平显著低于CC纯合型(β=-0.250,P=0.027;β=-0.162,P=0.029);APOC-Ⅰ基因rs4420638 G等位基因携带者的TG水平显著高于AA纯合型(β =0.180,P=0.016).结论 LDLR基因rs688 C＞T、APOB基因rs693 C＞T、APOC-Ⅰ基因rs4420638A＞G位点与中国兰州地区汉族人群血脂水平相关.     

Effect of Compound Laser Acupuncture-Moxibustion on Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin and Blood Lipids Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of compound laser acupuncture-moxibustion on blood glucose, fasting insulin and blood lipids levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including the normal group, model control group, laser group and sham laser group(n=10 per group). The rats in the normal group were fed with a standard diet. Rats in other groups were fed with a high-sugar and high-fat diet for 4 weeks, then intraperitoneally injected with 1% streptozotocin to induce T2 DM model. The laser group was irradiated by 10.6 μm and 650 nm compound laser on bilateral Pishu(BL 20), Shenshu(BL 23) and Sanyinjiao(SP 6) for 5 min, 6 times a week for 5 weeks. The sham laser group received the same treatment as the laser group, but without laser output. The model control group and normal group were not treated. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of treatment. The serum levels of fasting insulin, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were analyzed after the last treatment. Results: The blood glucose levels in the model control group increased during the 5 weeks of treatment compared with the normal group(P0.05), while those in the laser group were significantly lower than the model control group after weekly treatment(P0.01 or P0.05). After 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment, the blood glucose levels in the laser group decreased obviously compared with the sham laser group(P0.01 or P0.05). Compared with the normal group, the levels of fasting insulin, TC and LDL in the model control group notably increased(P0.01 or P0.05), while their levels in the laser group were significantly lower than the model control group after 5 weeks of treatment(P0.05 or P0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in TG or HDL levels among the 4 groups(P0.05). Conclusion: The compound laser acupuncture-moxibustion of 10.6 μm and 650 nm had positive effects on the regulation of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in T2 DM rats, which may be a potential treatment for T2 DM, and also provide an alternative to the traditional acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.